Make lint and test phases of the Dockerfile (closes #96)

Follows the template: Dockerfile.lint is gone; the Dockerfile has a lint
phase (eslint, prettier --check .) and a test phase (vitest), and its last
stage compiles and depends on both. script/lint and script/test build one
phase each with --no-cache; script/docker and script/cibuild pass
--no-cache, so CHECK_EPOCH and LINT_EPOCH are removed. script/cibuild is
the single image build, so CI runs lint and the tests once each. The tests
that checked the old layout are deleted, REPO_POLICIES.md is re-copied and
the README describes the new layout.

Model: opus-5-5

script/check

@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # script/check: run all checks (test, lint). Our own extension to
-# scripts-to-rule-them-all. Must not modify any files.
+# scripts-to-rule-them-all. Both are Docker phases. Must not modify any
+# files.
 #
-# The formatting check is part of lint, not a step of its own:
-# script/lint builds Dockerfile.lint, which runs eslint AND
-# `prettier --check .` as build steps. Calling script/fmt-check here as
-# well would run prettier a second time over the same tree for the same
-# verdict — the weaker of the two, since the host toolchain is whatever
-# the working tree happens to have installed while the container's is
-# digest-pinned. script/fmt-check remains a standalone entrypoint for
-# asking the formatting question by itself.
-#
-# script/lint builds Dockerfile.lint, so this script requires docker and
-# must never be run from inside a container: that is why the Dockerfile
-# image runs script/test and script/build rather than this.
+# script/fmt-check is not called here, unlike the template: the lint
+# phase already runs `prettier --check .`, so calling it would run
+# prettier a second time over the same tree for the same verdict.
 set -eu
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"