Keep Go's build cache in check builds (closes #113)

The script/ builds pass a new CACHEBUST build argument on every run in
place of --no-cache, which also emptied Go's build cache mount. Every
Dockerfile stage declares ARG CACHEBUST first, so every RUN step still
reruns on an unchanged tree. The canonical Go Dockerfile mounts only
Go's build cache, on the steps that compile, so compiled packages
survive between check builds; both go test runs carry -count=1, so no
test result is reused. golangci-lint's own cache and the module cache
are not kept.

A repository re-vendors the scripts and adds the ARG lines in one
commit: a stage without the line is served from cache with no warning.

Unverified: not yet tried on the shared CI runner.

Model: opus-5-5

.gitea/workflows/check.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
     check:
         runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        # Free the shared runner from a hung build.
+        timeout-minutes: 20
         steps:
             # actions/checkout v4.2.2, 2026-02-22
             - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683

Dockerfile

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 # lint` or `script/lint`, which are themselves a docker build and would
 # recurse into a daemon that does not exist in a build step.
 #
+# Every stage declares ARG CACHEBUST first: script/ passes a new value on
+# every build, which reruns every RUN step after it.
+#
 # node 22-alpine, 2026-02-22
 FROM node@sha256:e4bf2a82ad0a4037d28035ae71529873c069b13eb0455466ae0bc13363826e34 AS lint
+ARG CACHEBUST
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
@@ -19,6 +23,7 @@ RUN yarn run prettier --check '**/*.md' --tab-width 4 --prose-wrap always
 #
 # node 22-alpine, 2026-02-22
 FROM node@sha256:e4bf2a82ad0a4037d28035ae71529873c069b13eb0455466ae0bc13363826e34 AS test
+ARG CACHEBUST
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
@@ -38,6 +43,7 @@ RUN echo "No tests defined."
 #
 # node 22-alpine, 2026-02-22
 FROM node@sha256:e4bf2a82ad0a4037d28035ae71529873c069b13eb0455466ae0bc13363826e34
+ARG CACHEBUST
 
 WORKDIR /app
 

README.md

@@ -116,22 +116,26 @@ alpine. We provide:
   `script/bootstrap`, then `script/install-precommit`
 - `script/projectname` — output the project name (our own extension); used by
   `script/docker` for the image tag
-- `script/test` — `docker build --no-cache --target test -t prompts-test .`,
+- `script/test` —
-  building the `test` phase of the `Dockerfile` (no tests defined here)
+  `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --target test --output type=cacheonly .`,
-- `script/lint` — `docker build --no-cache --target lint -t prompts-lint .`,
+  building the `test` phase of the `Dockerfile` without writing an image (no
-  building the `lint` phase, which runs prettier over the markdown files
+  tests defined here)
+- `script/lint` —
+  `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --target lint --output type=cacheonly .`,
+  building the `lint` phase, which runs prettier over the markdown files,
+  without writing an image
 - `script/fmt` — format all markdown files with prettier (writes; native, not in
   a container)
 - `script/fmt-check` — check formatting (read-only; native)
 - `script/check` — run all checks: `test`, `lint`, `fmt-check` (our own
   extension); builds no image of its own
 - `script/docker` —
-  `docker build --no-cache --build-arg VERSION="$version" -t prompts .`, the tag
+  `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --build-arg VERSION="$version" -t prompts .`,
-  coming from `script/projectname` (byte-identical across repos)
+  the tag coming from `script/projectname` (byte-identical across repos)
 - `script/cibuild` — cd to the repo root, run `script/bootstrap`, run
   `script/check`, compute `version` from `git describe`, then
-  `docker build --no-cache --build-arg VERSION="$version" -t prompts .` (what CI
+  `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --build-arg VERSION="$version" -t prompts .`
-  runs; it bootstraps because CI checks out and runs this alone while
+  (what CI runs; it bootstraps because CI checks out and runs this alone while
   `script/fmt-check` is native)
 - `script/precommit` — run by the git pre-commit hook (our own extension); calls
   `script/check`
@@ -140,6 +144,10 @@ alpine. We provide:
 
 `make hooks` installs the pre-commit hook that runs `script/precommit`.
 
+Every stage of the `Dockerfile` declares `ARG CACHEBUST` as its first line after
+`FROM`. The `script/` builds pass a new `CACHEBUST` value on every build, which
+reruns every `RUN` step and keeps Go's build cache; `--no-cache` would empty it.
+
 ## Rationale
 
 LLM prompts, especially development policies, benefit from version control and a

TODO.md

@@ -21,13 +21,82 @@ fmt-check, and commit.
 
 # Completed Steps
 
+- 2026-10-15: Check builds now keep Go's build cache between runs (issue 113),
+  on sneak's ruling there that Go's compile cache may survive. `script/lint`,
+  `script/test`, `script/cibuild` and `script/docker` pass a new `CACHEBUST`
+  build argument on every build in place of `--no-cache`, which also emptied the
+  cache mounts. Every `Dockerfile` stage declares `ARG CACHEBUST` first, so
+  every `RUN` step still runs on every check build. The canonical Go
+  `Dockerfile` mounts Go's build cache on the steps that compile and runs both
+  `go test` runs with `-count=1`, so no test result is reused. A stage without
+  the `ARG` line is served from cache, so repositories re-vendor the scripts and
+  the `ARG` lines in one commit. Not yet tried on the shared runner.
+- 2026-10-08: The canonical `script/bootstrap` now uses the installed node only
+  when its major version is the pinned one (issue 118). Otherwise, as when node
+  is missing, it installs the pinned node under nvm and installs yarn and the
+  packages under it. It prints the version of the node it uses either way. The
+  CI runner image ships node 24, under which the pinned yarn 1.22.22 printed the
+  deprecation warning DEP0169 on every bootstrap. Only the major is compared
+  because the `Dockerfile` stages start from a node 22 alpine image whose exact
+  version is not the pin, and nvm cannot install a prebuilt node on alpine; the
+  version-comparison rule in `REPO_POLICIES.md` names node as its exception.
+  `script/fmt` and `script/fmt-check` pick their yarn with the same test: the
+  `yarn` on `PATH` when the installed node is the pinned major, and otherwise
+  yarn under the pinned node through nvm. `REPO_POLICIES.md` and both checklists
+  say so, and the checklists' final `script/cibuild` check names what the CI
+  runner image has: node 24 and no yarn. Not yet tried on the shared runner.
+  Repositories pick this up on their next re-vendor.
+- 2026-10-07: The `script/cibuild` item in `NEW_REPO_CHECKLIST.md` now matches
+  the canonical `script/cibuild` (issue 125). Its image build carries the tag,
+  `-t "$tag"`, and the item says that `$version` comes from
+  `git describe --tags --always --dirty` (`unknown` if empty) and `$tag` from
+  `script/projectname`, each assigned on its own line before the build. A
+  repository written from the checklist got an untagged build, which leaves a
+  dangling image behind on every run, and was never told where `$version` comes
+  from. The other `docker build` commands the checklists and `REPO_POLICIES.md`
+  give for `script/` already matched their scripts.
+- 2026-10-07: `script/lint` and `script/test` now build with
+  `--output type=cacheonly` in place of a tag (issue 123), so they still run
+  their phase uncached and fail on a failing step but write no image. Nothing
+  used those images, and writing one out cost about 16 seconds of a Go
+  repository's test build. `script/cibuild` and `script/docker` keep their tags.
+  `REPO_POLICIES.md`, both checklists and the README no longer say the gate
+  builds are tagged. Not yet tried on the shared runner. Repositories pick this
+  up on their next re-vendor.
+- 2026-10-07: The canonical `.gitea/workflows/check.yml` now sets
+  `timeout-minutes: 20` on its `check` job (issue 120), so a hung build frees
+  the shared runner instead of holding it until the runner's own limit.
+  `script/cibuild` runs three Docker builds, each held to the 5-minute Docker
+  build limit, plus the bootstrap; if that limit changes (issue 113), the value
+  follows it. `REPO_POLICIES.md` and both checklists name the limit among what
+  the workflow sets. Not yet tried on the shared runner. Repositories pick this
+  up on their next re-vendor.
+- 2026-10-07: The canonical `package.json` now has `"private": true` in place of
+  `"license": "MIT"` (issue 119), so a repository that copies it no longer
+  declares MIT whatever its own licence is. yarn does not print "No license
+  field" for a private package. This repository's own licence is unchanged.
 - 2026-10-06: The canonical `.gitea/workflows/check.yml` now sets
   `fetch-depth: 0` on its checkout step (issue 110), so CI fetches the history
   and tags that `git describe --tags --always` needs, and a tagged repository
-  stamps the same version in CI as in a local build. `REPO_POLICIES.md` and the
+  stamps the same version in CI as in a local build. `REPO_POLICIES.md` and both
-  existing repo checklist now say the canonical file sets it, instead of asking
+  checklists name `fetch-depth: 0` among what the workflow does, next to
-  each repository to add it. Not yet tried on the shared runner, which is out of
+  `persist-credentials: false` and the `concurrency` block, instead of asking
-  disk space. Repositories pick this up on their next re-vendor.
+  each tagged repository to add it. Not yet tried on the shared runner, which is
+  out of disk space. Repositories pick this up on their next re-vendor.
+- 2026-10-06: The canonical `script/bootstrap` now runs `apt-get update` once,
+  before the first `apt-get install` of a run (issue 115). The Gitea runner
+  image starts with empty package lists, so installing anything it lacks, such
+  as Go, failed with `Unable to locate package`. A repository's own section no
+  longer needs a refresh of its own; `sneak/bsfirehose` and `sneak/dnswatcher`
+  drop theirs at their next re-vendor.
+- 2026-10-06: `REPO_POLICIES.md` and both checklists now say that a checkout
+  whose `.git` is a file, a linked worktree or a repository checked out as a
+  submodule, is the exception to a plain `docker build .` succeeding (issue
+  111): that file points to a git directory outside the build context, so the
+  build cannot read the version and the version check in the canonical
+  `Dockerfile` stops it. Such a build is given its version with
+  `--build-arg VERSION=...`, as `script/docker` and `script/cibuild` already do.
+  The check itself is unchanged.
 - 2026-10-06: The canonical `.gitea/workflows/check.yml` now has a `concurrency`
   block, so a new push cancels the older run on the same branch and no other,
   and its checkout step sets `persist-credentials: false`, so the job's token is

package.json

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-  "license": "MIT",
+  "private": true,
   "devDependencies": {
     "prettier": "3.8.1"
   }

prompts/CODE_STYLEGUIDE_GO.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Code Styleguide — Go
-last_modified: 2026-10-06
+last_modified: 2026-10-15
 ---
 
 1.  Try to hard wrap long lines at 77 characters or less.
@@ -111,9 +111,10 @@ last_modified: 2026-10-06
     linting. It carries the lint and test phases, and the final stage depends on
     both, so a build makes sure the code is in an able-to-be-compiled state,
     linted, and its tests run. Go through `script/cibuild` or `script/docker`
-    rather than a bare `docker build .`: they pass `--no-cache`, without which
+    rather than a bare `docker build .`: they pass a new `CACHEBUST` value on
-    an unchanged tree serves the gate layers from cache and the build reports a
+    every build, which reruns every `RUN` step and keeps Go's build cache;
-    green it never ran.
+    `--no-cache` would empty it. Without a new value an unchanged tree serves
+    the gate layers from cache and the build reports a green it never ran.
 
 1.  Every repo must have a `Makefile`. See
     [Repository Policies](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/prompts/raw/branch/main/prompts/REPO_POLICIES.md)

prompts/EXISTING_REPO_CHECKLIST.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Existing Repo Checklist
-last_modified: 2026-10-06
+last_modified: 2026-10-15
 ---
 
 Use this checklist when beginning work in a repo that may not yet conform to our
@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ with your task.
       `--target` names it, so a lost `COPY --from=` edge leaves `docker build .`
       passing while the gate never runs. Confirm by planting a violation, not by
       reading the file.
+- [ ] Every stage declares `ARG CACHEBUST` as its first line after `FROM`. The
+      `script/` builds pass a new `CACHEBUST` value on every build, which reruns
+      every `RUN` step and keeps Go's build cache; `--no-cache` would empty it.
+      A stage without the `ARG` line is served from cache on an unchanged tree,
+      so the scripts and the `ARG` lines are re-vendored in one commit.
+- [ ] Go: the steps that compile (`golangci-lint run`, `go test`, `go build`)
+      mount Go's build cache (`--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build`)
+      and nothing else, and both `go test` runs carry `-count=1`, as in the
+      canonical Go `Dockerfile` in `REPO_POLICIES.md`
 - [ ] The gate phases invoke their tools directly, never through `make lint` or
       `script/test` — those are themselves a `docker build` and would recurse
       inside a build step
@@ -91,14 +100,21 @@ with your task.
       version still comes out empty, `dev` or `unknown`. A plain
       `docker build .` with no build arguments must succeed; a Dockerfile that
       refuses an empty build argument drops that refusal and keeps the argument.
-      `script/docker` and `script/cibuild` pass the version they compute on the
+      A checkout whose `.git` is a file (a linked worktree, or a repository
-      host; it takes precedence. The canonical `.gitea/workflows/check.yml` sets
+      checked out as a submodule) is the exception: that file points to a git
-      `fetch-depth: 0` on its checkout step, which otherwise clones shallow and
+      directory outside the build context, so the build cannot read the version
-      fetches no tags, so a CI build finds the tag too.
+      and a plain `docker build .` fails; pass the version with
+      `--build-arg VERSION=...`. `script/docker` and `script/cibuild` already
+      pass the version they compute on the host; it takes precedence. The
+      canonical `.gitea/workflows/check.yml` sets `fetch-depth: 0` on its
+      checkout step, which otherwise clones shallow and fetches no tags, so a CI
+      build finds the tag too.
 - [ ] Gitea Actions workflow in `.gitea/workflows/` runs `script/cibuild` on
-      push, checks out with `persist-credentials: false`, and carries the
+      push, checks out with `persist-credentials: false` and with
-      `concurrency` block that lets a new push cancel only the same branch's
+      `fetch-depth: 0` (which fetches the tags `git describe` needs), carries
-      older run — reference
+      the `concurrency` block that lets a new push cancel only the same branch's
+      older run, and sets `timeout-minutes: 20` on the `check` job so a hung
+      build frees the shared runner — reference
       `https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/prompts/raw/branch/main/.gitea/workflows/check.yml`
 - [ ] Language-specific config:
     - [ ] Go: `go.mod`, `go.sum`, `.golangci.yml` (fetch from
@@ -125,25 +141,31 @@ with your task.
       `script/install-precommit`, shimmed by `make hooks`) runs it
 - [ ] README has an **Entrypoints** section documenting the `script/`
       entrypoints and linking the standard
-- [ ] `script/lint` and `script/test` build their phase by name
+- [ ] `script/lint` and `script/test` each run
-      (`docker build --no-cache --target <phase> -t <name>-<phase> .`), and no
+      `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --target <phase> --output type=cacheonly .`,
-      host invocation anywhere in the repo can produce a lint verdict — grep for
+      which builds their phase by name and writes no image, and no host
-      the linter's own name across `script/`, the `Makefile` and CI config, not
+      invocation anywhere in the repo can produce a lint verdict — grep for the
-      just `script/lint`. A second path is likeliest here: a `make lint-fast`,
+      linter's own name across `script/`, the `Makefile` and CI config, not just
-      an older host-versus-container branch, or a CI step calling the binary
+      `script/lint`. A second path is likeliest here: a `make lint-fast`, an
+      older host-versus-container branch, or a CI step calling the binary
       directly. `script/fmt` and `script/fmt-check` are expected hits and stay
       on the host.
-- [ ] Every `docker build` in `script/` is tagged — an untagged one leaves a
+- [ ] No `docker build` in `script/` leaves a dangling image behind:
-      dangling image behind on every run, on every host and CI runner
+      `script/lint` and `script/test` write no image, and `script/docker` and
+      `script/cibuild` tag theirs. A build that writes an untagged image leaves
+      one behind on every run, on every host and CI runner.
 - [ ] `script/cibuild` runs `script/bootstrap` before `script/check`, and builds
-      the image with `--no-cache`. Without the bootstrap the CI run dies in
+      the image with a new `CACHEBUST` value on every build, like every
+      `docker build` in `script/`. Without the bootstrap the CI run dies in
       `script/fmt-check`, which runs the formatter on the host and finds nothing
       installed.
-- [ ] `script/fmt` and `script/fmt-check` source nvm for the pinned node version
+- [ ] `script/fmt` and `script/fmt-check` pick their `yarn` with the same test
-      before invoking `yarn`, as `script/bootstrap`'s own install step does.
+      as `script/bootstrap`: the `yarn` on `PATH` when the node on `PATH` has
-      `script/bootstrap` leaves the node and yarn it installs off the `PATH` of
+      the pinned major version, and otherwise yarn under the pinned node, with
-      the shell that called it, so a bare `yarn` exits 127 on a runner carrying
+      nvm loaded through `$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh`. `script/bootstrap` leaves the node
-      nothing but docker and git.
+      and yarn it installs under nvm off the `PATH` of the shell that called it,
+      so a bare `yarn` exits 127 on a runner carrying nothing but docker and
+      git, or runs under another node.
 - [ ] `script/bootstrap` installs no linter of its own — delete the block, its
       version variables and its call site. A JS repo's `yarn install` stays; it
       brings a linter along with every other dependency, and no verdict is taken
@@ -196,10 +218,11 @@ with your task.
 # Final
 
 - [ ] `make check` passes
-- [ ] `script/cibuild` succeeds in a fresh clone on a host carrying nothing but
+- [ ] `script/cibuild` succeeds in a fresh clone on a host carrying what CI has
-      docker and git, with no node or yarn on `PATH`, which is what CI has, and
+      (the runner image `docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest`: docker,
-      demonstrably executed the checks — a sub-second build, or `CACHED` on a
+      git and node 24, with no yarn on `PATH`), and demonstrably executed the
-      gate layer, means nothing ran
+      checks — a sub-second build, or `CACHED` on a gate's `RUN` step, means
+      nothing ran
 - [ ] A planted lint violation fails both `make lint` and a plain
       `docker build .`; revert it afterwards
 - [ ] Commit and merge fixes before starting your actual task

prompts/NEW_REPO_CHECKLIST.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: New Repo Checklist
-last_modified: 2026-10-06
+last_modified: 2026-10-15
 ---
 
 Use this checklist when creating a new repository from scratch. Follow the steps
@@ -97,18 +97,36 @@ Template files can be fetched from:
       version still comes out empty, `dev` or `unknown`. A plain
       `docker build .` with no build arguments must succeed; a Dockerfile that
       refuses an empty build argument drops that refusal and keeps the argument.
+      A checkout whose `.git` is a file (a linked worktree, or a repository
+      checked out as a submodule) is the exception: that file points to a git
+      directory outside the build context, so the build cannot read the version
+      and a plain `docker build .` fails; pass the version with
+      `--build-arg VERSION=...`, as `script/docker` and `script/cibuild` already
+      do.
     - The Dockerfile carries a `lint` phase and a `test` phase, each invoking
       its tool directly rather than through `make` or `script/`, and the final
       stage carries a `COPY --from=` of a harmless file from each so the image
       cannot be built unless both passed. Keep the final stage last: a stage
       nothing depends on is built only when `--target` names it.
+    - Every stage declares `ARG CACHEBUST` as its first line after `FROM`. The
+      `script/` builds pass a new `CACHEBUST` value on every build, which reruns
+      every `RUN` step and keeps Go's build cache; `--no-cache` would empty it.
+      A stage without the `ARG` line is served from cache on an unchanged tree,
+      so the scripts and every stage's `ARG CACHEBUST` line are added in the
+      same commit.
+    - Go: the steps that compile (`golangci-lint run`, `go test`, `go build`)
+      mount Go's build cache (`--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build`)
+      and nothing else, and both `go test` runs carry `-count=1`, as in the
+      canonical Go `Dockerfile` in `REPO_POLICIES.md`
     - Server: the final stage builds and runs the application
     - Non-server: the final stage brings up the dev environment
     - Image pinned by sha256 hash with version/date comment
 - [ ] Gitea Actions workflow at `.gitea/workflows/check.yml` that runs
-      `script/cibuild` on push, checks out with `persist-credentials: false`,
+      `script/cibuild` on push, checks out with `persist-credentials: false` and
-      and carries the `concurrency` block that lets a new push cancel only the
+      with `fetch-depth: 0` (which fetches the tags `git describe` needs),
-      same branch's older run — reference
+      carries the `concurrency` block that lets a new push cancel only the same
+      branch's older run, and sets `timeout-minutes: 20` on the `check` job so a
+      hung build frees the shared runner — reference
       `https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/prompts/raw/branch/main/.gitea/workflows/check.yml`
 - [ ] Language-specific:
     - [ ] Go: `go mod init sneak.berlin/go/<name>`, `.golangci.yml` (fetch from
@@ -128,18 +146,22 @@ are thin shims calling them. Model scripts:
       alpine images without bash
 - [ ] `script/bootstrap` / `make bootstrap` — installs all dependencies,
       idempotently, assuming nothing (pkg manager detection nix/apt/brew/apk;
-      node used if present, else pinned version via nvm from a hash-verified
+      node used if its major version is the pinned one, else pinned version via
-      archive; pinned yarn via corepack); a non-server repo's development
+      nvm from a hash-verified archive, with yarn and the packages installed
+      under it; pinned yarn via corepack); a non-server repo's development
       environment stage runs it instead of inline installs; a gate phase or the
       build stage installs what its base image lacks either inline or by running
       it
 - [ ] `script/setup` / `make setup` — readies a fresh clone: runs `bootstrap`,
       then `install-precommit`, plus repo-specific init
-- [ ] `script/test` / `make test` — `docker build --no-cache --target test .`,
+- [ ] `script/test` / `make test` —
-      tagged; the phase runs real tests, not a no-op (90-second timeout,
+      `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --target test --output type=cacheonly .`,
-      60-second hard cap on wall time)
+      which writes no image; the phase runs real tests, not a no-op (90-second
-- [ ] `script/lint` / `make lint` — `docker build --no-cache --target lint .`,
+      timeout, 60-second hard cap on wall time)
-      tagged. No lint verdict may come from a host invocation of the linter.
+- [ ] `script/lint` / `make lint` —
+      `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --target lint --output type=cacheonly .`,
+      which writes no image. No lint verdict may come from a host invocation of
+      the linter.
 - [ ] `script/fmt` / `make fmt` — formats code (writes; native, never in a
       container)
 - [ ] `script/fmt-check` / `make fmt-check` — checks formatting (read-only;
@@ -149,20 +171,26 @@ are thin shims calling them. Model scripts:
 - [ ] `script/projectname` — outputs the project name (used by `script/docker`
       for the image tag)
 - [ ] `script/docker` / `make docker` — builds Docker image, tagged via
-      `script/projectname` (byte-identical across repos); `--no-cache`, plus the
+      `script/projectname` (byte-identical across repos); a new `CACHEBUST`
-      version as a build arg
+      value on every build, plus the version as a build arg
 - [ ] `script/cibuild` — cd to repo root, run `script/bootstrap`, run
       `script/check`, then
-      `docker build --no-cache --build-arg VERSION="$version" .` (what CI runs).
+      `docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" --build-arg VERSION="$version" -t "$tag" .`
+      (what CI runs), with `$version` from
+      `git describe --tags --always --dirty` (`unknown` if empty) and `$tag`
+      from `script/projectname`, each assigned on its own line before the build.
       The bootstrap is required: CI checks out and runs this alone, and
       `script/fmt-check` runs the formatter on the host.
-- [ ] `script/fmt` and `script/fmt-check` source nvm for the pinned node version
+- [ ] `script/fmt` and `script/fmt-check` pick their `yarn` with the same test
-      before invoking `yarn`, as `script/bootstrap`'s own install step does.
+      as `script/bootstrap`: the `yarn` on `PATH` when the node on `PATH` has
-      `script/bootstrap` leaves the node and yarn it installs off the `PATH` of
+      the pinned major version, and otherwise yarn under the pinned node, with
-      the shell that called it, so a bare `yarn` exits 127 on a runner carrying
+      nvm loaded through `$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh`. `script/bootstrap` leaves the node
-      nothing but docker and git.
+      and yarn it installs under nvm off the `PATH` of the shell that called it,
-- [ ] Every `docker build` in `script/` is tagged, so no invocation leaves a
+      so a bare `yarn` exits 127 on a runner carrying nothing but docker and
-      dangling image behind
+      git, or runs under another node.
+- [ ] No `docker build` in `script/` leaves a dangling image behind:
+      `script/lint` and `script/test` write no image, and `script/docker` and
+      `script/cibuild` tag theirs
 - [ ] `script/precommit` — called by the pre-commit hook; runs `script/check`
 - [ ] `script/install-precommit` — installs the pre-commit hook that runs
       `script/precommit`
@@ -174,10 +202,11 @@ are thin shims calling them. Model scripts:
 
 - [ ] `make check` passes
 - [ ] `make docker` succeeds
-- [ ] `script/cibuild` succeeds in a fresh clone on a host carrying nothing but
+- [ ] `script/cibuild` succeeds in a fresh clone on a host carrying what CI has
-      docker and git, with no node or yarn on `PATH`, which is what CI has, and
+      (the runner image `docker.gitea.com/runner-images:ubuntu-latest`: docker,
-      demonstrably executed the checks — a sub-second build, or `CACHED` on a
+      git and node 24, with no yarn on `PATH`), and demonstrably executed the
-      gate layer, means nothing ran
+      checks — a sub-second build, or `CACHED` on a gate's `RUN` step, means
+      nothing ran
 - [ ] Plant a lint violation and confirm both `make lint` and a plain
       `docker build .` fail on it; revert. A plain build that passes proves the
       final stage is missing its `COPY --from=` edge to the gate phases.

prompts/REPO_POLICIES.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ---
 title: Repository Policies
-last_modified: 2026-10-06
+last_modified: 2026-10-15
 ---
 
 This document covers repository structure, tooling, and workflow standards. Code
@@ -54,34 +54,39 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
   `cibuild`. `script/bootstrap` installs all dependencies idempotently and
   assumes nothing is present: base tools come from nix, apt, brew, or apk
   (detected in that order; apt runs noninteractive). For node it uses the
-  installed node if present; otherwise it installs a PINNED node version via
+  installed node only when its major version is the pinned one; otherwise (node
-  nvm, first installing nvm itself if missing — from a hash-verified GitHub
+  missing, or another major, such as the node 24 the CI runner image ships) it
-  release archive (never `curl | sh`), with bash installed as an explicit
+  installs the PINNED node version via nvm and installs yarn and the packages
-  prerequisite since nvm requires bash. yarn is then pinned via
+  under it. nvm itself is installed first if missing, from a hash-verified
-  `corepack prepare yarn@<version> --activate`. Never install "latest" or "lts";
+  GitHub release archive (never `curl | sh`), with bash installed as an explicit
-  always exact versions. `script/cibuild` runs the CI build: it changes to the
+  prerequisite since nvm requires bash. Only the major version is compared
-  repo root, runs `script/bootstrap`, runs `script/check`, and builds the image
+  because the `Dockerfile` stages start from a node image whose exact version is
-  with the version; the Gitea workflow calls it. **`script/cibuild` runs
+  not the pin, and nvm cannot install a prebuilt node on alpine. yarn is pinned
+  via `corepack prepare yarn@<version> --activate`. Never install "latest" or
+  "lts"; always exact versions. `script/cibuild` runs the CI build: it changes
+  to the repo root, runs `script/bootstrap`, runs `script/check`, and builds the
+  image with the version; the Gitea workflow calls it. **`script/cibuild` runs
   `script/bootstrap` first**, because the workflow checks out the repo and runs
   nothing else, while `script/fmt-check` runs the formatter on the host: on a
   pristine checkout with nothing installed the run dies there, after the
-  containerised gates have passed. **The bootstrap alone is not enough**:
+  containerised gates have passed. **The bootstrap alone is not enough**: when
-  `script/bootstrap` installs node and yarn under nvm and leaves neither on the
+  `script/bootstrap` installs node and yarn under nvm it leaves neither on the
-  `PATH` of the shell that called it, so a bare `yarn` still exits 127. The host
+  `PATH` of the shell that called it, so a bare `yarn` either exits 127 or runs
-  entrypoints that need yarn — `script/fmt` and `script/fmt-check` — therefore
+  under another node. The host entrypoints that need yarn — `script/fmt` and
-  source nvm for the pinned node version before invoking it, exactly as
+  `script/fmt-check` — therefore use the same test as `script/bootstrap`: when
-  `script/bootstrap`'s own install step does. A runner carrying nothing but
+  the node on `PATH` has the pinned major version they run the `yarn` on `PATH`,
-  docker and git then gets through `script/check`. Four further scripts are our
+  and otherwise they load nvm through `$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh` and run yarn under the
-  own extensions to the standard: `script/check` runs `script/test`,
+  pinned node. A runner carrying nothing but docker and git then gets through
-  `script/lint` and `script/fmt-check`; `script/precommit` is what the git
+  `script/check`. Four further scripts are our own extensions to the standard:
-  pre-commit hook runs, and it calls `script/check`; `script/install-precommit`
+  `script/check` runs `script/test`, `script/lint` and `script/fmt-check`;
-  installs the git pre-commit hook (the `make hooks` target shims to it); and
+  `script/precommit` is what the git pre-commit hook runs, and it calls
-  `script/projectname` (literally that filename) simply outputs the project's
+  `script/check`; `script/install-precommit` installs the git pre-commit hook
-  name. Scripts that need the name call `script/projectname` — e.g.
+  (the `make hooks` target shims to it); and `script/projectname` (literally
-  `script/docker` assembles its image tag from it — so those scripts stay
+  that filename) simply outputs the project's name. Scripts that need the name
-  byte-identical across all repos. Repo-type-specific pre-commit extras (e.g.
+  call `script/projectname` — e.g. `script/docker` assembles its image tag from
-  `go mod tidy` verification in Go repos) belong in `script/precommit`, not in
+  it — so those scripts stay byte-identical across all repos. Repo-type-specific
-  the hook itself. Model scripts are at
+  pre-commit extras (e.g. `go mod tidy` verification in Go repos) belong in
+  `script/precommit`, not in the hook itself. Model scripts are at
   `https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/prompts/raw/branch/main/script/<name>`. The README
   must document the provided scripts in an **Entrypoints** section (see the
   README requirements below).
@@ -118,9 +123,10 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
   and nothing else:
 
     ```sh
-    tag="$(script/projectname)"
+    docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" \
-    docker build --no-cache --target lint -t "$tag-lint" .
+        --target lint --output type=cacheonly .
-    docker build --no-cache --target test -t "$tag-test" .
+    docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" \
+        --target test --output type=cacheonly .
     ```
 
     **A stage that is not the last one in the file is built only when the final
@@ -130,11 +136,14 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
     plain `docker build .` builds the last stage alone and exits 0 having linted
     and tested nothing.
 
-    **Every `docker build` in `script/` is tagged**, here and in
+    **The gate builds write no image.** With `--output type=cacheonly` the phase
-    `script/cibuild` and `script/docker`. An untagged build leaves a dangling
+    runs and a failing step fails the build, but the result is not exported.
-    image behind on every invocation, on every developer host and every CI
+    Nothing uses those images, and writing one out is slow: a Go test phase's
-    runner; a tagged one replaces the previous image. Each script assigns the
+    image holds the toolchain. A build given neither `--output` nor `-t` writes
-    tag on its own line before the build, so `set -e` stops it where
+    an untagged image and leaves it dangling, on every developer host and every
+    CI runner. `script/cibuild` and `script/docker` build the image that ships
+    and tag it, so each build replaces the previous image; each assigns the tag
+    on its own line before the build, so `set -e` stops it where
     `script/projectname` fails.
 
     Inside a phase the tool is invoked directly — `golangci-lint`, `go test`,
@@ -150,22 +159,33 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
     one's findings, and a host-global lock in `$TMPDIR` makes concurrent runs
     exit non-zero with `parallel golangci-lint is running` — a status a caller
     cannot tell from real findings. Both have produced wrong verdicts in this
-    org, in both directions. A container has its own cache, its own `TMPDIR` and
+    org, in both directions. A container has its own golangci-lint cache, its
-    a digest-pinned binary, so neither is reachable.
+    own `TMPDIR` and a digest-pinned binary, so neither is reachable.
 
-- **Any build that runs checks is built with `--no-cache`.** Docker invalidates
+- **Any build that runs checks is given a new `CACHEBUST` value.** Docker
-  a `COPY` layer only when the copied content changes, so on an unchanged tree
+  invalidates a `COPY` layer only when the copied content changes, so on an
-  the check `RUN` is served from cache, nothing executes, and the build still
+  unchanged tree the check `RUN` is served from cache, nothing executes, and the
-  exits 0. Every `docker build` in `script/` therefore passes `--no-cache`:
+  build still exits 0. Every `docker build` in `script/` therefore passes
-  `script/lint`, `script/test`, `script/cibuild` and `script/docker` are the
+  `--build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$"`, the time and the script's process
-  four, and there is no fifth — `script/check` runs the two gate phases and
+  id, so no two builds share a value, not even the three in one
-  `script/fmt-check`, and builds no image of its own. A bare `docker build .` is
+  `script/cibuild`. `script/lint`, `script/test`, `script/cibuild` and
-  not evidence that anything ran: a sub-second build reporting success is a
+  `script/docker` are the four, and there is no fifth — `script/check` runs the
-  cache hit, not a result. Never invalidate by pruning — `docker builder prune`
+  two gate phases and `script/fmt-check`, and builds no image of its own. Every
-  and friends destroy a build cache shared with every other build on the host.
+  stage of the `Dockerfile` declares `ARG CACHEBUST` as its first line after
-  When a check is added or changed, prove it works by planting a defect it must
+  `FROM`, and a new value reruns every `RUN` step after that line; `COPY` steps
-  catch and watching the run fail on it, then revert the defect. A green run
+  are compared by content and need nothing. A stage without the `ARG` line is
-  alone shows neither that the check ran nor that it covers what it should.
+  served from cache on an unchanged tree, so a repository re-vendors the scripts
+  and adds the `ARG` lines in one commit. The scripts do not pass `--no-cache`:
+  it reruns every step too, but it also empties every cache mount, and Go's
+  build cache, which the canonical Go `Dockerfile` below mounts so that compiled
+  packages survive between check builds, would start empty every time. A bare
+  `docker build .` is not evidence that anything ran: a sub-second build
+  reporting success is a cache hit, not a result. Never invalidate by pruning —
+  `docker builder prune` and friends destroy a build cache shared with every
+  other build on the host. When a check is added or changed, prove it works by
+  planting a defect it must catch and watching the run fail on it, then revert
+  the defect. A green run alone shows neither that the check ran nor that it
+  covers what it should.
 
 - **The gate phases are separate stages, and the build stage depends on both.**
   The lint phase is based on the `golangci/golangci-lint` image (pinned by
@@ -174,32 +194,42 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
   `Dockerfile`:
 
     ```dockerfile
+    # Every stage declares ARG CACHEBUST first: script/ passes a new value
+    # on every build, which reruns every RUN step after it. The steps that
+    # compile mount Go's build cache, which survives from build to build.
+
     # Lint phase
     # golangci/golangci-lint:v2.x.x, YYYY-MM-DD
     FROM golangci/golangci-lint@sha256:... AS lint
+    ARG CACHEBUST
     WORKDIR /src
     COPY go.mod go.sum ./
     RUN go mod download
     COPY . .
-    RUN golangci-lint run --config .golangci.yml ./...
+    RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+        golangci-lint run --config .golangci.yml ./...
 
     # Test phase. -race needs cgo and so a C compiler, which the Debian Go
-    # image ships and the alpine one does not.
+    # image ships and the alpine one does not. -count=1 because the mounted
+    # cache also holds test results, which go test would otherwise replay.
     # golang:1.x, YYYY-MM-DD
     FROM golang@sha256:... AS test
+    ARG CACHEBUST
     WORKDIR /src
     COPY go.mod go.sum ./
     RUN go mod download
     COPY . .
-    RUN go test -timeout 90s -race -cover ./... || \
+    RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+        go test -count=1 -timeout 90s -race -cover ./... || \
         { echo "--- Rerunning with -v for details ---"; \
-          go test -timeout 90s -race -v ./...; exit 1; }
+          go test -count=1 -timeout 90s -race -v ./...; exit 1; }
 
     # Build stage. Nothing is wanted from either phase above; the copies
     # are what make BuildKit build them first, so this stage cannot run
     # unless lint and test passed.
     # golang:1.x-alpine, YYYY-MM-DD
     FROM golang@sha256:... AS builder
+    ARG CACHEBUST
     COPY --from=lint /src/go.sum /dev/null
     COPY --from=test /src/go.sum /dev/null
     RUN apk add --no-cache git
@@ -215,7 +245,8 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
     # .git present, a version that is still empty, dev or unknown fails the
     # build: git is missing or could not read the checkout.
     ARG VERSION
-    RUN VERSION="${VERSION:-$(git describe --tags --always)}"; \
+    RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+        VERSION="${VERSION:-$(git describe --tags --always)}"; \
         if [ -e .git ]; then \
             case "$VERSION" in ""|dev|unknown) \
                 echo "version is '$VERSION' although .git is present" >&2; \
@@ -228,6 +259,7 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
 
     # Runtime stage, and the last one
     FROM alpine@sha256:...
+    ARG CACHEBUST
     COPY --from=builder /app /usr/local/bin/app
     ENTRYPOINT ["app"]
     ```
@@ -242,6 +274,16 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
     - Keep the runtime stage last, and if you add a stage after it, give it the
       same two copies. A plain `docker build .` builds the last stage's chain
       and nothing else.
+    - Only Go's build cache is mounted (`/root/.cache/go-build`, where Go keeps
+      it for root), and only on the steps that compile: `golangci-lint run`,
+      both `go test` runs and `go build`. It keeps compiled packages between
+      check builds, and Go reuses one only when all its inputs are unchanged, so
+      it saves the compile without skipping a check. Nothing else is kept:
+      golangci-lint's own cache would replay stored findings in place of a lint
+      run, and Go builds from whatever files a kept module cache holds without
+      checking them again (only `go mod verify` does), so a file changed there
+      would go unnoticed. Go's build cache also holds test results, which is why
+      both `go test` runs carry `-count=1`.
     - If the project uses `//go:embed` directives that reference build artifacts
       (e.g. a web frontend compiled in a separate stage), the lint phase must
       create placeholder files so the embed directives resolve. Example:
@@ -281,26 +323,39 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
       `.git` and the version still comes out empty, `dev` or `unknown`. A plain
       `docker build .` with no build arguments must succeed; a Dockerfile that
       refuses an empty build argument drops that refusal and keeps the argument.
+      A checkout whose `.git` is a file (a linked worktree, or a repository
+      checked out as a submodule) is the exception: that file points to a git
+      directory outside the build context, so the build cannot read the version
+      and a plain `docker build .` fails; pass the version with
+      `--build-arg VERSION=...`, as `script/docker` and `script/cibuild` already
+      do.
 
 - Every repo should have a Gitea Actions workflow (`.gitea/workflows/`) that
   runs `script/cibuild` on push, and checks out the repo as its only other step,
   with `persist-credentials: false`: `script/cibuild` needs no token, and
   without it the checkout leaves the job's token in `.git/config` for every
-  later step. Its `concurrency` block groups runs by workflow and branch
+  later step. The checkout step also sets `fetch-depth: 0`, which fetches the
+  tags `git describe` needs: by default it clones shallow with no tags, and a
+  tagged repository's CI build would stamp a bare short commit id. The
+  workflow's `concurrency` block groups runs by workflow and branch
   (`${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}`) with `cancel-in-progress: true`,
   so a new push cancels the older run on the same branch, queued or running, and
   no other: runs for replaced commits do not hold up the shared runner.
   `script/cibuild` bootstraps, runs the gate phases, and then builds the image,
   so a successful run means every check passed; a bare `docker build .` does not
   carry the same guarantee, because its gate phases may come from the cache. The
-  image build is uncached and so runs the gate phases a second time. That is the
+  image build gets a `CACHEBUST` value of its own and so runs the gate phases a
-  price of the rule above, and it is worth paying: the image that ships is built
+  second time. That is the price of the rule above, and it is worth paying: the
-  from a run of its own gates rather than from a cache entry. A separate
+  image that ships is built from a run of its own gates rather than from a cache
-  workflow limited to `main` by a `branches` list under `on: push` cannot be
+  entry. The `check` job sets `timeout-minutes: 20`, so a hung build frees the
-  checked by review: to try a change to it, add the feature branch to that list
+  shared runner after 20 minutes. That allows for the three Docker builds
-  and push, then remove the branch from the list again before merging. Keep any
+  described above (the test phase, the lint phase, then the image), each held to
-  job in it that publishes behind `if: github.ref_name == 'main'`, so the run
+  the 5-minute Docker build limit below, plus the bootstrap. A separate workflow
-  from the feature branch publishes nothing.
+  limited to `main` by a `branches` list under `on: push` cannot be checked by
+  review: to try a change to it, add the feature branch to that list and push,
+  then remove the branch from the list again before merging. Keep any job in it
+  that publishes behind `if: github.ref_name == 'main'`, so the run from the
+  feature branch publishes nothing.
 
 - Use platform-standard formatters: `black` for Python, `prettier` for
   JS/CSS/Markdown/HTML, `go fmt` for Go. Always use default configuration with
@@ -360,12 +415,11 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
     That cache is Go's own, separate from Docker's layer cache. Go stores a
     passing result in its cache directory (`GOCACHE`), and when the same tests
     run again on unchanged code it prints that result, marked `(cached)`,
-    without running them. That matters on a developer's machine, where this
+    without running them. The directory lasts from one run to the next on a
-    target runs and the directory lasts from one run to the next. The `test`
+    developer's machine, where this target runs, and in the `test` phase of the
-    phase of the `Dockerfile` needs no `-count=1`: its base image holds no
+    `Dockerfile`, which mounts it to keep compiled packages between check
-    result for this repo's tests and nothing before its `go test` step runs a
+    builds, so the phase's `go test` runs carry `-count=1` too. A new
-    test, so there is nothing to replay. `--no-cache` (above) is what makes that
+    `CACHEBUST` value (above) is what makes that step run on an unchanged tree.
-    step run on an unchanged tree.
 
     Python example:
 
@@ -452,7 +506,7 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
     version="$(git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || true)"
     [ -n "$version" ] || version="unknown"
     tag="$(script/projectname)"
-    docker build --no-cache \
+    docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" \
         --build-arg VERSION="$version" \
         -t "$tag" .
     ```
@@ -534,6 +588,11 @@ style conventions are in separate documents:
       function defined and never invoked has the same exit status and the same
       empty output as one that worked.
 
+    Node is the exception to the whole-token comparison: the canonical
+    `script/bootstrap` compares only its major version, because the node 22
+    alpine image the `Dockerfile` stages start from is not the exact pin, and
+    nvm cannot install a prebuilt node on alpine.
+
     Keep it POSIX sh: no arrays, no `[[`, no `grep -P`.
 
     A Go tool a repo needs on the host is installed with `go install` pinned to

script/bootstrap

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 # script/bootstrap: install all dependencies needed to build and develop
 # this repo. Idempotent: every install is guarded by a check so already
 # installed tools are skipped. Base tooling comes from nix, apt, brew,
-# or apk (detected in that order); assumes nothing is present. Node is
+# or apk (detected in that order); assumes nothing is present. The
-# used directly if installed; otherwise it is installed at a pinned
+# installed node is used only when its major version is the pinned one;
-# version via nvm (installing nvm itself first, from a hash-verified
+# otherwise (node missing, or another major) the pinned version is
-# release archive, never curl | sh).
+# installed via nvm (installing nvm itself first, from a hash-verified
+# release archive, never curl | sh), and yarn and the packages are
+# installed under it.
 set -eu
 
 ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd -P)"
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ YARN_VERSION="1.22.22"
 
 PKGMGR=""
 SUDO=""
+APT_UPDATED=""
 
 detect_pkgmgr() {
     [ -n "$PKGMGR" ] && return 0
@@ -47,7 +50,14 @@ pkg_install() {
     detect_pkgmgr
     case "$PKGMGR" in
         nix) nix-env -iA "nixpkgs.$1" ;;
-        apt) $SUDO env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y "$2" ;;
+        apt)
+            # Package lists may be empty (fresh images); refresh once per run.
+            if [ -z "$APT_UPDATED" ]; then
+                $SUDO env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get update
+                APT_UPDATED=1
+            fi
+            $SUDO env DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y "$2"
+            ;;
         brew) brew install "$3" ;;
         apk) apk add --no-cache "$4" ;;
     esac
@@ -92,31 +102,52 @@ ensure_nvm() {
     rm -rf "$tmp"
 }
 
+# True when the node on PATH has the pinned major version. Only the
+# major is compared: the Dockerfile stages start from a node 22 alpine
+# image whose exact version is not the pin, and nvm cannot install a
+# prebuilt node on alpine. Another major is not used: the pinned yarn 1
+# prints a deprecation warning under node 24. script/fmt and
+# script/fmt-check carry this function unchanged, to run the yarn
+# installed here.
+node_is_pinned_major() {
+    if ! command -v node >/dev/null 2>&1; then return 1; fi
+    installed="$(node --version)"
+    installed="${installed#v}"
+    [ "${installed%%.*}" = "${NODE_VERSION%%.*}" ]
+}
+
 ensure_node() {
-    if ! missing node; then return 0; fi
+    if node_is_pinned_major; then
+        echo "bootstrap: using node $(node --version)"
+        return 0
+    fi
     ensure_nvm
     nvm_sh "nvm install $NODE_VERSION"
+    nvm_sh "nvm use $NODE_VERSION >/dev/null && \
+        echo \"bootstrap: using node \$(node --version)\""
 }
 
 ensure_yarn() {
+    if ! node_is_pinned_major; then
+        nvm_sh "nvm use $NODE_VERSION >/dev/null && corepack enable && \
+            corepack prepare yarn@$YARN_VERSION --activate"
+        return 0
+    fi
     if ! missing yarn; then return 0; fi
     if ! missing corepack; then
         corepack enable
         corepack prepare "yarn@$YARN_VERSION" --activate
-    elif [ -s "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh" ]; then
-        nvm_sh "nvm use $NODE_VERSION >/dev/null && corepack enable && \
-            corepack prepare yarn@$YARN_VERSION --activate"
     else
         npm install -g "yarn@$YARN_VERSION"
     fi
 }
 
 install_js_deps() {
-    if missing yarn && [ -s "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh" ]; then
+    if node_is_pinned_major; then
+        yarn install --frozen-lockfile
+    else
         nvm_sh "nvm use $NODE_VERSION >/dev/null && cd \"$ROOT\" && \
             yarn install --frozen-lockfile"
-    else
-        yarn install --frozen-lockfile
     fi
 }
 

script/cibuild

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 # script/cibuild: run the CI build. It bootstraps first: a CI runner
 # checks out and runs this and nothing else, and script/fmt-check runs
 # the formatter on the host, which a pristine checkout cannot do.
-# --no-cache for the same reason as script/docker: the gate phases the
+# A new CACHEBUST value reruns every RUN step, since a cached gate phase
-# final stage depends on are RUN steps, and a cached one is a check that
+# is a check that did not run; unlike --no-cache, it keeps Go's build cache.
-# did not run.
+# This relies on every stage of the Dockerfile declaring ARG CACHEBUST
+# first; a stage without that line is served from cache on an unchanged
+# tree, with no warning.
 set -eu
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ main() {
     version="$(git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || true)"
     [ -n "$version" ] || version="unknown"
     tag="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/projectname")"
-    docker build --no-cache \
+    docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" \
         --build-arg VERSION="$version" \
         -t "$tag" .
 }

script/docker

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # script/docker: build the Docker image tagged with the project name.
 # Identical in all repos; the tag comes from script/projectname.
-# --no-cache because the gate phases the final stage depends on are RUN
+# A new CACHEBUST value reruns every RUN step, since a cached gate phase
-# steps, and a cached one is a check that did not run.
+# is a check that did not run; unlike --no-cache, it keeps Go's build cache.
+# This relies on every stage of the Dockerfile declaring ARG CACHEBUST
+# first; a stage without that line is served from cache on an unchanged
+# tree, with no warning.
 set -eu
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ main() {
     version="$(git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || true)"
     [ -n "$version" ] || version="unknown"
     tag="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/projectname")"
-    docker build --no-cache \
+    docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" \
         --build-arg VERSION="$version" \
         -t "$tag" .
 }

script/fmt

@@ -7,15 +7,25 @@ ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd -P)"
 # Must match the pin in script/bootstrap.
 NODE_VERSION="22.17.0"
 
-# script/bootstrap installs node and yarn under nvm and leaves neither
+# True when the node on PATH has the pinned major version: the same
-# on the PATH of the shell that called it, so resolve the pinned
+# function as in script/bootstrap, which uses it to decide where it
-# toolchain here the way bootstrap's own install step does. nvm is a
+# installs yarn.
-# bash script, hence the subshell.
+node_is_pinned_major() {
+    if ! command -v node >/dev/null 2>&1; then return 1; fi
+    installed="$(node --version)"
+    installed="${installed#v}"
+    [ "${installed%%.*}" = "${NODE_VERSION%%.*}" ]
+}
+
+# Run the yarn script/bootstrap installed: the yarn on PATH when the
+# node on PATH has the pinned major version, and otherwise yarn under
+# the pinned node in nvm, which bootstrap leaves off the PATH of the
+# shell that called it. nvm is a bash script, hence the subshell.
 run_yarn() {
-    if command -v yarn >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if node_is_pinned_major && command -v yarn >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         exec yarn "$@"
     fi
-    if [ ! -s "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh" ]; then
+    if node_is_pinned_major || [ ! -s "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh" ]; then
         echo "fmt: no yarn; run script/bootstrap first" >&2
         exit 1
     fi

script/fmt-check

@@ -7,15 +7,25 @@ ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd -P)"
 # Must match the pin in script/bootstrap.
 NODE_VERSION="22.17.0"
 
-# script/bootstrap installs node and yarn under nvm and leaves neither
+# True when the node on PATH has the pinned major version: the same
-# on the PATH of the shell that called it, so resolve the pinned
+# function as in script/bootstrap, which uses it to decide where it
-# toolchain here the way bootstrap's own install step does. nvm is a
+# installs yarn.
-# bash script, hence the subshell.
+node_is_pinned_major() {
+    if ! command -v node >/dev/null 2>&1; then return 1; fi
+    installed="$(node --version)"
+    installed="${installed#v}"
+    [ "${installed%%.*}" = "${NODE_VERSION%%.*}" ]
+}
+
+# Run the yarn script/bootstrap installed: the yarn on PATH when the
+# node on PATH has the pinned major version, and otherwise yarn under
+# the pinned node in nvm, which bootstrap leaves off the PATH of the
+# shell that called it. nvm is a bash script, hence the subshell.
 run_yarn() {
-    if command -v yarn >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if node_is_pinned_major && command -v yarn >/dev/null 2>&1; then
         exec yarn "$@"
     fi
-    if [ ! -s "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh" ]; then
+    if node_is_pinned_major || [ ! -s "$HOME/.nvm/nvm.sh" ]; then
         echo "fmt-check: no yarn; run script/bootstrap first" >&2
         exit 1
     fi

script/lint

@@ -5,9 +5,12 @@
 # make its answer untrustworthy.
 #
 # The phase is not the last stage in the file, so it is built only when
-# --target names it. --no-cache because a cached lint layer is a lint
+# --target names it. A new CACHEBUST value reruns every RUN step, since
-# that did not run. The tag makes each build replace the previous image
+# a cached lint layer is a lint that did not run; unlike --no-cache, it
-# instead of leaving a dangling one behind.
+# keeps Go's build cache. This relies on every stage of the Dockerfile
+# declaring ARG CACHEBUST first; a stage without that line is served
+# from cache on an unchanged tree, with no warning.
+# --output type=cacheonly writes no image, since nothing uses one.
 set -eu
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
@@ -15,13 +18,9 @@ ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd -P)"
 
 main() {
     cd "$ROOT"
-    # The tag gets its own line: a failing command substitution inside
+    docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" \
-    # an argument does not trip `set -e`, so the inline form degrades
-    # silently to an empty constant.
-    tag="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/projectname")"
-    docker build --no-cache \
         --target lint \
-        -t "$tag-lint" .
+        --output type=cacheonly .
 }
 
 main "$@"

script/test

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 # script/test: run the test suite. Testing is a phase of the Dockerfile
 # and this builds that phase alone, on the same terms as script/lint:
 # --target because a phase that is not the last stage is built only when
-# named, --no-cache because a cached test layer is a test that did not
+# named, and a new CACHEBUST value because a cached test layer is a test
-# run, and a tag so each build replaces the previous image.
+# that did not run; unlike --no-cache, it keeps Go's build cache. This
+# relies on every stage of the Dockerfile declaring ARG CACHEBUST first;
+# a stage without that line is served from cache on an unchanged tree,
+# with no warning. --output type=cacheonly writes no image, since
+# nothing uses one.
 set -eu
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
@@ -11,13 +15,9 @@ ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd -P)"
 
 main() {
     cd "$ROOT"
-    # The tag gets its own line: a failing command substitution inside
+    docker build --build-arg CACHEBUST="$(date +%s)-$$" \
-    # an argument does not trip `set -e`, so the inline form degrades
-    # silently to an empty constant.
-    tag="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/projectname")"
-    docker build --no-cache \
         --target test \
-        -t "$tag-test" .
+        --output type=cacheonly .
 }
 
 main "$@"