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README.md
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README.md
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# osximage
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# bugs
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This is a repo for building an NBI (never-booted image) of an OS X (pron: oh ess **ten**) root partition, which can be easily and quickly (<10m) imaged onto a Mac with the `asr` utility readily available on OSX boot media.
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* is slow
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## TODO / Known Bugs
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* `new-system-setup` tries to update some system python packages that are protected by System Integrity Protection and fails.
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* fix: move those packages to the `new-user-setup` script instead (`pip install --user $PKG`)
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* a wrong password passed to `fdesetup` in `new-system-setup` offers no attempt to retry
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* fix: put in shell loop based on exit code
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# HOWTO: Creating the NBI
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## Prerequisites
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Per AutoDMG, you have to be on the same OS as you're building. To build a 10.12 image, the build system must be running Sierra.
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* Install the following to /Applications:
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* `Xcode.app`
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* pkg offline non-app-store version available [here](https://developer.apple.com/download/more/)] (requires appleId but does not developer membership)
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* `Install macOS Sierra.app`
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* [free download via App Store](https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/macos-sierra/id1127487414)
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* `AutoDMG.app`
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* [GitHub Download](https://github.com/MagerValp/AutoDMG/releases)
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* `CreateUserPkg.app`
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* [GitHub Pages Download](http://magervalp.github.io/CreateUserPkg/)
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* create `~/Documents/packages.10.12`
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* put in all those apple printer driver `pkg`s you can download
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* the "enhanced dictation" offline speech recognition 800mb `pkg` that system preferences will download if you ask it
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* run [this](https://gist.github.com/sneak/958df7165ce5b9e4dd4c89da5764a8e1) while it's downloading to find the temp file, then hardlink it to `whatever.pkg`
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* any other packages you want preinstalled on the root but not:
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* Virtualbox (won't work unless installed from inside the running OS for some reason)
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## My `packages.10.12`
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```
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48516a7b6e5286cc44ab30ff3c5aa171e0888519 200.BrotherPrinterDrivers.pkg
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ebf0abac1483fd6de9262e92b047dcc80ceabeab 200.CanonPrinterDrivers.pkg
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b8442185bfa0e182b84a7f6f5f298deb04d81a74 200.EPSONPrinterDrivers.pkg
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2cd5d3bfc434226125d068bb09e90cbb2157a7ba 200.FujiXeroxPrinterDrivers.pkg
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f44f5769579f3be7a771f54690de221e04f496cf 200.HewlettPackardPrinterDrivers.pkg
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9c303c08e76aaef2fc9d1599aeea9ff15e8bce2b 200.InfoPrintPrinterDrivers.pkg
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c45d3616f5995846313b9afc159ca6793b00ed08 200.LanierPrinterDrivers.pkg
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9bcdb8492b00b0d7079dde23e1db4ac8da4fe0c0 200.LexmarkPrinterDrivers.pkg
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c6218afb33b68fe6fab803d5b327e4f628857039 200.RicohPrinterDrivers.pkg
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1ef9a998e680df23ca0cf8ba1426ed7673a2c37a 200.SamsungPrinterDrivers.pkg
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df267df6198781d3fae736112a66a4a150c46b67 200.SavinPrinterDrivers.pkg
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59b0306fe33693a73dc709641262f0ed2d63285a 200.XeroxPrinterDrivers.pkg
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b77920f32f36f3229611ea0e10c01f2dad157ceb 20161003.EnhancedDictation.pkg
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```
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## Build Image
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Finally, just run `make` in the cloned repo to build the NBI. You will need to enter your sudo password up front, **but don't go get coffee yet**... AutoDMG will ask for it again about 30-60 seconds later. *Then* go and kill an hour.
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The OSX Installer .app, AutoDMG, CreateUserPkg, and Xcode (for `make`) will all be included in the built image, so if you're *using* the image so built it will have everything you need to make further images later.
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If you aren't installing any extra packages, edit the `Makefile` to remove the `~/packages.10.12/*.pkg` part.
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It writes the image as it's building to /tmp (to leverage fast internal SSD in case your `osximage` clone is on removable media) then moves it to the repo directory in the last step.
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# HOWTO: Imaging A Mac
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## Before You Begin
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Get all data to be saved *off* of target system. Recommended: install Google Drive and log in to your Google account and put everything to be saved in there. Wait for sync (upload) to complete.
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## Create bootable USB media
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* Install OS installer .app bundle to /Applications
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* Insert USB3 media. 64GB or larger to store OS installer and image.
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e.g. USB disk named "Untitled":
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sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia \
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--volume /Volumes/Untitled \
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--applicationpath "/Applications/Install macOS Sierra.app"
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## Copy image to USB
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Copy the never-booted disk image (nbi) ending with `.dmg` to the root of the newly-imaged bootable USB disk, alongside the installer `.app` the `createinstallmedia` tool placed on the disk.
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## Image Mac
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* Insert the bootable USB drive into the machine to be imaged and boot holding the Option key on a wired keyboard. (Alt on a PC keyboard.)
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* Select `Terminal` from the `Utilities` menu.
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* Run the following commands:
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### Repartition and Reformat disk0
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⚠️⚠️ **This will delete all data on the internal disk. Proceed with caution.** ⚠️⚠️
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`diskutil partitionDisk /dev/disk0 1 GPT jhfs+ root R`
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### Write OS NBI to disk0
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`asr restore --source file:///Volumes/Image\ Volume/nbi.dmg --target /Volumes/root --erase`
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# HOWTO: Using the Custom Image
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## 1/4 Initial Password
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* The password for the `admin` user is `admin`. Log in as admin.
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## 2/4 Create User Accounts
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The example user in this document is John P Smith, username `jps`. Replace the name and username with your own.
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* Create an administrator user account for yourself.
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* Username: `jpsadmin`
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* Real Name: `John Smith (admin)`
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* Create a second non-administrator local user account for daily job tasks.
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* Username: `jps`
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* Real Name: `John Smith`
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* Create a third non-administrator local user account `personal` for personal use.
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## 3/4 Set Up Systemwide Configuration
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* Log out of `admin` and into `jpsadmin`.
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* Delete the `admin` user in `System Preferences > Users & Groups`. Choose to delete the user's home folder.
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* Open `System Preferences > Sharing` and set the machine hostname.
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* Connect machine to network (potentially entering wifi password).
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* Open a terminal and run `new-system-setup`. Enter the `jpsadmin` password when initially prompted.
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* When prompted to "Enter the user name:", enter your normal username (e.g. `jps`)
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* This is for FileVault (FDE) to enable the specified user from the encrypted disk.
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* Wait for the script to finish, then enter `sudo reboot`.
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## 4/4 Set Up User-specific Configuration
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* Log in with your normal user. (e.g. `jps`)
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* You may log in to your personal iCloud account/Apple ID, however, **make sure you disable iCloud Drive as soon as you log in**.
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* Uncheck `Store files from Documents and Desktop in iCloud Drive` when prompted!
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* Disable iCloud Drive and Mail in `System Preferences > iCloud` if you logged in to iCloud.
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* Open a terminal, and run `new-user-setup`.
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* This will take a while, as it will be downloading and installing a full set of apps.
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* Log out, and log back in again with the same user so that changed preferences will take effect.
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* Log in to Google Drive (already installed under ~/Applications) with your Google Apps account.
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* Avoid installing any additional software to the machine unless strictly necessary. Prefer web applications and built-in apps.
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* Do not install third-party software to `/Applications` except via the App Store.
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# Credits
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* `DefaultDesktop.jpg`
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* rotated version of [space](http://simpledesktops.com/browse/desktops/2012/feb/19/space-2/) by [Nané](http://www.smplz.com/)
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* other desktops
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* a whole bunch of 5120px wide (5K Retina iMac res) images from [InterfaceLIFT](https://interfacelift.com/wallpaper/downloads/date/wide_16:9/5120x2880/)
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