Rewrite schema/README.md sentence by sentence

Rewrite the description of the JSON Schema files from scratch, without tables. Describe the fields of a message as the HTTP API sends them: the reply name in `command` and its number in `code`. Drop the federation section, which describes nothing the server does. List each place where a schema file disagrees with the HTTP API, so that a reader is not misled. The files themselves are unchanged. Part of #190. Model: fable-5-1 (writing); opus-5-5 (rework)
2026-10-27 14:58:22 +00:00
47 changed files with 3680 additions and 4362 deletions
@@ -1,73 +1,55 @@
-# Rules for coding agents
+# AGENTS.md — Rules for AI Agents
-This file holds the rules for coding agents working in this repository.
+## Before Every Commit
 `CONVENTIONS.md` defines the architecture. `REPO_POLICIES.md` defines the
 repository standards. Both are copies of shared documents. Do not edit them
 here.
-## Before every commit
+1. **Format**: `make fmt`
 2. **Check**: `make check` — the tests and the linter, which run in Docker, and
   the format check: all passing, zero issues
-1. Run `make fmt`.
+Never run `go test`, `golangci-lint` or `gofmt` directly; use the `make`
-2. Run `make check`. It runs the tests and the linter in Docker, then the format
+targets.
   check. All three must pass with no findings.
-Never run `go test`, `golangci-lint` or `gofmt` directly. Use the `make` targets
+No commit lands on main with lint errors, test failures, or formatting issues.
 instead, such as `make test` and `make lint`.
-## Branches and pull requests
+## Code Style
- Never commit to `main` or `next` directly. Every change is a pull request from
+- Follow CONVENTIONS.md exactly — it defines the architecture
-  a feature branch into `next`.
+- All exported types, functions, methods, and vars must have doc comments
- Only the owner merges `next` into `main`.
+- All packages must have a package doc comment
- A pull request that closes an issue has the title `Description (closes #N)`.
+- JSON tags use camelCase (not snake_case)
- One logical change per commit.
+- No magic numbers — use named constants
- Commit messages are in the imperative mood and short.
+- No inline error handling (`if err := ...; err != nil`) — use plain assignment
 - Blank line before every `return` statement
 - Blank line separating embedded fields from regular fields in structs
 - Blank imports must have a justification comment
-## Code style
+## Git Workflow
- Follow `CONVENTIONS.md`.
+- **Never commit directly to main** — all changes go on feature branches
- Every package has a package doc comment. Test files need none.
+- Merge to main only when ready and passing all checks
- Every exported type, function and variable has a doc comment. Test files need
+- PR titles: `Description (closes #N)` when closing an issue
-  none.
+- One logical change per commit
- JSON tags are camelCase. The HTTP API's `last_id`, `pow_token` and
+- Commit messages: imperative mood, concise
  `hashcash_bits` stay as they are, each with a `//nolint:tagliatelle` comment.
 - Prefer named constants to magic numbers. The `mnd` linter checks for them
  outside test files.
 - No inline error handling such as `if err := f(); err != nil`. Assign the error
  on its own line, then test it.
 - A `return` that follows another statement in its block has a blank line before
  it.
 - A blank line between the embedded fields of a struct and its other fields.
 - Every blank import has a comment saying why it is there. Test files need none.
 ## Architecture
- The server uses `go.uber.org/fx` for dependency injection.
+- Dependency injection via Uber fx — all components are fx providers
-  `cmd/neoircd/main.go` lists its `fx` providers, such as `db.New` and
+- `internal/` for all application packages — one package per concern
-  `handlers.New`.
+- Handlers return `http.HandlerFunc` using the closure pattern
- Application packages live under `internal/`, one package per concern.
+- Request/response structs defined inside handler closures
- `pkg/irc` holds the IRC command names and numeric reply codes.
+- Models embed `models.Base` for database access to relation methods
- The `web` package embeds the built web client.
+- Database migrations in `internal/db/schema/` — embedded via `go:embed`
- Each exported `Handle…` method of `Handlers` returns an `http.HandlerFunc`.
+- SQLite by default (pure Go driver: modernc.org/sqlite)
 - A request struct is defined inside the method that decodes it.
 - The server uses the database only through the methods of `db.Database`.
 - The database migrations live in `internal/db/schema/` and are embedded with
  `go:embed`.
 - The database is SQLite, through the pure Go driver `modernc.org/sqlite`.
 ## Testing
- Prefer table-driven tests.
+- Table-driven tests preferred
- Use `testing.T` helpers, not assertion libraries.
+- Use `testing.T` helpers, not assertion libraries
- A test file lives next to the code it tests and ends in `_test.go`.
+- Test files live next to the code they test
- The linter requires each test file to be in the package's external test
+- `_test.go` suffix, same package for white-box testing
  package, such as `handlers_test`. It allows `export_test.go` and files ending
  in `_internal_test.go` in the package itself.
 - An `export_test.go` file gives the external tests access to the package's
  unexported code.
 ## Dependencies
- The required libraries are listed in `CONVENTIONS.md` §1.
+- Required libraries are listed in CONVENTIONS.md §1
- No new dependency without a reason given in the pull request.
+- No new dependencies without justification
- Prefer dependencies written in pure Go, which build without cgo.
+- Pure Go preferred (no CGO)
@@ -34,42 +34,28 @@ type App struct {
 // Run creates and runs the CLI application.
 func Run() {
 	err := run(NewUI())
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }
 // run starts the client on ui and returns when ui stops. Tests
 // call it with ui on a simulation screen.
 func run(ui *UI) error {
 	app := &App{ //nolint:exhaustruct
-		ui:   ui,
+		ui:   NewUI(),
 		nick: "guest",
 	}
 	app.ui.OnInput(app.handleInput)
 	app.ui.SetStatus(app.nick, "", "disconnected")
-	// SetStatus and AddStatus wait for the event loop, which
+	app.ui.AddStatus(
-	// app.ui.Run starts below, so they run on a goroutine. The
+		"Welcome to neoirc-cli — an IRC-style client",
-	// nick is read first, as a typed /nick may change app.nick.
+	)
-	nick := app.nick
+	app.ui.AddStatus(
 		"Type [yellow]/connect <server-url>" +
 			"[white] to begin, " +
 			"or [yellow]/help[white] for commands",
 	)
-	go func() {
+	err := app.ui.Run()
-		app.ui.SetStatus(nick, "", "disconnected")
+	if err != nil {
-
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %v\n", err)
-		app.ui.AddStatus(
+		os.Exit(1)
-			"Welcome to neoirc-cli — an IRC-style client",
+	}
 		)
 		app.ui.AddStatus(
 			"Type [yellow]/connect <server-url>" +
 				"[white] to begin, " +
 				"or [yellow]/help[white] for commands",
 		)
 	}()
 	return app.ui.Run()
 }
 func (a *App) handleInput(text string) {
@@ -108,7 +94,7 @@ func (a *App) handleInput(text string) {
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Send error: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Send error: " + err.Error(),
 		)
 	}
 }
@@ -166,7 +152,7 @@ func (a *App) dispatchInfoCommand(cmd, args string) {
 		a.cmdWhois(args)
 	default:
 		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"[red]Unknown command: " + escape(cmd),
+			"[red]Unknown command: " + cmd,
 		)
 	}
 }
@@ -182,7 +168,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdConnect(serverURL string) {
 	serverURL = strings.TrimRight(serverURL, "/")
-	a.ui.AddStatus("Connecting to " + escape(serverURL) + "...")
+	a.ui.AddStatus("Connecting to " + serverURL + "...")
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	nick := a.nick
@@ -192,37 +178,29 @@ func (a *App) cmdConnect(serverURL string) {
 	resp, err := client.CreateSession(nick)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]Connection failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Connection failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 		return
 	}
 	// The poll loop of an earlier connection is stopped in the same
 	// step that replaces the client, so it never polls with the new
 	// one.
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	a.client = client
 	a.nick = resp.Nick
 	a.connected = true
 	a.lastQID = 0
 	if a.stopPoll != nil {
 		close(a.stopPoll)
 	}
 	stop := make(chan struct{})
 	a.stopPoll = stop
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 	a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[green]Connected! Nick: %s, Session: %d",
-		escape(resp.Nick), resp.ID,
+		resp.Nick, resp.ID,
 	))
 	a.ui.SetStatus(resp.Nick, "", "connected")
-	go a.pollLoop(stop)
+	a.stopPoll = make(chan struct{})
 	go a.pollLoop()
 }
 func (a *App) cmdNick(nick string) {
@@ -244,7 +222,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdNick(nick string) {
 		a.mu.Unlock()
 		a.ui.AddStatus(
-			"Nick set to " + escape(nick) +
+			"Nick set to " + nick +
 				" (will be used on connect)",
 		)
@@ -256,9 +234,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdNick(nick string) {
 		Body:    []string{nick},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]Nick change failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Nick change failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 		return
 	}
@@ -269,7 +247,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdNick(nick string) {
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 	a.ui.SetStatus(nick, target, "connected")
-	a.ui.AddStatus("Nick changed to " + escape(nick))
+	a.ui.AddStatus("Nick changed to " + nick)
 }
 func (a *App) cmdJoin(channel string) {
@@ -297,9 +275,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdJoin(channel string) {
 	err := a.client.JoinChannel(channel)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]Join failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Join failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 		return
 	}
@@ -337,9 +315,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdPart(channel string) {
 	err := a.client.PartChannel(channel)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]Part failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Part failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 		return
 	}
@@ -384,9 +362,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdMsg(args string) {
 		Body:    []string{text},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]Send failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Send failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 	}
 }
@@ -402,16 +380,10 @@ func (a *App) cmdQuery(nick string) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	a.target = nick
 	myNick := a.nick
 	connected := a.connected
 	a.mu.Unlock()
 	connStatus := "disconnected"
 	if connected {
 		connStatus = "connected"
 	}
 	a.ui.SwitchToBuffer(nick)
-	a.ui.SetStatus(myNick, nick, connStatus)
+	a.ui.SetStatus(myNick, nick, "connected")
 }
 func (a *App) cmdTopic(args string) {
@@ -445,9 +417,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdTopic(args string) {
 		Body:    []string{args},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]Topic set failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Topic set failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 	}
 }
@@ -471,9 +443,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdNames() {
 	members, err := a.client.GetMembers(target)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]Names failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]Names failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 		return
 	}
@@ -486,7 +458,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdNames() {
 	a.ui.AddLine(target, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[cyan]*** Members of %s: %s",
-		escape(target), escape(strings.Join(nicks, " ")),
+		target, strings.Join(nicks, " "),
 	))
 }
@@ -517,9 +489,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdList() {
 	channels, err := a.client.ListChannels()
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]List failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]List failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 		return
 	}
@@ -528,7 +500,7 @@ func (a *App) cmdList() {
 	for _, ch := range channels {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"  %s %s", escape(ch.Name), escape(ch.Topic),
+			"  %s %s", ch.Name, ch.Topic,
 		))
 	}
@@ -550,9 +522,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdMotd() {
 		&api.Message{Command: irc.CmdMotd}, //nolint:exhaustruct
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]MOTD failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]MOTD failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 	}
 }
@@ -588,9 +560,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdWho(args string) {
 		},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]WHO failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]WHO failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 	}
 }
@@ -619,9 +591,9 @@ func (a *App) cmdWhois(args string) {
 		},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		a.ui.AddStatus(
+		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[red]WHOIS failed: " + escape(err.Error()),
+			"[red]WHOIS failed: %v", err,
-		)
+		))
 	}
 }
@@ -638,37 +610,24 @@ func (a *App) cmdWindow(args string) {
 	_, _ = fmt.Sscanf(args, "%d", &bufIndex)
 	a.ui.SwitchBuffer(bufIndex)
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	nick := a.nick
 	connected := a.connected
 	a.mu.Unlock()
-	connStatus := "disconnected"
+	if bufIndex >= 0 && bufIndex < a.ui.BufferCount() {
-	if connected {
+		buf := a.ui.buffers[bufIndex]
-		connStatus = "connected"
+		if buf.Name != "(status)" {
 	}
 	// Read the name before switching. A message from the server can
 	// add a buffer at any time, but only at the end, so bufIndex
 	// still names this buffer when SwitchBuffer runs.
 	name, found := a.ui.BufferName(bufIndex)
 	if found {
 		a.ui.SwitchBuffer(bufIndex)
 		if name != "(status)" {
 			a.mu.Lock()
-			a.target = name
+			a.target = buf.Name
 			a.mu.Unlock()
 			a.ui.SetStatus(
-				nick, name, connStatus,
+				nick, buf.Name, "connected",
 			)
 		} else {
-			a.mu.Lock()
+			a.ui.SetStatus(nick, "", "connected")
 			a.target = ""
 			a.mu.Unlock()
 			a.ui.SetStatus(nick, "", connStatus)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -716,23 +675,16 @@ func (a *App) cmdHelp() {
 	}
 }
-// pollLoop long-polls for messages in the background until stop is
+// pollLoop long-polls for messages in the background.
-// closed. A later /connect closes stop under a.mu as it replaces the
+func (a *App) pollLoop() {
 // client and the cursor, so the loop checks stop under a.mu too. A
 // stopped loop then neither polls with the new client nor moves the
 // new cursor.
 func (a *App) pollLoop(stop <-chan struct{}) {
 	for {
 		a.mu.Lock()
 		select {
-		case <-stop:
+		case <-a.stopPoll:
 			a.mu.Unlock()
 			return
 		default:
 		}
 		a.mu.Lock()
 		client := a.client
 		lastQID := a.lastQID
 		a.mu.Unlock()
@@ -750,24 +702,12 @@ func (a *App) pollLoop(stop <-chan struct{}) {
 			continue
 		}
 		// A poll sent before stop was closed answers for the earlier
 		// connection.
 		a.mu.Lock()
 		select {
 		case <-stop:
 			a.mu.Unlock()
 			return
 		default:
 		}
 		if result.LastID > 0 {
 			a.mu.Lock()
 			a.lastQID = result.LastID
 			a.mu.Unlock()
 		}
 		a.mu.Unlock()
 		for i := range result.Messages {
 			a.handleServerMessage(&result.Messages[i])
 		}
@@ -824,7 +764,7 @@ func (a *App) handlePrivmsgEvent(
 	a.ui.AddLine(target, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [green]<%s>[white] %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(text),
+		timestamp, msg.From, text,
 	))
 }
@@ -837,7 +777,7 @@ func (a *App) handleJoinEvent(
 	a.ui.AddLine(msg.To, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has joined %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(msg.To),
+		timestamp, msg.From, msg.To,
 	))
 }
@@ -856,11 +796,11 @@ func (a *App) handlePartEvent(
 	line := fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has left %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(msg.To),
+		timestamp, msg.From, msg.To,
 	)
 	if reason != "" {
-		line += " (" + escape(reason) + ")"
+		line += " (" + reason + ")"
 	}
 	if msg.From == myNick {
@@ -881,12 +821,12 @@ func (a *App) handleQuitEvent(
 	if reason != "" {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 			"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has quit (%s)",
-			timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(reason),
+			timestamp, msg.From, reason,
 		))
 	} else {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 			"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s has quit",
-			timestamp, escape(msg.From),
+			timestamp, msg.From,
 		))
 	}
 }
@@ -913,7 +853,7 @@ func (a *App) handleNickEvent(
 	a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [yellow]*** %s is now known as %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(newNick),
+		timestamp, msg.From, newNick,
 	))
 }
@@ -925,7 +865,7 @@ func (a *App) handleNoticeEvent(
 	a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [magenta]--%s-- %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(text),
+		timestamp, msg.From, text,
 	))
 }
@@ -941,7 +881,7 @@ func (a *App) handleTopicEvent(
 	a.ui.AddLine(msg.To, fmt.Sprintf(
 		"[gray]%s [cyan]*** %s set topic: %s",
-		timestamp, escape(msg.From), escape(text),
+		timestamp, msg.From, text,
 	))
 }
@@ -951,12 +891,10 @@ func (a *App) handleDefaultEvent(
 	lines := msg.BodyLines()
 	text := strings.Join(lines, " ")
 	// The brackets around the command are escaped with it, as tview
 	// reads a command such as "[MODE]" as a tag.
 	if text != "" {
 		a.ui.AddStatus(fmt.Sprintf(
-			"[gray]%s [white]%s %s",
+			"[gray]%s [white][%s] %s",
-			timestamp, escape("["+msg.Command+"]"), escape(text),
+			timestamp, msg.Command, text,
 		))
 	}
 }
@@ -16,10 +16,7 @@ type Buffer struct {
 	Unread int
 }
-// UI manages the terminal interface. Most of its methods wait for
+// UI manages the terminal interface.
 // the tview event loop to run their update. Code that runs on that
 // loop, such as a key handler, must not call them: it would wait
 // for itself.
 type UI struct {
 	app       *tview.Application
 	messages  *tview.TextView
@@ -30,17 +27,7 @@ type UI struct {
 	buffers       []*Buffer
 	currentBuffer int
 	// The nick, target and connection state last passed to
 	// SetStatus.
 	nick       string
 	target     string
 	connStatus string
 	onInput func(string)
 	// inputDone is closed once the line last passed to onInput
 	// has been handled. Only callOnInput, on the event loop, uses
 	// it.
 	inputDone chan struct{}
 }
 // NewUI creates the tview-based IRC-like UI.
@@ -185,32 +172,13 @@ func (ui *UI) SetStatus(
 	nick, target, connStatus string,
 ) {
 	ui.app.QueueUpdateDraw(func() {
-		ui.nick = nick
+		ui.renderStatusBar(nick, target, connStatus)
 		ui.target = target
 		ui.connStatus = connStatus
 		ui.refreshStatusBar()
 	})
 }
-// BufferName returns the name of the buffer at index bufIndex,
+// BufferCount returns the number of buffers.
-// and whether there is such a buffer.
+func (ui *UI) BufferCount() int {
-func (ui *UI) BufferName(bufIndex int) (string, bool) {
+	return len(ui.buffers)
 	var (
 		name  string
 		found bool
 	)
 	ui.app.QueueUpdate(func() {
 		if bufIndex < 0 || bufIndex >= len(ui.buffers) {
 			return
 		}
 		name = ui.buffers[bufIndex].Name
 		found = true
 	})
 	return name, found
 }
 // BufferIndex returns the index of a named buffer.
@@ -235,21 +203,9 @@ func (ui *UI) initMessages() {
 	ui.messages.SetBorder(false)
 }
 // escape returns text so that the message window shows it exactly
 // as written. It writes each "[" as "[[:]": a "[" followed by
 // another "[" never starts a tag, and the tag "[:]" changes
 // nothing. tview.Escape is not enough: it does not escape a bracket
 // pair holding a symbol such as "|" or "^", and nothing it adds
 // stops a tag with a URL, such as "[:::y|z]".
 func escape(text string) string {
 	return strings.ReplaceAll(text, "[", "[[:]")
 }
 func (ui *UI) initStatusBar() {
-	// Colour tags stay off. With them on, tview reads text in
+	ui.statusBar = tview.NewTextView().
-	// square brackets, such as "[connected]" or part of a nick,
+		SetDynamicColors(true)
 	// as a tag and drops it.
 	ui.statusBar = tview.NewTextView()
 	ui.statusBar.SetBackgroundColor(tcell.ColorNavy)
 	ui.statusBar.SetTextColor(tcell.ColorWhite)
 }
@@ -270,7 +226,10 @@ func (ui *UI) initInput() {
 		}
 		ui.input.SetText("")
-		ui.callOnInput(text)
+
 		if ui.onInput != nil {
 			ui.onInput(text)
 		}
 	})
 }
@@ -281,11 +240,10 @@ func (ui *UI) initKeyCapture() {
 				return event
 			}
 			// Alt and a digit runs /window with that digit.
 			// SwitchBuffer alone would leave the target as it was.
 			r := event.Rune()
 			if r >= '0' && r <= '9' {
-				ui.callOnInput("/window " + string(r))
+				idx := int(r - '0')
 				ui.SwitchBuffer(idx)
 				return nil
 			}
@@ -295,35 +253,8 @@ func (ui *UI) initKeyCapture() {
 	)
 }
 // callOnInput passes text to the input callback on a new
 // goroutine. The key handlers call it on the event loop, and the
 // callback waits for that loop to update the screen, so they must
 // not wait for the callback. The goroutine first waits for the
 // line before it to be handled, which keeps lines in the order
 // they were typed.
 func (ui *UI) callOnInput(text string) {
 	if ui.onInput == nil {
 		return
 	}
 	previous := ui.inputDone
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	ui.inputDone = done
 	go func() {
 		if previous != nil {
 			<-previous
 		}
 		ui.onInput(text)
 		close(done)
 	}()
 }
 // refreshStatusBar redraws the status bar with the nick, target
 // and connection state last passed to SetStatus.
 func (ui *UI) refreshStatusBar() {
-	ui.renderStatusBar(ui.nick, ui.target, ui.connStatus)
+	// Placeholder; full refresh needs nick/target context.
 }
 func (ui *UI) renderStatusBar(
@@ -3,12 +3,8 @@ package config
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 	"go.uber.org/fx"
@@ -32,8 +28,6 @@ Type /help for available commands.`
 const DefaultDBURL = "file:///var/lib/neoirc/state.db" +
 	"?_pragma=journal_mode(WAL)&_pragma=busy_timeout(5000)"
 var errOutOfRange = errors.New("setting out of range")
 // Params defines the dependencies for creating a Config.
 type Params struct {
 	fx.In
@@ -69,8 +63,6 @@ type Config struct {
 }
 // New creates a new Config by reading from files and environment variables.
 // It returns an error when a number, true/false or duration setting does
 // not parse or is out of range.
 func New(
 	_ fx.Lifecycle, params Params,
 ) (*Config, error) {
@@ -115,27 +107,29 @@ func New(
 	cfg := &Config{
 		DBURL:              viper.GetString("DBURL"),
 		Debug:              viper.GetBool("DEBUG"),
 		Port:               viper.GetInt("PORT"),
 		SentryDSN:          viper.GetString("SENTRY_DSN"),
 		MaintenanceMode:    viper.GetBool("MAINTENANCE_MODE"),
 		MetricsUsername:    viper.GetString("METRICS_USERNAME"),
 		MetricsPassword:    viper.GetString("METRICS_PASSWORD"),
 		MessageMaxAge:      viper.GetString("MESSAGE_MAX_AGE"),
 		MaxMessageSize:     viper.GetInt("MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE"),
 		QueueMaxAge:        viper.GetString("QUEUE_MAX_AGE"),
 		MOTD:               viper.GetString("MOTD"),
 		ServerName:         viper.GetString("SERVER_NAME"),
 		FederationKey:      viper.GetString("FEDERATION_KEY"),
 		SessionIdleTimeout: viper.GetString("SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT"),
 		HashcashBits:       viper.GetInt("NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS"),
 		OperName:           viper.GetString("NEOIRC_OPER_NAME"),
 		OperPassword:       viper.GetString("NEOIRC_OPER_PASSWORD"),
 		LoginRateLimit:     viper.GetFloat64("LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT"),
 		LoginRateBurst:     viper.GetInt("LOGIN_RATE_BURST"),
 		IRCListenAddr:      viper.GetString("IRC_LISTEN_ADDR"),
 		log:                log,
 		params:             &params,
 	}
 	err = parseSettings(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	// Viper counts an empty environment variable as unset, but an
 	// empty IRC_LISTEN_ADDR must turn the IRC listener off.
 	ircListenAddr, set := os.LookupEnv("IRC_LISTEN_ADDR")
@@ -150,93 +144,3 @@ func New(
 	return cfg, nil
 }
 // parseSettings reads the number and true/false settings into cfg and
 // checks the duration settings. Each number and duration must be above
 // zero. PORT and NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS may also be zero: port 0 lets the
 // system pick a port, and 0 bits turns proof of work off. The error
 // names each setting that does not parse or is out of range.
 func parseSettings(cfg *Config) error {
 	return errors.Join(
 		parseInt("PORT", 0, &cfg.Port),
 		parseInt("MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE", 1, &cfg.MaxMessageSize),
 		parseInt("NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS", 0, &cfg.HashcashBits),
 		parseInt("LOGIN_RATE_BURST", 1, &cfg.LoginRateBurst),
 		parseFloat("LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT", &cfg.LoginRateLimit),
 		parseBool("DEBUG", &cfg.Debug),
 		parseBool("MAINTENANCE_MODE", &cfg.MaintenanceMode),
 		checkDuration("MESSAGE_MAX_AGE", cfg.MessageMaxAge),
 		checkDuration("QUEUE_MAX_AGE", cfg.QueueMaxAge),
 		checkDuration("SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT", cfg.SessionIdleTimeout),
 	)
 }
 // parseInt sets *value to the setting key read as a whole number. It
 // returns an error when the value does not parse or is below minimum.
 func parseInt(key string, minimum int, value *int) error {
 	raw := viper.GetString(key)
 	parsed, err := strconv.Atoi(raw)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %s: %w", key, err)
 	}
 	if parsed < minimum {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s is %s, but must be at least %d",
 			errOutOfRange, key, raw, minimum)
 	}
 	*value = parsed
 	return nil
 }
 // parseFloat sets *value to the setting key read as a floating-point
 // number. It returns an error when the value does not parse or is not a
 // finite number above zero.
 func parseFloat(key string, value *float64) error {
 	raw := viper.GetString(key)
 	parsed, err := strconv.ParseFloat(raw, 64)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %s: %w", key, err)
 	}
 	if math.IsNaN(parsed) || math.IsInf(parsed, 0) || parsed <= 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf(
 			"%w: %s is %s, but must be a finite number above zero",
 			errOutOfRange, key, raw)
 	}
 	*value = parsed
 	return nil
 }
 // parseBool sets *value to the setting key read as true or false.
 func parseBool(key string, value *bool) error {
 	parsed, err := strconv.ParseBool(viper.GetString(key))
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %s: %w", key, err)
 	}
 	*value = parsed
 	return nil
 }
 // checkDuration returns an error naming the setting key when value is
 // not a Go duration above zero.
 func checkDuration(key, value string) error {
 	duration, err := time.ParseDuration(value)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot parse %s: %w", key, err)
 	}
 	if duration <= 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s is %s, but must be above zero",
 			errOutOfRange, key, value)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package config_test
 import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -11,8 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/logger"
 )
-// loadConfig runs config.New and returns its result.
+func newConfig(t *testing.T) *config.Config {
 func loadConfig(t *testing.T) (*config.Config, error) {
 	t.Helper()
 	globs := &globals.Globals{
@@ -26,15 +24,9 @@ func loadConfig(t *testing.T) (*config.Config, error) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	return config.New(
+	cfg, err := config.New(
 		nil, config.Params{Globals: globs, Logger: log},
 	)
 }
 func newConfig(t *testing.T) *config.Config {
 	t.Helper()
 	cfg, err := loadConfig(t)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -42,145 +34,6 @@ func newConfig(t *testing.T) *config.Config {
 	return cfg
 }
 func TestUnsetSettingsKeepDefaults(t *testing.T) {
 	// Viper counts an empty environment variable as unset.
 	t.Setenv("PORT", "")
 	t.Setenv("MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE", "")
 	t.Setenv("NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS", "")
 	t.Setenv("LOGIN_RATE_BURST", "")
 	t.Setenv("LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT", "")
 	t.Setenv("DEBUG", "")
 	t.Setenv("MAINTENANCE_MODE", "")
 	t.Setenv("MESSAGE_MAX_AGE", "")
 	t.Setenv("QUEUE_MAX_AGE", "")
 	t.Setenv("SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT", "")
 	// Each duration setting defaults to 30 days.
 	const thirtyDays = "720h"
 	want := settings{
 		Port:               8080,
 		MaxMessageSize:     4096,
 		HashcashBits:       20,
 		LoginRateBurst:     5,
 		LoginRateLimit:     1,
 		Debug:              false,
 		MaintenanceMode:    false,
 		MessageMaxAge:      thirtyDays,
 		QueueMaxAge:        thirtyDays,
 		SessionIdleTimeout: thirtyDays,
 	}
 	got := settingsOf(newConfig(t))
 	if got != want {
 		t.Errorf("settings = %+v, want %+v", got, want)
 	}
 }
 func TestValidSettingsAreUsed(t *testing.T) {
 	// Each whole number is the lowest value its setting allows, and 1ns
 	// is the shortest duration allowed.
 	t.Setenv("PORT", "0")
 	t.Setenv("MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE", "1")
 	t.Setenv("NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS", "0")
 	t.Setenv("LOGIN_RATE_BURST", "1")
 	t.Setenv("LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT", "0.5")
 	t.Setenv("DEBUG", "true")
 	t.Setenv("MAINTENANCE_MODE", "true")
 	t.Setenv("MESSAGE_MAX_AGE", "1ns")
 	t.Setenv("QUEUE_MAX_AGE", "1h30m")
 	t.Setenv("SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT", "45m")
 	want := settings{
 		Port:               0,
 		MaxMessageSize:     1,
 		HashcashBits:       0,
 		LoginRateBurst:     1,
 		LoginRateLimit:     0.5,
 		Debug:              true,
 		MaintenanceMode:    true,
 		MessageMaxAge:      "1ns",
 		QueueMaxAge:        "1h30m",
 		SessionIdleTimeout: "45m",
 	}
 	got := settingsOf(newConfig(t))
 	if got != want {
 		t.Errorf("settings = %+v, want %+v", got, want)
 	}
 }
 // settings holds the Config fields whose settings config.New parses.
 type settings struct {
 	Port               int
 	MaxMessageSize     int
 	HashcashBits       int
 	LoginRateBurst     int
 	LoginRateLimit     float64
 	Debug              bool
 	MaintenanceMode    bool
 	MessageMaxAge      string
 	QueueMaxAge        string
 	SessionIdleTimeout string
 }
 func settingsOf(cfg *config.Config) settings {
 	return settings{
 		Port:               cfg.Port,
 		MaxMessageSize:     cfg.MaxMessageSize,
 		HashcashBits:       cfg.HashcashBits,
 		LoginRateBurst:     cfg.LoginRateBurst,
 		LoginRateLimit:     cfg.LoginRateLimit,
 		Debug:              cfg.Debug,
 		MaintenanceMode:    cfg.MaintenanceMode,
 		MessageMaxAge:      cfg.MessageMaxAge,
 		QueueMaxAge:        cfg.QueueMaxAge,
 		SessionIdleTimeout: cfg.SessionIdleTimeout,
 	}
 }
 func TestBadSettingStopsStartup(t *testing.T) {
 	// For each setting, the first value does not parse and the others
 	// parse but are out of range.
 	tests := []struct {
 		key    string
 		values []string
 	}{
 		{key: "PORT", values: []string{"80a", "-1"}},
 		{key: "MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE", values: []string{"4k", "0", "-4096"}},
 		{key: "NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS", values: []string{"twenty", "-1"}},
 		{key: "LOGIN_RATE_BURST", values: []string{"five", "0", "-5"}},
 		{key: "LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT", values: []string{
 			"fast", "0", "-1", "NaN", "Inf", "-Inf",
 		}},
 		{key: "DEBUG", values: []string{"yes"}},
 		{key: "MAINTENANCE_MODE", values: []string{"on"}},
 		{key: "MESSAGE_MAX_AGE", values: []string{"30d", "0", "-1h"}},
 		{key: "QUEUE_MAX_AGE", values: []string{"720", "0s", "-24h"}},
 		{key: "SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT", values: []string{"a month", "0", "-1m"}},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		for _, value := range test.values {
 			t.Run(test.key+"="+value, func(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Setenv(test.key, value)
 				_, err := loadConfig(t)
 				if err == nil {
 					t.Fatalf("%s=%q: got no error", test.key, value)
 				}
 				msg := err.Error()
 				if !strings.Contains(msg, test.key) ||
 					!strings.Contains(msg, value) {
 					t.Errorf("error %q does not name %s and %q",
 						msg, test.key, value)
 				}
 			})
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestIRCListenAddrUnsetKeepsDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	// t.Setenv puts back whatever value was there after the test.
 	t.Setenv("IRC_LISTEN_ADDR", "")
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleCreateSession(
 	var payload createRequest
-	err := decodeJSON(request, &payload)
+	err := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&payload)
 	if err != nil {
 		hdlr.respondError(
 			writer, request,
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) deliverWelcome(
 	// 004 RPL_MYINFO
 	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
 		ctx, clientID, irc.RplMyInfo, nick,
-		[]string{srvName, version, service.UserModes, "Hbiklmnostv"},
+		[]string{srvName, version, "", "ikmnostl"},
 		"",
 	)
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) HandleSendCommand() http.HandlerFunc {
 		var payload commandRequest
-		err := decodeJSON(request, &payload)
+		err := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&payload)
 		if err != nil {
 			hdlr.respondError(
 				writer, request,
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) dispatchCommand(
 		hdlr.handlePrivmsg(
 			writer, request,
 			sessionID, clientID, nick,
-			command, target, body, meta,
+			command, target, body, meta, bodyLines,
 		)
 	case irc.CmdJoin:
 		hdlr.handleJoin(
@@ -1139,18 +1139,8 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePrivmsg(
 	nick, command, target string,
 	body json.RawMessage,
 	meta json.RawMessage,
 	bodyLines func() []string,
 ) {
 	lines, ok := checkBodyAndMeta(body, meta)
 	if !ok {
 		hdlr.respondError(
 			writer, request,
 			"invalid request body",
 			http.StatusBadRequest,
 		)
 		return
 	}
 	if target == "" {
 		hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
 			request.Context(), clientID,
@@ -1165,6 +1155,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePrivmsg(
 		return
 	}
 	lines := bodyLines()
 	if len(lines) == 0 {
 		hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
 			request.Context(), clientID,
@@ -1198,44 +1189,6 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePrivmsg(
 	)
 }
 // checkBodyAndMeta returns the lines in body. It returns false
 // when body is present and is not an array of strings, or meta
 // is present and is not an object. Each line is decoded as any
 // because decoding into []string turns a null line into "". A
 // null body or meta decodes without an error into nil.
 func checkBodyAndMeta(body, meta json.RawMessage) ([]string, bool) {
 	var lines []string
 	if body != nil {
 		var values []any
 		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &values)
 		if err != nil || values == nil {
 			return nil, false
 		}
 		for _, value := range values {
 			line, isString := value.(string)
 			if !isString {
 				return nil, false
 			}
 			lines = append(lines, line)
 		}
 	}
 	if meta != nil {
 		var fields map[string]any
 		err := json.Unmarshal(meta, &fields)
 		if err != nil || fields == nil {
 			return nil, false
 		}
 	}
 	return lines, true
 }
 // respondIRCError enqueues a numeric error reply, notifies
 // the broker, and sends HTTP 200 with {"status":"error"}.
 func (hdlr *Handlers) respondIRCError(
@@ -3238,7 +3191,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleWho(
 		// 315 RPL_ENDOFWHO (empty result)
 		hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
 			ctx, clientID, irc.RplEndOfWho, nick,
-			[]string{channel},
+			[]string{target},
 			"End of /WHO list",
 		)
 		hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
@@ -8,12 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"maps"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -797,107 +795,6 @@ func TestCreateSessionMalformed(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 func (tserver *testServer) postBody(
 	path, token, body string,
 ) (int, map[string]any) {
 	tserver.t.Helper()
 	resp, err := doRequestAuth(
 		tserver.t, http.MethodPost, tserver.url(path), token,
 		strings.NewReader(body),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		tserver.t.Fatalf("post %s: %v", path, err)
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
 	var result map[string]any
 	_ = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result)
 	return resp.StatusCode, result
 }
 // TestRequestBodyLimit sends each endpoint a small valid JSON value
 // followed by other bytes. Only whitespace may follow the value, and
 // the whole body counts towards MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE.
 func TestRequestBodyLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	const (
 		maxMessageSize = 4096 // the default MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE
 		nick           = "alice_bodylimit"
 	)
 	endpoints := []struct {
 		name, path, value string
 		acceptedStatus    int
 	}{
 		{
 			"create session", apiSession,
 			`{"nick":"bob_bodylimit"}`,
 			http.StatusCreated,
 		},
 		{
 			"login", "/api/v1/login",
 			`{"nick":"` + nick + `","password":"` + testPassword + `"}`,
 			http.StatusOK,
 		},
 		{
 			"post message", apiMessages,
 			`{"command":"PING"}`,
 			http.StatusOK,
 		},
 	}
 	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
 		t.Run(endpoint.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			tserver := newTestServer(t)
 			token := tserver.createSession(nick)
 			tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
 				commandKey: irc.CmdPass,
 				bodyKey:    []string{testPassword},
 			})
 			bytesToLimit := maxMessageSize - len(endpoint.value)
 			for _, trailing := range []string{
 				strings.Repeat(" ", bytesToLimit+1),
 				strings.Repeat("x", bytesToLimit+1),
 				"x",
 				"{}",
 			} {
 				status, result := tserver.postBody(
 					endpoint.path, token, endpoint.value+trailing,
 				)
 				if status != http.StatusBadRequest ||
 					result["error"] != "invalid request body" {
 					t.Errorf(
 						"%d bytes of %.10q after the value: expected "+
 							"400 invalid request body, got %d: %v",
 						len(trailing), trailing, status, result,
 					)
 				}
 			}
 			status, result := tserver.postBody(
 				endpoint.path, token,
 				endpoint.value+strings.Repeat(" ", bytesToLimit),
 			)
 			if status != endpoint.acceptedStatus {
 				t.Errorf(
 					"body of exactly the limit: expected %d, got %d: %v",
 					endpoint.acceptedStatus, status, result,
 				)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 func TestAuthNoCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -1102,8 +999,6 @@ func TestChannelMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 // TestMessageMissingBody checks that a PRIVMSG with no body,
 // or an empty one, gets ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND.
 func TestMessageMissingBody(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -1118,25 +1013,20 @@ func TestMessageMissingBody(t *testing.T) {
 	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
-	for _, request := range []map[string]any{
+	status, _ := tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
-		{commandKey: privmsgCmd, toKey: channel},
+		commandKey: privmsgCmd, toKey: channel,
-		{commandKey: privmsgCmd, toKey: channel, bodyKey: []string{}},
+	})
-	} {
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
-		status, _ := tserver.sendCommand(token, request)
+		t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d", status)
-		if status != http.StatusOK {
+	}
 			t.Fatalf("%v: expected 200, got %d", request, status)
 		}
-		var msgs []map[string]any
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
-		msgs, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "412") {
-
+		t.Fatalf(
-		if !findNumeric(msgs, "412") {
+			"expected ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND (412), got %v",
-			t.Fatalf(
+			msgs,
-				"%v: expected ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND (412), got %v",
+		)
 				request, msgs,
 			)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -1166,132 +1056,6 @@ func TestMessageMissingTo(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 // TestMessageInvalidBodyOrMeta checks that a PRIVMSG or
 // NOTICE, to a channel or a nick, whose body is not an array
 // of strings or whose meta is not an object gets 400 and
 // reaches nobody.
 func TestMessageInvalidBodyOrMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	cases := []struct {
 		name   string
 		fields map[string]any
 	}{
 		{"null line", map[string]any{bodyKey: []any{"hi", nil}}},
 		{"number line", map[string]any{bodyKey: []any{"hi", 1}}},
 		{"object line", map[string]any{bodyKey: []any{map[string]any{}}}},
 		{"null body", map[string]any{bodyKey: nil}},
 		{"object body", map[string]any{bodyKey: map[string]any{}}},
 		{"null meta", map[string]any{bodyKey: []string{"hi"}, metaKey: nil}},
 		{"array meta", map[string]any{bodyKey: []string{"hi"}, metaKey: []string{}}},
 		{"string meta", map[string]any{bodyKey: []string{"hi"}, metaKey: "hi"}},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range cases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			const channel = "#badmsg"
 			tserver := newTestServer(t)
 			aliceToken := tserver.createSession("alice_badmsg")
 			bobToken := tserver.createSession("bob_badmsg")
 			tserver.sendCommand(aliceToken, map[string]any{
 				commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
 			})
 			tserver.sendCommand(bobToken, map[string]any{
 				commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
 			})
 			_, bobLastID := tserver.pollMessages(bobToken, 0)
 			for _, command := range []string{privmsgCmd, irc.CmdNotice} {
 				for _, target := range []string{channel, "bob_badmsg"} {
 					request := map[string]any{
 						commandKey: command, toKey: target,
 					}
 					maps.Copy(request, tc.fields)
 					status, result := tserver.sendCommand(
 						aliceToken, request,
 					)
 					if status != http.StatusBadRequest ||
 						result["error"] != "invalid request body" {
 						t.Errorf(
 							"%s to %s: expected 400 invalid "+
 								"request body, got %d: %v",
 							command, target, status, result,
 						)
 					}
 				}
 			}
 			msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(bobToken, bobLastID)
 			if len(msgs) != 0 {
 				t.Fatalf("expected no messages, bob got %v", msgs)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 // TestMessageRelaysBodyAndMeta checks that a PRIVMSG or
 // NOTICE, to a channel or a nick, reaches its recipient with
 // body and meta as sent.
 func TestMessageRelaysBodyAndMeta(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	const channel = "#relaymsg"
 	tserver := newTestServer(t)
 	aliceToken := tserver.createSession("alice_relaymsg")
 	bobToken := tserver.createSession("bob_relaymsg")
 	tserver.sendCommand(aliceToken, map[string]any{
 		commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
 	})
 	tserver.sendCommand(bobToken, map[string]any{
 		commandKey: joinCmd, toKey: channel,
 	})
 	_, bobLastID := tserver.pollMessages(bobToken, 0)
 	body := []any{"line one", ""}
 	meta := map[string]any{"sig": "abc", "alg": "ed25519"}
 	for _, command := range []string{privmsgCmd, irc.CmdNotice} {
 		for _, target := range []string{channel, "bob_relaymsg"} {
 			status, result := tserver.sendCommand(
 				aliceToken,
 				map[string]any{
 					commandKey: command, toKey: target,
 					bodyKey: body, metaKey: meta,
 				},
 			)
 			if status != http.StatusOK {
 				t.Fatalf(
 					"%s to %s: expected 200, got %d: %v",
 					command, target, status, result,
 				)
 			}
 			var msgs []map[string]any
 			msgs, bobLastID = tserver.pollMessages(
 				bobToken, bobLastID,
 			)
 			if len(msgs) != 1 ||
 				msgs[0][commandKey] != command ||
 				!reflect.DeepEqual(msgs[0][bodyKey], body) ||
 				!reflect.DeepEqual(msgs[0][metaKey], meta) {
 				t.Fatalf(
 					"%s to %s: bob got %v", command, target, msgs,
 				)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 func TestNonMemberCannotSend(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -4140,31 +3904,6 @@ func assertWhoReplyUsername(
 	)
 }
 func TestWhoUnknownChannelEndReplyAddsHash(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	tserver := newTestServer(t)
 	token := tserver.createSession("whoasker")
 	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
 	msgs, _ := sendAndPoll(tserver, token, lastID, map[string]any{
 		commandKey: irc.CmdWho,
 		toKey:      "nosuch",
 	})
 	endOfWho := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "315")
 	if endOfWho == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected RPL_ENDOFWHO (315), got %v", msgs)
 	}
 	params := getNumericParams(endOfWho)
 	if !slices.Equal(params, []string{"#nosuch"}) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected params [#nosuch], got %v", params)
 	}
 }
 func TestSessionUsernameDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -7058,32 +6797,6 @@ func TestISUPPORT(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 // TestMyInfoListsModes verifies the 004 numeric lists the
 // user modes o and w as its third parameter, and the HTTP
 // API's channel modes Hbiklmnostv as its fourth.
 func TestMyInfoListsModes(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	tserver := newTestServer(t)
 	token := tserver.createSession("myinfo")
 	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
 	myInfo := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "004")
 	if myInfo == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected 004 RPL_MYINFO")
 	}
 	params := getNumericParams(myInfo)
 	if len(params) != 4 || params[2] != "ow" ||
 		params[3] != "Hbiklmnostv" {
 		t.Fatalf(
 			"004 params %v, want four ending ow Hbiklmnostv",
 			params,
 		)
 	}
 }
 // TestNonOpCannotSetModes verifies non-operators
 // cannot set +i, +s, +k, +l, +b.
 func TestNonOpCannotSetModes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package handlers
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleLogin(
 	var payload loginRequest
-	err := decodeJSON(request, &payload)
+	err := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&payload)
 	if err != nil {
 		hdlr.respondError(
 			writer, request,
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
@@ -160,18 +159,6 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) respondError(
 	)
 }
 // decodeJSON reads the whole request body and decodes it into dest.
 // It fails if the body is larger than the http.MaxBytesReader limit,
 // or holds anything other than one JSON value and whitespace.
 func decodeJSON(request *http.Request, dest any) error {
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(request.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return json.Unmarshal(body, dest)
 }
 func (hdlr *Handlers) idleTimeout() time.Duration {
 	raw := hdlr.params.Config.SessionIdleTimeout
 	if raw == "" {
@@ -371,7 +371,6 @@ func (c *Conn) handleQuit(msg *Message) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	c.closed = true
 	c.quitReason = reason
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 }
@@ -1227,12 +1226,9 @@ func (c *Conn) handlePassPostReg(
 		return
 	}
 	// The IRC listener cannot add a connection to an existing
 	// session; only the HTTP API login can.
 	c.sendFromServer("NOTICE", c.currentNick(),
-		"Password set. Another client can log in to this "+
+		"Password set. You can reconnect using "+
-			"session over the HTTP API: POST /api/v1/login "+
+			"PASS <password> with your nick.",
 			"with your nick and this password.",
 	)
 }
@@ -69,11 +69,6 @@ type Conn struct {
 	lastQueueID int64
 	closed      bool
 	killed      bool
 	// quitReason is the reason in the QUIT that peers are
 	// sent when the connection ends. The client's QUIT
 	// replaces it.
 	quitReason string
 }
 func newConn(
@@ -92,15 +87,14 @@ func newConn(
 	}
 	conn := &Conn{ //nolint:exhaustruct // zero-value defaults
-		conn:       tcpConn,
+		conn:      tcpConn,
-		log:        log,
+		log:       log,
-		database:   database,
+		database:  database,
-		brk:        brk,
+		brk:       brk,
-		cfg:        cfg,
+		cfg:       cfg,
-		svc:        svc,
+		svc:       svc,
-		serverSfx:  srvName,
+		serverSfx: srvName,
-		remoteIP:   host,
+		remoteIP:  host,
 		quitReason: "Connection closed",
 	}
 	conn.commands = conn.buildCommandMap()
@@ -284,7 +278,6 @@ func (c *Conn) cleanup(ctx context.Context) {
 	wasKilled := c.killed
 	sessID := c.sessionID
 	nick := c.nick
 	quitReason := c.quitReason
 	c.closed = true
 	c.mu.Unlock()
@@ -294,7 +287,9 @@ func (c *Conn) cleanup(ctx context.Context) {
 		// KILL has already sent the QUIT and deleted the
 		// session.
 		if !wasKilled {
-			c.svc.BroadcastQuit(ctx, sessID, nick, quitReason)
+			c.svc.BroadcastQuit(
 				ctx, sessID, nick, "Connection closed",
 			)
 		}
 	}
@@ -610,7 +605,7 @@ func (c *Conn) deliverWelcome() {
 	)
 	c.sendNumeric(
 		irc.RplMyInfo,
-		c.serverSfx, "neoirc", service.UserModes, "Himnostv",
+		c.serverSfx, "neoirc", "", "mnst",
 	)
 	c.sendNumeric(
 		irc.RplIsupport,
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ func TestRelayNickDiffersOnlyInCase(t *testing.T) {
 		{"JOIN #case", ":Alice!Alice@* JOIN #case"},
 		{"NICK Alicia", ":Alice!Alice@* NICK Alicia"},
 		{"NICK Alice", ":Alicia!Alicia@* NICK Alice"}, // back for QUIT
-		{"QUIT", ":Alice!Alice@* QUIT :Quit: Client quit"},
+		{"QUIT", ":Alice!Alice@* QUIT :Quit: Connection closed"},
 	} {
 		capitalAlice.send(step.line)
@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -25,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/globals"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/ircserver"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/internal/logger"
 	"sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/pkg/irc"
 	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
 )
@@ -489,22 +486,6 @@ func TestWelcomeContainsNick(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 // TestMyInfoListsModes checks that RPL_MYINFO lists the user
 // modes o and w, then the channel modes MODE accepts on the
 // IRC listener. It compares the whole line, so a missing or
 // extra mode fails it.
 func TestMyInfoListsModes(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	env := newTestEnv(t)
 	lines := env.dial(t).register("carol")
 	want := ":test.irc 004 carol test.irc neoirc ow Himnostv"
 	if !slices.Contains(lines, want) {
 		t.Errorf("no line %q in %v", want, lines)
 	}
 }
 func TestPingPong(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -875,112 +856,6 @@ func TestQuit(t *testing.T) {
 	assertContains(t, lines, "goodbye", "QUIT reason")
 }
 // TestQuitReasonReachesPeers checks the reason that an IRC
 // listener user's channel peers see in its QUIT, on both the
 // IRC listener and the HTTP API. It is the reason the user
 // gave, Client quit for a QUIT without one, or Connection
 // closed when the connection ends without a QUIT.
 func TestQuitReasonReachesPeers(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	for _, step := range []struct {
 		name, quit, want string
 	}{
 		{"QUIT with a reason", "QUIT :gone home", "gone home"},
 		{"QUIT without a reason", irc.CmdQuit, "Client quit"},
 		{"connection closed without QUIT", "", "Connection closed"},
 	} {
 		t.Run(step.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			ircLine, apiBody := quitSeenByPeers(t, step.quit)
 			want := ":quitter!quitter@* QUIT :Quit: " + step.want
 			if ircLine != want {
 				t.Errorf("IRC peer got %q, want %q", ircLine, want)
 			}
 			if len(apiBody) != 1 || apiBody[0] != step.want {
 				t.Errorf("HTTP API peer got %q, want [%q]", apiBody, step.want)
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 // quitSeenByPeers starts a server on which quitter, ircpeer on
 // the IRC listener and apipeer on the HTTP API share a channel.
 // quitter sends the line quit, or closes its connection when
 // quit is empty. It returns the QUIT line ircpeer is sent and
 // the body of the QUIT apipeer is sent.
 func quitSeenByPeers(t *testing.T, quit string) (string, []string) {
 	t.Helper()
 	env := newTestEnv(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()
 	ircPeer := env.dial(t)
 	ircPeer.register("ircpeer")
 	ircPeer.joinAndDrain("#bye")
 	apiPeerID, apiPeerClientID, _, err := env.database.CreateSession(
 		ctx, "apipeer", "apipeer", "", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("create peer session: %v", err)
 	}
 	channelID, err := env.database.GetChannelByName(ctx, "#bye")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("get channel: %v", err)
 	}
 	err = env.database.JoinChannel(ctx, channelID, apiPeerID)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("join peer: %v", err)
 	}
 	quitter := env.dial(t)
 	quitter.register("quitter")
 	quitter.joinAndDrain("#bye")
 	if quit == "" {
 		err = quitter.conn.Close()
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("close: %v", err)
 		}
 	} else {
 		quitter.send(quit)
 	}
 	lines := ircPeer.readUntil(func(l string) bool {
 		return strings.Contains(l, " QUIT ")
 	})
 	// The QUIT is queued to both peers at once, so apipeer has
 	// it by now.
 	msgs, _, err := env.database.PollMessages(ctx, apiPeerClientID, 0, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("poll peer: %v", err)
 	}
 	for _, msg := range msgs {
 		if msg.Command == irc.CmdQuit && msg.From == "quitter" {
 			var body []string
 			err = json.Unmarshal(msg.Body, &body)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("decode QUIT body %s: %v", msg.Body, err)
 			}
 			return lines[len(lines)-1], body
 		}
 	}
 	t.Fatalf("apipeer was not sent the QUIT: %v", msgs)
 	return "", nil
 }
 // TestStopEndsSessions checks that stopping the server ends
 // a registered connection's session before Stop returns, as
 // closing the connection does: the session, its client and
@@ -1250,9 +1125,6 @@ func TestAwaySetAndClear(t *testing.T) {
 	assertContains(t, clearLines, " 305 ", "RPL_UNAWAY")
 }
 // TestHandlePassPostRegistration checks the NOTICE that
 // confirms PASS after registration. It points to the HTTP API
 // login, the only way to add a client to an existing session.
 func TestHandlePassPostRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
@@ -1265,11 +1137,7 @@ func TestHandlePassPostRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	assertContains(
-		t, lines,
+		t, lines, "Password set", "password confirmation",
 		" NOTICE passuser :Password set. Another client can log "+
 			"in to this session over the HTTP API: "+
 			"POST /api/v1/login with your nick and this password.",
 		"password confirmation",
 	)
 }
@@ -1169,12 +1169,6 @@ func (s *Service) ApplyUserMode(
 	return s.QueryUserMode(ctx, sessionID)
 }
 // UserModes lists the user modes the server supports, as
 // RPL_MYINFO sends them: o (server operator) and w
 // (receives WALLOPS). parseUserModeString must accept the
 // same letters.
 const UserModes = "ow"
 // parseUserModeString parses a user mode string such as
 // "+w", "-o" or "+w-o" into the new value of each flag it
 // names, or nil for a flag it does not name; a later letter
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ are the fields it can have:
 - `code`: the number of a numeric reply, such as `1` for `RPL_WELCOME`. Absent
  on other messages.
 - `id`: the message's UUID, a unique ID that the server assigns.
- `from`: the sender's nick, or the server name on a numeric reply or a `PONG`.
+- `from`: the sender's nick, or the server name on a server message.
 - `to`: the target, such as a channel name starting with `#` or a nick.
 - `params`: an array of strings with the message's other parameters, in order.
  `KICK` events and many numeric replies have it. The HTTP API ignores `params`
@@ -60,32 +60,29 @@ A `PRIVMSG` whose `body` has two strings is a two-line message:
 ## Files
 Most command files describe both the message a client sends and the message the
 server sends. Their field descriptions say where the two differ. The examples in
 the files leave out `id`, `ts` and `meta`.
 Commands, in `commands/`:
 - `PRIVMSG.json`: a message to a channel or a user.
 - `NOTICE.json`: a notice, which is a message that a client must not answer
  automatically.
- `JOIN.json`: joining a channel.
+- `JOIN.json`: a user joined a channel.
- `PART.json`: leaving a channel.
+- `PART.json`: a user left a channel.
- `QUIT.json`: leaving the server.
+- `QUIT.json`: a user left the server.
- `NICK.json`: changing nick.
+- `NICK.json`: a user changed nick.
- `TOPIC.json`: setting a channel's topic.
+- `TOPIC.json`: a channel topic was set.
- `MODE.json`: querying or changing a channel's modes or the user's own modes.
+- `MODE.json`: a channel mode was changed.
- `KICK.json`: a channel operator removing a user from a channel.
+- `KICK.json`: a channel operator removed a user from a channel.
 - `PING.json`: a check that the server still answers.
- `PONG.json`: the answer to a `PING`, which is the HTTP response to it.
+- `PONG.json`: the answer to a `PING`.
 - `PUBKEY.json`: an announcement of a user's public signing key. The server has
  no such command. It answers a `PUBKEY` with `ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND` (`421`).
 Numeric replies, in `numerics/`:
- `001.json`: `RPL_WELCOME`, which welcomes the user.
+- `001.json`: `RPL_WELCOME`, which welcomes a new user.
 - `002.json`: `RPL_YOURHOST`, the server's name and version.
- `003.json`: `RPL_CREATED`, the date the server last started.
+- `003.json`: `RPL_CREATED`, which says when the server was created.
- `004.json`: `RPL_MYINFO`, the server's name, its version and its lists of
+- `004.json`: `RPL_MYINFO`, the server's version and its lists of modes.
  modes.
 - `322.json`: `RPL_LIST`, one channel in the answer to `LIST`.
 - `323.json`: `RPL_LISTEND`, the end of the answer to `LIST`.
 - `332.json`: `RPL_TOPIC`, a channel's topic.
@@ -99,3 +96,71 @@ Numeric replies, in `numerics/`:
 - `433.json`: `ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE`, the nick is taken.
 - `442.json`: `ERR_NOTONCHANNEL`, the user is not on that channel.
 - `482.json`: `ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED`, the user is not a channel operator.
 ## Where the files differ from the HTTP API
 Where a schema file and the HTTP API disagree, the HTTP API is right:
 - `message.json` and the files in `numerics/` put the three-digit code in
  `command`. They have no `code` field. The HTTP API puts the reply's name in
  `command` and its number in `code`.
 - `message.json` allows an object as `body`. The HTTP API reads only arrays of
  strings. A `PRIVMSG` with an object as `body` gets `ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND` (`412`).
 - `message.json` says `to` is a channel or a nick. A `WALLOPS` message has `*`
  there.
 - `message.json` allows `meta` on every message. The HTTP API keeps a client's
  `meta` only on a `PRIVMSG` or `NOTICE`.
 - `message.json` describes signature fields in `meta`. The server never checks a
  signature.
 - `message.json` does not describe `meta.hashcash`. The HTTP API reads it in a
  `PRIVMSG` to a channel with mode `+H`.
 - `JOIN.json` has no `body`. A client's `JOIN` can carry the channel key in
  `body`. When a user joins, the `JOIN` event repeats the channel name in
  `body`.
 - `JOIN.json` allows a channel name of any length. The server allows at most 63
  characters after the `#`. It answers a longer name with `ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL`
  (`403`).
 - `KICK.json` puts the kicked nick in `params`. The HTTP API reads a client's
  `KICK` from `body`: the nick, then an optional reason.
 - `MODE.json` puts the mode change in `params`. The HTTP API uses `body`
  instead. A client sends the change and any value as separate strings, such as
  `"+o"` and `"bob"`. In a `MODE` event, `body` holds the change as one string,
  such as `"+o bob"`, or as two strings, such as `"+k"` and `"secret"`.
 - `NOTICE.json` allows `*` as `to`. The server answers a `NOTICE` to `*` with
  `ERR_NOSUCHNICK` (`401`).
 - `NOTICE.json` has an example notice from the server to `*`. The server sends
  no such notice.
 - `PING.json` and `PONG.json` describe a token that the `PONG` repeats. The HTTP
  API ignores the `body` of a `PING`. Its answer is the HTTP response
  `{"command": "PONG", "from": "<server name>"}`.
 - `PING.json` and `PONG.json` also describe messages between servers. The server
  does not connect to other IRC servers.
 - `PUBKEY.json` describes a command the server does not have.
 - `QUIT.json` says that `QUIT` comes only from the server. A client can send it
  too, to end its session. A client's `QUIT` can carry a reason in `body`.
 - `TOPIC.json` says a `TOPIC` without a `body` queries the topic. The HTTP API
  answers such a `TOPIC` with `ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS` (`461`).
 - `TOPIC.json` says an empty array clears the topic. The HTTP API answers `[]`
  with `ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS` (`461`). A `body` of `[""]` clears the topic.
 - `003.json` describes the server's creation date. The HTTP API sends the date
  the server last started.
 - `004.json` has example mode lists. The HTTP API sends an empty string as the
  user modes and `ikmnostl` as the channel modes.
 - `322.json` says `LIST` gets one reply per channel. The server leaves out a
  secret channel, one with mode `+s`, unless the user is on it.
 - `332.json` says `RPL_TOPIC` answers a `TOPIC` query. The HTTP API has no such
  query. It sends `RPL_TOPIC` after a client sets the topic, and after a `JOIN`
  to a channel that has one.
 - `353.json` says `body` lists nicks. The HTTP API lists `nick!user@host` in
  place of each nick, such as `@op1!op1@host1`.
 - `353.json` says the first parameter marks a channel as public, private or
  secret. The server always sends `=`, the mark for a public channel.
 - `376.json` gives the text as `End of /MOTD command`. The HTTP API adds a full
  stop.
 - `401.json` gives the text as `No such nick/channel`. The server sends
  `No such nick` in answer to a `PRIVMSG` or `NOTICE` to an unknown nick.
 - `433.json` has an example with `*` as `to`. The HTTP API sends `433` only in
  answer to a `NICK`, with the user's nick as `to`.
 The HTTP API also accepts some messages that the files do not allow, such as a
 `JOIN` whose `to` has no `#`.
@@ -2,25 +2,15 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/JOIN.json",
  "title": "JOIN",
-  "description": "Join a channel. A client sends it to join a channel, which the server creates if it does not exist. The server sends it to every member of the channel when a user joins, the new member included. RFC 1459 §4.2.1.",
+  "description": "Join a channel. C2S: request to join. S2C: notification that a user joined. RFC 1459 §4.2.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "JOIN" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that joined. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that joined (S2C)." },
-    "to": {
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" }
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The channel name: # and then 1 to 63 of a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _ and -. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
      "description": "From a client: the channel key as the first string, which a channel with mode +k needs. From the server: the channel name. After a login, and for GET /api/v1/state?initChannelState=1, the server queues a JOIN for each of the session's channels. That JOIN has an empty body."
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "to"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "JOIN", "to": "#general" },
+    { "command": "JOIN", "from": "alice", "to": "#general" }
    { "command": "JOIN", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": ["#general"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,33 +2,28 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/KICK.json",
  "title": "KICK",
-  "description": "Remove a user from a channel. A client sends it, and only a channel operator may. The server sends it to every member of the channel, the removed user included. RFC 1459 §4.2.8.",
+  "description": "Kick a user from a channel. RFC 1459 §4.2.8.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "KICK" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that removed the user. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that performed the kick." },
-    "to": {
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" },
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The channel name. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The removed nick. Only the server sends it.",
+      "description": "Kicked nick. e.g. [\"alice\"].",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "From a client: the nick to remove, then an optional reason. From the server: the reason, as one string.",
+      "description": "Optional kick reason.",
-      "minItems": 1
+      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "to", "body"],
+  "required": ["command", "to", "params"],
  "examples": [
    { "command": "KICK", "to": "#general", "body": ["troll", "Behave"] },
    { "command": "KICK", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "params": ["troll"], "body": ["Behave"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,29 +2,28 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/MODE.json",
  "title": "MODE",
-  "description": "Query or change a channel's modes or the user's own modes. A client sends it. The server sends it to every member of the channel when a channel mode changes. A +H or -H sent over the HTTP API is the exception. The server answers it with RPL_CHANNELMODEIS (324) and sends no MODE. RFC 1459 §4.2.3.",
+  "description": "Set or query channel/user modes. RFC 1459 §4.2.3.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "MODE" },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The nick that changed the mode. The server sets it."
+      "description": "Nick that set the mode (S2C only)."
    },
    "to": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "A channel name, which starts with #, or the user's own nick."
+      "description": "Channel name.",
      "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$"
    },
-    "body": {
+    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "From a client: the mode change and then its value, as separate strings, such as \"+o\" and \"bob\". A MODE without a body is a query. From the server: the change and its value, as one string, such as \"+o bob\", or as separate strings, such as \"+k\" and \"secret\".",
+      "description": "Mode string and optional target nick. e.g. [\"+o\", \"alice\"].",
-      "examples": [["+o", "bob"], ["-m"], ["+o bob"], ["+k", "secret"]]
+      "examples": [["+o", "alice"], ["-m"], ["+v", "bob"]]
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "to"],
+  "required": ["command", "to", "params"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "MODE", "to": "#general", "body": ["+o", "bob"] },
+    { "command": "MODE", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "params": ["+o", "alice"] }
    { "command": "MODE", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "body": ["+o bob"] },
    { "command": "MODE", "from": "op1", "to": "#general", "body": ["+k", "secret"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/NICK.json",
  "title": "NICK",
-  "description": "Change nick. A client sends it to change its nick. The server sends it to the user's own clients and to the users who share a channel with the user. RFC 1459 §4.1.2.",
+  "description": "Change nickname. C2S: request new nick. S2C: notification of nick change. RFC 1459 §4.1.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "NICK" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The old nick. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Old nick (S2C)." },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The new nick, as the first string. The server sends one string.",
+      "description": "New nick (single-element array).",
-      "minItems": 1
+      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "body"],
  "examples": [
    { "command": "NICK", "body": ["newnick"] },
    { "command": "NICK", "from": "oldnick", "body": ["newnick"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,21 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/NOTICE.json",
  "title": "NOTICE",
-  "description": "A notice: a message to a channel or a user that a client must not answer automatically. The server relays it as it relays a PRIVMSG. A NOTICE to a channel with mode +H needs no hashcash stamp. RFC 1459 §4.4.2.",
+  "description": "Send a notice. Like PRIVMSG but must not trigger automatic replies. RFC 1459 §4.4.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "NOTICE" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The sender's nick. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string" },
-    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "A channel name, which starts with #, or a nick." },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Target: #channel, nick, or * (global)." },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The lines of the notice, one string per line.",
+      "description": "Notice text lines."
      "minItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "to", "body"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "NOTICE", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": ["Back in five minutes"] }
+    { "command": "NOTICE", "from": "server.example.com", "to": "*", "body": ["Server restarting in 5 minutes"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,20 +2,17 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PART.json",
  "title": "PART",
-  "description": "Leave a channel. A client sends it to leave. The server sends it to every member of the channel when a user leaves, the leaving user included. RFC 1459 §4.2.2.",
+  "description": "Leave a channel. C2S: request to leave. S2C: notification that a user left. RFC 1459 §4.2.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "PART" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that left. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that left (S2C)." },
-    "to": {
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" },
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The channel name. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The reason for leaving. A client may send one as the first string. The server always sends one string, which is empty when no reason was given."
+      "description": "Optional part reason.",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "to"],
@@ -2,13 +2,19 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PING.json",
  "title": "PING",
-  "description": "A check that the server still answers. A client sends it. The server ignores every field but 'command'. Its answer is a PONG in the HTTP response. RFC 1459 §4.6.2.",
+  "description": "Keepalive. C2S or S2S. Server responds with PONG. RFC 1459 §4.6.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
-    "command": { "const": "PING" }
+    "command": { "const": "PING" },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
      "description": "Opaque token to be echoed in PONG (single-element array).",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": ["command"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "PING" }
+    { "command": "PING", "body": ["1707580000"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,14 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PONG.json",
  "title": "PONG",
-  "description": "The answer to a PING. The server sends it as the HTTP response to the PING, with only 'command' and 'from'. A client's PONG gets ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND (421). RFC 1459 §4.6.3.",
+  "description": "Keepalive response. S2C or S2S. RFC 1459 §4.6.3.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "PONG" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The server name." }
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Responding server name." },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
      "description": "Echoed token from PING (single-element array).",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "from"],
+  "required": ["command"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "PONG", "from": "neoirc" }
+    { "command": "PONG", "from": "server.example.com", "body": ["1707580000"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PRIVMSG.json",
  "title": "PRIVMSG",
-  "description": "A message to a channel or a user. A client sends it. The server relays it to every member of the channel, or to the user, and to the sender's own clients. RFC 1459 §4.4.1.",
+  "description": "Send a message to a channel or user. C2S: client sends to server. S2C: server relays to recipients. RFC 1459 §4.4.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "PRIVMSG" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The sender's nick. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Sender nick (set by server on relay)." },
-    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "A channel name, which starts with #, or a nick.", "examples": ["#general", "alice"] },
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Target: #channel or nick.", "examples": ["#general", "alice"] },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The lines of the message, one string per line.",
+      "description": "Message lines. One string per line.",
      "minItems": 1
    }
  },
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@
  "examples": [
    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "#general", "body": ["hello world"] },
    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "#general", "body": ["line one", "line two"] },
-    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "alice", "body": ["hey"] }
+    { "command": "PRIVMSG", "from": "bob", "to": "alice", "body": ["hey"], "meta": { "sig": "base64...", "alg": "ed25519" } }
  ]
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
 {
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/PUBKEY.json",
  "title": "PUBKEY",
  "description": "Announce or relay a user's public signing key. C2S: client announces key to channel or server. S2C: server relays to channel members. Protocol extension (not in RFC 1459). Body is a structured object (not an array) containing the key material.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "PUBKEY" },
    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick announcing the key (set by server on relay)." },
    "to": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Target: #channel to announce to channel members, or omit for server-wide announcement."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Key material.",
      "properties": {
        "alg": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Key algorithm.",
          "enum": ["ed25519"]
        },
        "key": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Base64-encoded public key."
        }
      },
      "required": ["alg", "key"],
      "additionalProperties": false
    }
  },
  "required": ["command", "body"],
  "examples": [
    { "command": "PUBKEY", "from": "alice", "body": { "alg": "ed25519", "key": "base64-encoded-pubkey" } },
    { "command": "PUBKEY", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": { "alg": "ed25519", "key": "base64-encoded-pubkey" } }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,20 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/QUIT.json",
  "title": "QUIT",
-  "description": "A user left the server. A client sends it to end its session. The server sends it to the users who shared a channel with the user who left. RFC 1459 §4.1.6.",
+  "description": "User disconnected. S2C only. RFC 1459 §4.1.6.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "QUIT" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that quit. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that quit." },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The reason for leaving. A client may send one as the first string, and the server uses 'Client quit' when it does not. The server always sends one string."
+      "description": "Optional quit reason.",
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command"],
+  "required": ["command", "from"],
  "examples": [
-    { "command": "QUIT", "body": ["Gone for the day"] },
+    { "command": "QUIT", "from": "alice", "body": ["Connection reset"] }
    { "command": "QUIT", "from": "alice", "body": ["Connection closed"] }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,24 +2,20 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/commands/TOPIC.json",
  "title": "TOPIC",
-  "description": "Set a channel's topic. A client sends it to set the topic. The server sends it to every member of the channel when the topic changes. RFC 1459 §4.2.4.",
+  "description": "Get or set channel topic. C2S: set topic (body present) or query (body absent). S2C: topic change notification. RFC 1459 §4.2.4.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": { "const": "TOPIC" },
-    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "The nick that set the topic. The server sets it." },
+    "from": { "type": "string", "description": "Nick that changed the topic (S2C)." },
-    "to": {
+    "to": { "type": "string", "description": "Channel name.", "pattern": "^#[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$" },
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The channel name. The server adds the # if a client leaves it out.",
      "pattern": "^#?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,63}$"
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The new topic. The server joins a client's strings with spaces, and sends the topic as one string. [\"\"] clears the topic.",
+      "description": "New topic text (single-element array). Empty array clears the topic.",
-      "minItems": 1
+      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
-  "required": ["command", "to", "body"],
+  "required": ["command", "to"],
  "examples": [
    { "command": "TOPIC", "from": "alice", "to": "#general", "body": ["Welcome to the channel"] }
  ]
@@ -2,55 +2,67 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/message.json",
  "title": "IRC Message Envelope",
-  "description": "Every message in the HTTP API is one JSON object with these fields. Only 'command' is always present.",
+  "description": "Base envelope for all messages. Mirrors IRC wire format (RFC 1459/2812) encoded as JSON over HTTP. The 'command' field carries either an IRC command name (PRIVMSG, JOIN, etc.) or a three-digit numeric reply code (001, 353, 433, etc.).",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "id": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid",
-      "description": "The message's UUID, which the server assigns. Present on every message the server queues for a client."
+      "description": "Server-assigned message UUID. Present on all server-originated messages."
    },
    "command": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "An IRC command name, such as PRIVMSG, or the name of a numeric reply, such as RPL_WELCOME. The server reads a client's command in any case and sends it in upper case.",
+      "description": "IRC command name (PRIVMSG, JOIN, NICK, etc.) or three-digit numeric reply code (001, 353, 433, etc.).",
-      "examples": ["PRIVMSG", "JOIN", "RPL_WELCOME", "ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE"]
+      "examples": ["PRIVMSG", "JOIN", "001", "353", "433"]
    },
    "code": {
      "type": "integer",
      "minimum": 1,
      "maximum": 999,
      "description": "The number of a numeric reply, such as 1 for RPL_WELCOME. Absent on other messages."
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The sender's nick, or the server name on a numeric reply or a PONG. The server sets it and ignores it from a client."
+      "description": "Source — nick for user messages, server name for server messages. Equivalent to IRC prefix."
    },
    "to": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The target: a channel name, such as #general, or a nick. A WALLOPS has * here."
+      "description": "Target — channel (#name) or nick. Equivalent to first IRC parameter for most commands."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": { "type": "string" },
-      "description": "The message's other parameters, in order. KICK events and many numeric replies have it. The server ignores it from a client."
+      "description": "Additional parameters (used primarily by numeric replies). Equivalent to IRC middle parameters."
    },
    "body": {
-      "type": "array",
+      "oneOf": [
-      "items": { "type": "string" },
+        {
-      "description": "An array of strings, never a bare string. In a PRIVMSG or NOTICE, each string is one line of text."
+          "type": "array",
          "items": { "type": "string" },
          "description": "Array of strings (one per line for text messages)."
        },
        {
          "type": "object",
          "description": "Structured data (e.g. PUBKEY key material).",
          "additionalProperties": true
        }
      ],
      "description": "Message body. MUST be an array or object, never a raw string. Arrays represent lines of text; objects carry structured data. This enables deterministic canonicalization (RFC 8785 JCS) for signing."
    },
    "ts": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "date-time",
-      "description": "The time the server stored the message, as an RFC 3339 time in UTC."
+      "description": "Server-assigned timestamp (ISO 8601). Not present in original IRC; added for HTTP transport."
    },
    "meta": {
      "type": "object",
-      "description": "An object of extra data. Every message the server queues for a client has meta, which is {} when there is none. The server keeps a client's meta only on a PRIVMSG or NOTICE, and relays it unchanged.",
+      "description": "Extensible metadata. Used for signatures (meta.sig, meta.alg), hashes (meta.hash), and client extensions.",
      "properties": {
-        "hashcash": {
+        "sig": {
          "type": "string",
-          "description": "A hashcash stamp. A PRIVMSG to a channel with mode +H needs one."
+          "description": "Base64-encoded cryptographic signature over the canonical message form."
        },
        "alg": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Signature algorithm (e.g. 'ed25519')."
        },
        "hash": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Hash of the canonical message form (e.g. 'sha256:base64...')."
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": true
@@ -2,45 +2,32 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/001.json",
  "title": "001 RPL_WELCOME",
-  "description": "Welcomes the user. Sent after a session is created, after a login, and in answer to MOTD. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Welcome message sent after successful session creation. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_WELCOME"
+      "const": "001"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 1
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
      "type": "string",
-      "description": "The user's nick."
+      "description": "Target nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'Welcome to the network, ' and the user's nick.",
+      "description": "Welcome text lines."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_WELCOME",
+      "command": "001",
      "code": 1,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "Welcome to the network, alice"
@@ -2,48 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/002.json",
  "title": "002 RPL_YOURHOST",
-  "description": "The server's name and version. Sent right after RPL_WELCOME. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Server host info sent after session creation. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_YOURHOST"
+      "const": "002"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 2
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'Your host is ', the server name, ', running version ' and the version.",
+      "description": "Host info lines."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_YOURHOST",
+      "command": "002",
      "code": 2,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
-        "Your host is neoirc, running version dev"
+        "Your host is neoirc.example.com, running version 0.1.0"
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,45 +2,31 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/003.json",
  "title": "003 RPL_CREATED",
-  "description": "The date the server last started. Sent right after RPL_YOURHOST. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Server creation date. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_CREATED"
+      "const": "003"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 3
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'This server was created ' and the start date as YYYY-MM-DD.",
+      "description": "Text lines."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_CREATED",
+      "command": "003",
      "code": 3,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "This server was created 2026-02-01"
@@ -2,64 +2,37 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/004.json",
  "title": "004 RPL_MYINFO",
-  "description": "The server's name, its version, and its lists of user and channel modes. Sent right after RPL_CREATED. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Server info (name, version, available modes). RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_MYINFO"
+      "const": "004"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 4
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The server name, the version, the user modes 'ow' and the channel modes 'Hbiklmnostv'.",
+      "description": "[server_name, version, user_modes, channel_modes]."
      "minItems": 4,
      "maxItems": 4
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
      "description": "One empty string.",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_MYINFO",
+      "command": "004",
      "code": 4,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
-        "neoirc",
+        "neoirc.example.com",
-        "dev",
+        "0.1.0",
-        "ow",
+        "o",
-        "Hbiklmnostv"
+        "imnst+ov"
      ],
      "body": [
        ""
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,55 +2,38 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/322.json",
  "title": "322 RPL_LIST",
-  "description": "One channel in the answer to LIST. The answer has one per channel, except a secret channel, one with mode +s, that the user is not on. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "Channel list entry. One per channel in response to LIST. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_LIST"
+      "const": "322"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 322
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name and its number of members.",
+      "description": "[channel, visible_count]."
      "minItems": 2,
      "maxItems": 2
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: the channel's topic, empty when it has none.",
+      "description": "Channel topic."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_LIST",
+      "command": "322",
      "code": 322,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#general",
@@ -2,49 +2,26 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/323.json",
  "title": "323 RPL_LISTEND",
-  "description": "The end of the answer to LIST. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "End of channel list. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_LISTEND"
+      "const": "323"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 323
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'End of /LIST'.",
+      "description": "End of /LIST",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
+    "to"
    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
      "command": "RPL_LISTEND",
      "code": 323,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "End of /LIST"
      ]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,55 +2,39 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/332.json",
  "title": "332 RPL_TOPIC",
-  "description": "A channel's topic. Sent to a client after it sets the topic, and after it joins a channel that has one. Also sent for each of a session's channels that has one after a login, and for GET /api/v1/state?initChannelState=1. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "Channel topic (sent on JOIN or TOPIC query). RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_TOPIC"
+      "const": "332"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 332
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
+      "description": "[channel]."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: the topic.",
+      "description": "Topic text."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
    "params",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_TOPIC",
+      "command": "332",
      "code": 332,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#general"
@@ -2,62 +2,46 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/353.json",
  "title": "353 RPL_NAMREPLY",
-  "description": "A channel's members. Sent to a client after it joins a channel, and in answer to NAMES. Also sent for each of a session's channels after a login, and for GET /api/v1/state?initChannelState=1. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "Channel member list. Sent on JOIN or NAMES query. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_NAMREPLY"
+      "const": "353"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 353
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "'=' and the channel name. The server always sends '='.",
+      "description": "[channel_type, channel]. channel_type: = (public), * (private), @ (secret)."
      "minItems": 2,
      "maxItems": 2
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: the members as nick!user@host, separated by spaces. '@' comes before a channel operator and '+' before a voiced member. The host is '*' when the server does not know it.",
+      "description": "Space-separated list of nicks. Prefixed with @ for ops, + for voiced."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
    "params",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_NAMREPLY",
+      "command": "353",
      "code": 353,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "=",
        "#general"
      ],
      "body": [
-        "@op1!op1@host1 alice!alice@host2 +bob!bob@host3"
+        "@op1 alice bob +voiced1"
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,62 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/366.json",
  "title": "366 RPL_ENDOFNAMES",
-  "description": "The end of a channel's member list. It comes after the RPL_NAMREPLY for the channel. RFC 1459 §6.2.",
+  "description": "End of NAMES list. RFC 1459 \u00a76.2.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_ENDOFNAMES"
+      "const": "366"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 366
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
+      "description": "[channel]."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'End of /NAMES list'.",
+      "description": "End of /NAMES list",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
      "command": "RPL_ENDOFNAMES",
      "code": 366,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#general"
      ],
      "body": [
        "End of /NAMES list"
      ]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,45 +2,31 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/372.json",
  "title": "372 RPL_MOTD",
-  "description": "One line of the message of the day. The server sends one per line, after RPL_MOTDSTART. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "MOTD line. One message per line of the MOTD. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_MOTD"
+      "const": "372"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 372
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: '- ' and the line.",
+      "description": "MOTD line text (prefixed with '- ')."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "RPL_MOTD",
+      "command": "372",
      "code": 372,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "- Welcome to our server!"
@@ -2,49 +2,25 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/375.json",
  "title": "375 RPL_MOTDSTART",
-  "description": "The start of the message of the day. Sent after RPL_LUSERME (255) when the server has a message of the day. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "Start of MOTD. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_MOTDSTART"
+      "const": "375"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 375
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: '- ', the server name and ' Message of the Day -'.",
+      "description": "Text lines."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
+    "to"
    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
      "command": "RPL_MOTDSTART",
      "code": 375,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "- neoirc Message of the Day -"
      ]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,49 +2,26 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/376.json",
  "title": "376 RPL_ENDOFMOTD",
-  "description": "The end of the message of the day. RFC 2812 §5.1.",
+  "description": "End of MOTD. RFC 2812 \u00a75.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "RPL_ENDOFMOTD"
+      "const": "376"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 376
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'End of /MOTD command.'.",
+      "description": "End of /MOTD command",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
-    "code",
+    "to"
    "from",
    "to",
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
      "command": "RPL_ENDOFMOTD",
      "code": 376,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "body": [
        "End of /MOTD command."
      ]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,61 +2,45 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/401.json",
  "title": "401 ERR_NOSUCHNICK",
-  "description": "No user has that nick. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "No such nick/channel. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NOSUCHNICK"
+      "const": "401"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 401
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The nick that was not found.",
+      "description": "[target_nick]."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'No such nick' in answer to a PRIVMSG or NOTICE, and 'No such nick/channel' in answer to anything else.",
+      "description": "No such nick/channel",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "ERR_NOSUCHNICK",
+      "command": "401",
      "code": 401,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "bob"
      ],
      "body": [
-        "No such nick"
+        "No such nick/channel"
      ]
    }
  ]
@@ -2,55 +2,39 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/403.json",
  "title": "403 ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL",
-  "description": "No channel has that name. A JOIN with a channel name that the server does not allow gets it too. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "No such channel. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL"
+      "const": "403"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 403
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
+      "description": "[channel_name]."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'No such channel'.",
+      "description": "No such channel",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL",
+      "command": "403",
      "code": 403,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#nonexistent"
@@ -2,58 +2,42 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/433.json",
  "title": "433 ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE",
-  "description": "Another user has the nick. Sent in answer to a NICK. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "Nickname is already in use. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE"
+      "const": "433"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 433
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick, which has not changed."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The nick that was asked for.",
+      "description": "[requested_nick]."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'Nickname is already in use'.",
+      "description": "Nickname is already in use",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
-      "command": "ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE",
+      "command": "433",
-      "code": 433,
+      "to": "*",
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
-        "bob"
+        "alice"
      ],
      "body": [
        "Nickname is already in use"
@@ -2,62 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/442.json",
  "title": "442 ERR_NOTONCHANNEL",
-  "description": "The user is not on that channel. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "You're not on that channel. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_NOTONCHANNEL"
+      "const": "442"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 442
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
+      "description": "[channel]."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'You're not on that channel'.",
+      "description": "You're not on that channel",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
      "command": "ERR_NOTONCHANNEL",
      "code": 442,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#general"
      ],
      "body": [
        "You're not on that channel"
      ]
    }
  ]
 }
@@ -2,62 +2,34 @@
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://sneak.berlin/go/neoirc/schema/numerics/482.json",
  "title": "482 ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED",
-  "description": "The user is not a channel operator, and the command needs one. RFC 1459 §6.1.",
+  "description": "You're not channel operator. RFC 1459 \u00a76.1.",
  "$ref": "../message.json",
  "properties": {
    "command": {
-      "const": "ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED"
+      "const": "482"
    },
    "code": {
      "const": 482
    },
    "from": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The server name."
    },
    "to": {
-      "type": "string",
+      "type": "string"
      "description": "The user's nick."
    },
    "params": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "The channel name.",
+      "description": "[channel]."
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    },
    "body": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string"
      },
-      "description": "One string: 'You're not channel operator'.",
+      "description": "You're not channel operator",
      "minItems": 1,
      "maxItems": 1
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "command",
    "code",
    "from",
    "to",
-    "params",
+    "params"
    "body"
  ],
  "examples": [
    {
      "command": "ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED",
      "code": 482,
      "from": "neoirc",
      "to": "alice",
      "params": [
        "#general"
      ],
      "body": [
        "You're not channel operator"
      ]
    }
  ]
 }