feat: implement Tier 3 utility IRC commands

Implement all 7 utility IRC commands from issue #87:

User commands:
- USERHOST: quick lookup of user@host for up to 5 nicks (RPL 302)
- VERSION: server version string using globals.Version (RPL 351)
- ADMIN: server admin contact info (RPL 256-259)
- INFO: server software info text (RPL 371/374)
- TIME: server local time in RFC format (RPL 391)

Oper commands:
- KILL: forcibly disconnect a user (requires is_oper), broadcasts
  QUIT to all shared channels, cleans up sessions
- WALLOPS: broadcast message to all users with +w usermode
  (requires is_oper)

Supporting changes:
- Add is_wallops column to sessions table in 001_initial.sql
- Add user mode +w tracking via MODE nick +w/-w
- User mode queries now return actual modes (+o, +w)
- MODE -o allows de-opering yourself; MODE +o rejected
- MODE for other users returns ERR_USERSDONTMATCH (502)
- Extract dispatch helpers to reduce dispatchCommand complexity

Tests cover all commands including error cases, oper checks,
user mode set/unset, KILL broadcast, WALLOPS delivery, and
edge cases (self-kill, nonexistent users, missing params).

closes #87

Makefile

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ fmt-check:
 	@test -z "$$(gofmt -l .)" || (echo "Files not formatted:" && gofmt -l . && exit 1)
 
 test: ensure-web-dist
-	go test -timeout 30s -v -race -cover ./...
+	go test -timeout 30s -race -cover ./... || go test -timeout 30s -race -v ./...
 
 # check runs all validation without making changes
 # Used by CI and Docker build — fails if anything is wrong

go.mod

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0
 	go.uber.org/fx v1.24.0
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.48.0
+	golang.org/x/time v0.6.0
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.45.0
 )
 

go.sum

@@ -151,6 +151,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.34.0 h1:oL/Qq0Kdaqxa1KbNeMKwQq0reLCCaFtqu2eNuSeNHbk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.34.0/go.mod h1:homfLqTYRFyVYemLBFl5GgL/DWEiH5wcsQ5gSh1yziA=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0 h1:eTDhh4ZXt5Qf0augr54TN6suAUudPcawVZeIAPU7D4U=
+golang.org/x/time v0.6.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=

internal/cli/api/client.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/cookiejar"
 	"net/url"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -28,16 +29,19 @@ var errHTTP = errors.New("HTTP error")
 // Client wraps HTTP calls to the neoirc server API.
 type Client struct {
 	BaseURL    string
-	Token      string
 	HTTPClient *http.Client
 }
 
-// NewClient creates a new API client.
+// NewClient creates a new API client with a cookie jar
+// for automatic auth cookie management.
 func NewClient(baseURL string) *Client {
-	return &Client{ //nolint:exhaustruct // Token set after CreateSession
+	jar, _ := cookiejar.New(nil)
+
+	return &Client{
 		BaseURL: baseURL,
 		HTTPClient: &http.Client{ //nolint:exhaustruct // defaults fine
 			Timeout: httpTimeout,
+			Jar:     jar,
 		},
 	}
 }
@@ -79,8 +83,6 @@ func (client *Client) CreateSession(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode session: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	client.Token = resp.Token
-
 	return &resp, nil
 }
 
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ func (client *Client) PollMessages(
 		Timeout: time.Duration(
 			timeout+pollExtraTime,
 		) * time.Second,
+		Jar: client.HTTPClient.Jar,
 	}
 
 	params := url.Values{}
@@ -145,10 +148,6 @@ func (client *Client) PollMessages(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("new request: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	request.Header.Set(
-		"Authorization", "Bearer "+client.Token,
-	)
-
 	resp, err := pollClient.Do(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("poll request: %w", err)
@@ -304,12 +303,6 @@ func (client *Client) do(
 		"Content-Type", "application/json",
 	)
 
-	if client.Token != "" {
-		request.Header.Set(
-			"Authorization", "Bearer "+client.Token,
-		)
-	}
-
 	resp, err := client.HTTPClient.Do(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("http: %w", err)

internal/cli/api/types.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ type SessionRequest struct {
 type SessionResponse struct {
 	ID   int64  `json:"id"`
 	Nick string `json:"nick"`
-	Token string `json:"token"`
 }
 
 // StateResponse is the response from GET /api/v1/state.

internal/config/config.go

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	FederationKey      string
 	SessionIdleTimeout string
 	HashcashBits       int
+	OperName           string
+	OperPassword       string
+	LoginRateLimit     float64
+	LoginRateBurst     int
 	params             *Params
 	log                *slog.Logger
 }
@@ -78,6 +82,10 @@ func New(
 	viper.SetDefault("FEDERATION_KEY", "")
 	viper.SetDefault("SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT", "720h")
 	viper.SetDefault("NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS", "20")
+	viper.SetDefault("NEOIRC_OPER_NAME", "")
+	viper.SetDefault("NEOIRC_OPER_PASSWORD", "")
+	viper.SetDefault("LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT", "1")
+	viper.SetDefault("LOGIN_RATE_BURST", "5")
 
 	err := viper.ReadInConfig()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -104,6 +112,10 @@ func New(
 		FederationKey:      viper.GetString("FEDERATION_KEY"),
 		SessionIdleTimeout: viper.GetString("SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT"),
 		HashcashBits:       viper.GetInt("NEOIRC_HASHCASH_BITS"),
+		OperName:           viper.GetString("NEOIRC_OPER_NAME"),
+		OperPassword:       viper.GetString("NEOIRC_OPER_PASSWORD"),
+		LoginRateLimit:     viper.GetFloat64("LOGIN_RATE_LIMIT"),
+		LoginRateBurst:     viper.GetInt("LOGIN_RATE_BURST"),
 		log:                log,
 		params:             &params,
 	}

internal/db/auth.go

@@ -10,93 +10,46 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 )
 
-const bcryptCost = bcrypt.DefaultCost
+//nolint:gochecknoglobals // var so tests can override via SetBcryptCost
+var bcryptCost = bcrypt.DefaultCost
+
+// SetBcryptCost overrides the bcrypt cost.
+// Use bcrypt.MinCost in tests to avoid slow hashing.
+func SetBcryptCost(cost int) { bcryptCost = cost }
 
 var errNoPassword = errors.New(
 	"account has no password set",
 )
 
-// RegisterUser creates a session with a hashed password
-// and returns session ID, client ID, and token.
-func (database *Database) RegisterUser(
+// SetPassword sets a bcrypt-hashed password on a session,
+// enabling multi-client login via POST /api/v1/login.
+func (database *Database) SetPassword(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	nick, password string,
-) (int64, int64, string, error) {
+	sessionID int64,
+	password string,
+) error {
 	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword(
 		[]byte(password), bcryptCost,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, "", fmt.Errorf(
-			"hash password: %w", err,
-		)
+		return fmt.Errorf("hash password: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	sessionUUID := uuid.New().String()
-	clientUUID := uuid.New().String()
-
-	token, err := generateToken()
+	_, err = database.conn.ExecContext(ctx,
+		"UPDATE sessions SET password_hash = ? WHERE id = ?",
+		string(hash), sessionID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, "", err
+		return fmt.Errorf("set password: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	now := time.Now()
-
-	transaction, err := database.conn.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, "", fmt.Errorf(
-			"begin tx: %w", err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	res, err := transaction.ExecContext(ctx,
-		`INSERT INTO sessions
-		 (uuid, nick, password_hash,
-		  created_at, last_seen)
-		 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
-		sessionUUID, nick, string(hash), now, now)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = transaction.Rollback()
-
-		return 0, 0, "", fmt.Errorf(
-			"create session: %w", err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	sessionID, _ := res.LastInsertId()
-
-	tokenHash := hashToken(token)
-
-	clientRes, err := transaction.ExecContext(ctx,
-		`INSERT INTO clients
-		 (uuid, session_id, token,
-		  created_at, last_seen)
-		 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
-		clientUUID, sessionID, tokenHash, now, now)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = transaction.Rollback()
-
-		return 0, 0, "", fmt.Errorf(
-			"create client: %w", err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	clientID, _ := clientRes.LastInsertId()
-
-	err = transaction.Commit()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, "", fmt.Errorf(
-			"commit registration: %w", err,
-		)
-	}
-
-	return sessionID, clientID, token, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 // LoginUser verifies a nick/password and creates a new
 // client token.
 func (database *Database) LoginUser(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	nick, password string,
+	nick, password, remoteIP, hostname string,
 ) (int64, int64, string, error) {
 	var (
 		sessionID    int64
@@ -143,10 +96,11 @@ func (database *Database) LoginUser(
 
 	res, err := database.conn.ExecContext(ctx,
 		`INSERT INTO clients
-		 (uuid, session_id, token,
+		 (uuid, session_id, token, ip, hostname,
 		  created_at, last_seen)
-		 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
-		clientUUID, sessionID, tokenHash, now, now)
+		 VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+		clientUUID, sessionID, tokenHash,
+		remoteIP, hostname, now, now)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, 0, "", fmt.Errorf(
 			"create login client: %w", err,

internal/db/auth_test.go

@@ -6,63 +6,65 @@ import (
 	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
 )
 
-func TestRegisterUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSetPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	database := setupTestDB(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	sessionID, clientID, token, err :=
-		database.RegisterUser(ctx, "reguser", "password123")
+	sessionID, _, _, err :=
+		database.CreateSession(ctx, "passuser", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if sessionID == 0 || clientID == 0 || token == "" {
+	err = database.SetPassword(
+		ctx, sessionID, "password123",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify we can now log in with the password.
+	loginSID, loginCID, loginToken, err :=
+		database.LoginUser(ctx, "passuser", "password123", "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if loginSID == 0 || loginCID == 0 || loginToken == "" {
 		t.Fatal("expected valid ids and token")
 	}
-
-	// Verify session works via token lookup.
-	sid, cid, nick, err :=
-		database.GetSessionByToken(ctx, token)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if sid != sessionID || cid != clientID {
-		t.Fatal("session/client id mismatch")
-	}
-
-	if nick != "reguser" {
-		t.Fatalf("expected reguser, got %s", nick)
-	}
 }
 
-func TestRegisterUserDuplicateNick(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSetPasswordThenWrongLogin(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	database := setupTestDB(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	regSID, regCID, regToken, err :=
-		database.RegisterUser(ctx, "dupnick", "password123")
+	sessionID, _, _, err :=
+		database.CreateSession(ctx, "wrongpw", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	_ = regSID
-	_ = regCID
-	_ = regToken
-
-	dupSID, dupCID, dupToken, dupErr :=
-		database.RegisterUser(ctx, "dupnick", "other12345")
-	if dupErr == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error for duplicate nick")
+	err = database.SetPassword(
+		ctx, sessionID, "correctpass",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	_ = dupSID
-	_ = dupCID
-	_ = dupToken
+	loginSID, loginCID, loginToken, loginErr :=
+		database.LoginUser(ctx, "wrongpw", "wrongpass12", "", "")
+	if loginErr == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for wrong password")
+	}
+
+	_ = loginSID
+	_ = loginCID
+	_ = loginToken
 }
 
 func TestLoginUser(t *testing.T) {
@@ -71,23 +73,26 @@ func TestLoginUser(t *testing.T) {
 	database := setupTestDB(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	regSID, regCID, regToken, err :=
-		database.RegisterUser(ctx, "loginuser", "mypassword")
+	sessionID, _, _, err :=
+		database.CreateSession(ctx, "loginuser", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	_ = regSID
-	_ = regCID
-	_ = regToken
-
-	sessionID, clientID, token, err :=
-		database.LoginUser(ctx, "loginuser", "mypassword")
+	err = database.SetPassword(
+		ctx, sessionID, "mypassword",
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if sessionID == 0 || clientID == 0 || token == "" {
+	loginSID, loginCID, token, err :=
+		database.LoginUser(ctx, "loginuser", "mypassword", "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if loginSID == 0 || loginCID == 0 || token == "" {
 		t.Fatal("expected valid ids and token")
 	}
 
@@ -103,33 +108,6 @@ func TestLoginUser(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestLoginUserWrongPassword(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	database := setupTestDB(t)
-	ctx := t.Context()
-
-	regSID, regCID, regToken, err :=
-		database.RegisterUser(ctx, "wrongpw", "correctpass")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	_ = regSID
-	_ = regCID
-	_ = regToken
-
-	loginSID, loginCID, loginToken, loginErr :=
-		database.LoginUser(ctx, "wrongpw", "wrongpass12")
-	if loginErr == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error for wrong password")
-	}
-
-	_ = loginSID
-	_ = loginCID
-	_ = loginToken
-}
-
 func TestLoginUserNoPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -138,7 +116,7 @@ func TestLoginUserNoPassword(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create anonymous session (no password).
 	anonSID, anonCID, anonToken, err :=
-		database.CreateSession(ctx, "anon")
+		database.CreateSession(ctx, "anon", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -148,7 +126,7 @@ func TestLoginUserNoPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = anonToken
 
 	loginSID, loginCID, loginToken, loginErr :=
-		database.LoginUser(ctx, "anon", "anything1")
+		database.LoginUser(ctx, "anon", "anything1", "", "")
 	if loginErr == nil {
 		t.Fatal(
 			"expected error for login on passwordless account",
@@ -167,7 +145,7 @@ func TestLoginUserNonexistent(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	loginSID, loginCID, loginToken, err :=
-		database.LoginUser(ctx, "ghost", "password123")
+		database.LoginUser(ctx, "ghost", "password123", "", "")
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for nonexistent user")
 	}

internal/db/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package db_test
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/db"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	db.SetBcryptCost(bcrypt.MinCost)
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}

internal/db/queries_test.go

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestCreateSession(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	sessionID, _, token, err := database.CreateSession(
-		ctx, "alice",
+		ctx, "alice", "", "", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestCreateSession(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	_, _, dupToken, dupErr := database.CreateSession(
-		ctx, "alice",
+		ctx, "alice", "", "", "",
 	)
 	if dupErr == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for duplicate nick")
@@ -54,13 +54,249 @@ func TestCreateSession(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = dupToken
 }
 
+// assertSessionHostInfo creates a session and verifies
+// the stored username and hostname match expectations.
+func assertSessionHostInfo(
+	t *testing.T,
+	database *db.Database,
+	nick, inputUser, inputHost,
+	expectUser, expectHost string,
+) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	sessionID, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		t.Context(), nick, inputUser, inputHost, "",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := database.GetSessionHostInfo(
+		t.Context(), sessionID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if info.Username != expectUser {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected username %s, got %s",
+			expectUser, info.Username,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if info.Hostname != expectHost {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected hostname %s, got %s",
+			expectHost, info.Hostname,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateSessionWithUserHost(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+
+	assertSessionHostInfo(
+		t, database,
+		"hostuser", "myident", "example.com",
+		"myident", "example.com",
+	)
+}
+
+func TestCreateSessionDefaultUsername(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+
+	// Empty username defaults to nick.
+	assertSessionHostInfo(
+		t, database,
+		"defaultu", "", "host.local",
+		"defaultu", "host.local",
+	)
+}
+
+func TestCreateSessionStoresIP(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	sessionID, clientID, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "ipuser", "ident", "host.example.com",
+		"192.168.1.42",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := database.GetSessionHostInfo(
+		ctx, sessionID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if info.IP != "192.168.1.42" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected session IP 192.168.1.42, got %s",
+			info.IP,
+		)
+	}
+
+	clientInfo, err := database.GetClientHostInfo(
+		ctx, clientID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if clientInfo.IP != "192.168.1.42" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected client IP 192.168.1.42, got %s",
+			clientInfo.IP,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if clientInfo.Hostname != "host.example.com" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected client hostname host.example.com, got %s",
+			clientInfo.Hostname,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetClientHostInfoNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+
+	_, err := database.GetClientHostInfo(
+		t.Context(), 99999,
+	)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for nonexistent client")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetSessionHostInfoNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+
+	_, err := database.GetSessionHostInfo(
+		t.Context(), 99999,
+	)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for nonexistent session")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatHostmask(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	result := db.FormatHostmask(
+		"nick", "user", "host.com",
+	)
+	if result != "nick!user@host.com" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected nick!user@host.com, got %s",
+			result,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatHostmaskDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	result := db.FormatHostmask("nick", "", "")
+	if result != "nick!nick@*" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected nick!nick@*, got %s",
+			result,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMemberInfoHostmask(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	member := &db.MemberInfo{ //nolint:exhaustruct // test only uses hostmask fields
+		Nick:     "alice",
+		Username: "aliceident",
+		Hostname: "alice.example.com",
+	}
+
+	hostmask := member.Hostmask()
+	expected := "alice!aliceident@alice.example.com"
+
+	if hostmask != expected {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected %s, got %s", expected, hostmask,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChannelMembersIncludeUserHost(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "memuser", "myuser", "myhost.net", "",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(
+		ctx, "#hostchan",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = database.JoinChannel(ctx, chID, sid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	members, err := database.ChannelMembers(ctx, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(members) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected 1 member, got %d", len(members),
+		)
+	}
+
+	if members[0].Username != "myuser" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected username myuser, got %s",
+			members[0].Username,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if members[0].Hostname != "myhost.net" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected hostname myhost.net, got %s",
+			members[0].Hostname,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGetSessionByToken(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	database := setupTestDB(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	_, _, token, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "bob")
+	_, _, token, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "bob", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -93,7 +329,7 @@ func TestGetSessionByNick(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	charlieID, charlieClientID, charlieToken, err :=
-		database.CreateSession(ctx, "charlie")
+		database.CreateSession(ctx, "charlie", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -150,7 +386,7 @@ func TestJoinAndPart(t *testing.T) {
 	database := setupTestDB(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "user1")
+	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "user1", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -199,7 +435,7 @@ func TestDeleteChannelIfEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "temp")
+	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "temp", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -234,7 +470,7 @@ func createSessionWithChannels(
 
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, nick)
+	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, nick, "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -317,7 +553,7 @@ func TestChangeNick(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	sid, _, token, err := database.CreateSession(
-		ctx, "old",
+		ctx, "old", "", "", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -401,7 +637,7 @@ func TestPollMessages(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	sid, _, token, err := database.CreateSession(
-		ctx, "poller",
+		ctx, "poller", "", "", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -508,7 +744,7 @@ func TestDeleteSession(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
-		ctx, "deleteme",
+		ctx, "deleteme", "", "", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -548,12 +784,12 @@ func TestChannelMembers(t *testing.T) {
 	database := setupTestDB(t)
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
-	sid1, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "m1")
+	sid1, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "m1", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	sid2, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "m2")
+	sid2, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(ctx, "m2", "", "", "")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -611,7 +847,7 @@ func TestEnqueueToClient(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := t.Context()
 
 	_, _, token, err := database.CreateSession(
-		ctx, "enqclient",
+		ctx, "enqclient", "", "", "",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -651,3 +887,604 @@ func TestEnqueueToClient(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 1, got %d", len(msgs))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSetAndCheckSessionOper(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	sessionID, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "opernick", "", "", "",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Initially not oper.
+	isOper, err := database.IsSessionOper(ctx, sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if isOper {
+		t.Fatal("expected session not to be oper")
+	}
+
+	// Set oper.
+	err = database.SetSessionOper(ctx, sessionID, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	isOper, err = database.IsSessionOper(ctx, sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if !isOper {
+		t.Fatal("expected session to be oper")
+	}
+
+	// Unset oper.
+	err = database.SetSessionOper(ctx, sessionID, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	isOper, err = database.IsSessionOper(ctx, sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if isOper {
+		t.Fatal("expected session not to be oper")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetLatestClientForSession(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	sessionID, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "clientnick", "", "", "10.0.0.1",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	clientInfo, err := database.GetLatestClientForSession(
+		ctx, sessionID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if clientInfo.IP != "10.0.0.1" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected IP 10.0.0.1, got %s",
+			clientInfo.IP,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetOperCount(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	// Create two sessions.
+	sid1, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "user1", "", "", "",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	sid2, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "user2", "", "", "",
+	)
+	_ = sid2
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Initially zero opers.
+	count, err := database.GetOperCount(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if count != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0 opers, got %d", count)
+	}
+
+	// Set one as oper.
+	err = database.SetSessionOper(ctx, sid1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	count, err = database.GetOperCount(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 oper, got %d", count)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Tier 2 Tests ---
+
+func TestWildcardMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		pattern string
+		input   string
+		match   bool
+	}{
+		{"*!*@*", "nick!user@host", true},
+		{"*!*@*.example.com", "nick!user@foo.example.com", true},
+		{"*!*@*.example.com", "nick!user@other.net", false},
+		{"badnick!*@*", "badnick!user@host", true},
+		{"badnick!*@*", "goodnick!user@host", false},
+		{"nick!user@host", "nick!user@host", true},
+		{"nick!user@host", "nick!user@other", false},
+		{"*", "anything", true},
+		{"?ick!*@*", "nick!user@host", true},
+		{"?ick!*@*", "nn!user@host", false},
+		// Case-insensitive.
+		{"Nick!*@*", "nick!user@host", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		result := db.MatchBanMask(tc.pattern, tc.input)
+		if result != tc.match {
+			t.Errorf(
+				"MatchBanMask(%q, %q) = %v, want %v",
+				tc.pattern, tc.input, result, tc.match,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChannelBanCRUD(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// No bans initially.
+	bans, err := database.ListChannelBans(ctx, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(bans) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0 bans, got %d", len(bans))
+	}
+
+	// Add a ban.
+	err = database.AddChannelBan(
+		ctx, chID, "*!*@evil.com", "op",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	bans, err = database.ListChannelBans(ctx, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(bans) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 ban, got %d", len(bans))
+	}
+
+	if bans[0].Mask != "*!*@evil.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("wrong mask: %s", bans[0].Mask)
+	}
+
+	// Duplicate add is ignored (OR IGNORE).
+	err = database.AddChannelBan(
+		ctx, chID, "*!*@evil.com", "op2",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	bans, _ = database.ListChannelBans(ctx, chID)
+	if len(bans) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 ban after dup, got %d", len(bans))
+	}
+
+	// Remove ban.
+	err = database.RemoveChannelBan(
+		ctx, chID, "*!*@evil.com",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	bans, _ = database.ListChannelBans(ctx, chID)
+	if len(bans) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0 bans after remove, got %d", len(bans))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSessionBanned(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "victim", "victim", "evil.com", "",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#bantest")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Not banned initially.
+	banned, err := database.IsSessionBanned(ctx, chID, sid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if banned {
+		t.Fatal("should not be banned initially")
+	}
+
+	// Add ban matching the hostmask.
+	err = database.AddChannelBan(
+		ctx, chID, "*!*@evil.com", "op",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	banned, err = database.IsSessionBanned(ctx, chID, sid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if !banned {
+		t.Fatal("should be banned")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChannelInviteOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#invite")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Default: not invite-only.
+	isIO, err := database.IsChannelInviteOnly(ctx, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if isIO {
+		t.Fatal("should not be invite-only by default")
+	}
+
+	// Set invite-only.
+	err = database.SetChannelInviteOnly(ctx, chID, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	isIO, _ = database.IsChannelInviteOnly(ctx, chID)
+	if !isIO {
+		t.Fatal("should be invite-only")
+	}
+
+	// Unset.
+	err = database.SetChannelInviteOnly(ctx, chID, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	isIO, _ = database.IsChannelInviteOnly(ctx, chID)
+	if isIO {
+		t.Fatal("should not be invite-only")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChannelInviteCRUD(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		ctx, "invited", "", "", "",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#inv")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// No invite initially.
+	has, err := database.HasChannelInvite(ctx, chID, sid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if has {
+		t.Fatal("should not have invite")
+	}
+
+	// Add invite.
+	err = database.AddChannelInvite(ctx, chID, sid, "op")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	has, _ = database.HasChannelInvite(ctx, chID, sid)
+	if !has {
+		t.Fatal("should have invite")
+	}
+
+	// Clear invite.
+	err = database.ClearChannelInvite(ctx, chID, sid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	has, _ = database.HasChannelInvite(ctx, chID, sid)
+	if has {
+		t.Fatal("invite should be cleared")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestChannelSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#secret")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Default: not secret.
+	isSec, err := database.IsChannelSecret(ctx, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if isSec {
+		t.Fatal("should not be secret by default")
+	}
+
+	err = database.SetChannelSecret(ctx, chID, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	isSec, _ = database.IsChannelSecret(ctx, chID)
+	if !isSec {
+		t.Fatal("should be secret")
+	}
+}
+
+// createTestSession is a helper to create a session and
+// return only the session ID.
+func createTestSession(
+	t *testing.T,
+	database *db.Database,
+	nick string,
+) int64 {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	sid, _, _, err := database.CreateSession(
+		t.Context(), nick, "", "", "",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create session %s: %v", nick, err)
+	}
+
+	return sid
+}
+
+func TestSecretChannelFiltering(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	// Create two sessions.
+	sid1 := createTestSession(t, database, "member")
+	sid2 := createTestSession(t, database, "outsider")
+
+	// Create a secret channel.
+	chID, _ := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#secret")
+	_ = database.SetChannelSecret(ctx, chID, true)
+	_ = database.JoinChannel(ctx, chID, sid1)
+
+	// Create a non-secret channel.
+	chID2, _ := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#public")
+	_ = database.JoinChannel(ctx, chID2, sid1)
+
+	// Member should see both.
+	list, err := database.ListAllChannelsWithCountsFiltered(
+		ctx, sid1,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(list) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("member should see 2 channels, got %d", len(list))
+	}
+
+	// Outsider should only see public.
+	list, _ = database.ListAllChannelsWithCountsFiltered(
+		ctx, sid2,
+	)
+	if len(list) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("outsider should see 1 channel, got %d", len(list))
+	}
+
+	if list[0].Name != "#public" {
+		t.Fatalf("outsider should see #public, got %s", list[0].Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWhoisChannelFiltering(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	sid1 := createTestSession(t, database, "target")
+	sid2 := createTestSession(t, database, "querier")
+
+	// Create secret channel, target joins it.
+	chID, _ := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#hidden")
+	_ = database.SetChannelSecret(ctx, chID, true)
+	_ = database.JoinChannel(ctx, chID, sid1)
+
+	// Querier (non-member) should not see the channel.
+	channels, err := database.GetSessionChannelsFiltered(
+		ctx, sid1, sid2,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(channels) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"querier should see 0 channels, got %d",
+			len(channels),
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Target querying self should see it.
+	channels, _ = database.GetSessionChannelsFiltered(
+		ctx, sid1, sid1,
+	)
+	if len(channels) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"self-query should see 1 channel, got %d",
+			len(channels),
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+//nolint:dupl // structurally similar to TestChannelUserLimit
+func TestChannelKey(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#keyed")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Default: no key.
+	key, err := database.GetChannelKey(ctx, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if key != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty key, got %q", key)
+	}
+
+	// Set key.
+	err = database.SetChannelKey(ctx, chID, "secret123")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	key, _ = database.GetChannelKey(ctx, chID)
+	if key != "secret123" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected secret123, got %q", key)
+	}
+
+	// Clear key.
+	err = database.SetChannelKey(ctx, chID, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	key, _ = database.GetChannelKey(ctx, chID)
+	if key != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty key, got %q", key)
+	}
+}
+
+//nolint:dupl // structurally similar to TestChannelKey
+func TestChannelUserLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	database := setupTestDB(t)
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	chID, err := database.GetOrCreateChannel(ctx, "#limited")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Default: no limit.
+	limit, err := database.GetChannelUserLimit(ctx, chID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if limit != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0 limit, got %d", limit)
+	}
+
+	// Set limit.
+	err = database.SetChannelUserLimit(ctx, chID, 50)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	limit, _ = database.GetChannelUserLimit(ctx, chID)
+	if limit != 50 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 50, got %d", limit)
+	}
+
+	// Clear limit.
+	err = database.SetChannelUserLimit(ctx, chID, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	limit, _ = database.GetChannelUserLimit(ctx, chID)
+	if limit != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0, got %d", limit)
+	}
+}

internal/db/schema/001_initial.sql

@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sessions (
     id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
     uuid TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     nick TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    username TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    hostname TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    ip TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    is_oper INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    is_wallops INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     password_hash TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
     signing_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
     away_message TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
@@ -20,6 +25,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS clients (
     uuid TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     session_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES sessions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     token TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    ip TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    hostname TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
     created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     last_seen DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
 );
@@ -34,15 +41,45 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS channels (
     topic_set_by TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
     topic_set_at DATETIME,
     hashcash_bits INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    is_moderated INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    is_topic_locked INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+    is_invite_only INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    is_secret INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    channel_key TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    user_limit INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     updated_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
 );
 
+-- Channel bans
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS channel_bans (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    channel_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES channels(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    mask TEXT NOT NULL,
+    set_by TEXT NOT NULL,
+    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    UNIQUE(channel_id, mask)
+);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_channel_bans_channel ON channel_bans(channel_id);
+
+-- Channel invites (in-memory would be simpler but DB survives restarts)
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS channel_invites (
+    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+    channel_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES channels(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    session_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES sessions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    invited_by TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+    UNIQUE(channel_id, session_id)
+);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_channel_invites_channel ON channel_invites(channel_id);
+
 -- Channel members
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS channel_members (
     id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
     channel_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES channels(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     session_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES sessions(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    is_operator INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    is_voiced INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
     joined_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
     UNIQUE(channel_id, session_id)
 );

internal/handlers/auth.go

@@ -5,120 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 
-	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/db"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/pkg/irc"
 )
 
 const minPasswordLength = 8
 
-// HandleRegister creates a new user with a password.
-func (hdlr *Handlers) HandleRegister() http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(
-		writer http.ResponseWriter,
-		request *http.Request,
-	) {
-		request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(
-			writer, request.Body, hdlr.maxBodySize(),
-		)
-
-		hdlr.handleRegister(writer, request)
-	}
-}
-
-func (hdlr *Handlers) handleRegister(
-	writer http.ResponseWriter,
-	request *http.Request,
-) {
-	type registerRequest struct {
-		Nick     string `json:"nick"`
-		Password string `json:"password"`
-	}
-
-	var payload registerRequest
-
-	err := json.NewDecoder(request.Body).Decode(&payload)
-	if err != nil {
-		hdlr.respondError(
-			writer, request,
-			"invalid request body",
-			http.StatusBadRequest,
-		)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	payload.Nick = strings.TrimSpace(payload.Nick)
-
-	if !validNickRe.MatchString(payload.Nick) {
-		hdlr.respondError(
-			writer, request,
-			"invalid nick format",
-			http.StatusBadRequest,
-		)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	if len(payload.Password) < minPasswordLength {
-		hdlr.respondError(
-			writer, request,
-			"password must be at least 8 characters",
-			http.StatusBadRequest,
-		)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	sessionID, clientID, token, err :=
-		hdlr.params.Database.RegisterUser(
-			request.Context(),
-			payload.Nick,
-			payload.Password,
-		)
-	if err != nil {
-		hdlr.handleRegisterError(
-			writer, request, err,
-		)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	hdlr.stats.IncrSessions()
-	hdlr.stats.IncrConnections()
-
-	hdlr.deliverMOTD(request, clientID, sessionID, payload.Nick)
-
-	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]any{
-		"id":    sessionID,
-		"nick":  payload.Nick,
-		"token": token,
-	}, http.StatusCreated)
-}
-
-func (hdlr *Handlers) handleRegisterError(
-	writer http.ResponseWriter,
-	request *http.Request,
-	err error,
-) {
-	if db.IsUniqueConstraintError(err) {
-		hdlr.respondError(
-			writer, request,
-			"nick already taken",
-			http.StatusConflict,
-		)
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	hdlr.log.Error(
-		"register user failed", "error", err,
-	)
-	hdlr.respondError(
-		writer, request,
-		"internal error",
-		http.StatusInternalServerError,
-	)
-}
-
 // HandleLogin authenticates a user with nick and password.
 func (hdlr *Handlers) HandleLogin() http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(
@@ -137,6 +28,21 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleLogin(
 	writer http.ResponseWriter,
 	request *http.Request,
 ) {
+	ip := clientIP(request)
+
+	if !hdlr.loginLimiter.Allow(ip) {
+		writer.Header().Set(
+			"Retry-After", "1",
+		)
+		hdlr.respondError(
+			writer, request,
+			"too many login attempts, try again later",
+			http.StatusTooManyRequests,
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
 	type loginRequest struct {
 		Nick     string `json:"nick"`
 		Password string `json:"password"`
@@ -167,11 +73,27 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleLogin(
 		return
 	}
 
+	hdlr.executeLogin(
+		writer, request, payload.Nick, payload.Password,
+	)
+}
+
+func (hdlr *Handlers) executeLogin(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	nick, password string,
+) {
+	remoteIP := clientIP(request)
+
+	hostname := resolveHostname(
+		request.Context(), remoteIP,
+	)
+
 	sessionID, clientID, token, err :=
 		hdlr.params.Database.LoginUser(
 			request.Context(),
-			payload.Nick,
-			payload.Password,
+			nick, password,
+			remoteIP, hostname,
 		)
 	if err != nil {
 		hdlr.respondError(
@@ -186,18 +108,75 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) handleLogin(
 	hdlr.stats.IncrConnections()
 
 	hdlr.deliverMOTD(
-		request, clientID, sessionID, payload.Nick,
+		request, clientID, sessionID, nick,
 	)
 
 	// Initialize channel state so the new client knows
 	// which channels the session already belongs to.
 	hdlr.initChannelState(
-		request, clientID, sessionID, payload.Nick,
+		request, clientID, sessionID, nick,
 	)
 
+	hdlr.setAuthCookie(writer, request, token)
+
 	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request, map[string]any{
 		"id":   sessionID,
-		"nick":  payload.Nick,
-		"token": token,
+		"nick": nick,
 	}, http.StatusOK)
 }
+
+// handlePass handles the IRC PASS command to set a
+// password on the authenticated session, enabling
+// multi-client login via POST /api/v1/login.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handlePass(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
+) {
+	lines := bodyLines()
+	if len(lines) == 0 || lines[0] == "" {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNeedMoreParams, nick,
+			[]string{irc.CmdPass},
+			"Not enough parameters",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	password := lines[0]
+
+	if len(password) < minPasswordLength {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNeedMoreParams, nick,
+			[]string{irc.CmdPass},
+			"Password must be at least 8 characters",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	err := hdlr.params.Database.SetPassword(
+		request.Context(), sessionID, password,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		hdlr.log.Error(
+			"set password failed", "error", err,
+		)
+		hdlr.respondError(
+			writer, request,
+			"internal error",
+			http.StatusInternalServerError,
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}

internal/handlers/handlers.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/hashcash"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/healthcheck"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/logger"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/ratelimit"
 	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/stats"
 	"go.uber.org/fx"
 )
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ type Handlers struct {
 	broker          *broker.Broker
 	hashcashVal     *hashcash.Validator
 	channelHashcash *hashcash.ChannelValidator
+	loginLimiter    *ratelimit.Limiter
 	stats           *stats.Tracker
 	cancelCleanup   context.CancelFunc
 }
@@ -63,6 +65,16 @@ func New(
 		resource = "neoirc"
 	}
 
+	loginRate := params.Config.LoginRateLimit
+	if loginRate <= 0 {
+		loginRate = ratelimit.DefaultRate
+	}
+
+	loginBurst := params.Config.LoginRateBurst
+	if loginBurst <= 0 {
+		loginBurst = ratelimit.DefaultBurst
+	}
+
 	hdlr := &Handlers{ //nolint:exhaustruct // cancelCleanup set in startCleanup
 		params:          &params,
 		log:             params.Logger.Get(),
@@ -70,6 +82,7 @@ func New(
 		broker:          broker.New(),
 		hashcashVal:     hashcash.NewValidator(resource),
 		channelHashcash: hashcash.NewChannelValidator(),
+		loginLimiter:    ratelimit.New(loginRate, loginBurst),
 		stats:           params.Stats,
 	}
 
@@ -162,6 +175,10 @@ func (hdlr *Handlers) stopCleanup() {
 	if hdlr.cancelCleanup != nil {
 		hdlr.cancelCleanup()
 	}
+
+	if hdlr.loginLimiter != nil {
+		hdlr.loginLimiter.Stop()
+	}
 }
 
 func (hdlr *Handlers) cleanupLoop(ctx context.Context) {

internal/handlers/utility.go

@@ -0,0 +1,727 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/db"
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/pkg/irc"
+)
+
+// maxUserhostNicks is the maximum number of nicks allowed
+// in a single USERHOST query (RFC 2812).
+const maxUserhostNicks = 5
+
+// dispatchBodyOnlyCommand routes commands that take
+// (writer, request, sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines).
+func (hdlr *Handlers) dispatchBodyOnlyCommand(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick, command string,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
+) {
+	switch command {
+	case irc.CmdAway:
+		hdlr.handleAway(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines,
+		)
+	case irc.CmdNick:
+		hdlr.handleNick(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines,
+		)
+	case irc.CmdPass:
+		hdlr.handlePass(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines,
+		)
+	case irc.CmdInvite:
+		hdlr.handleInvite(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// dispatchOperCommand routes oper-related commands (OPER,
+// KILL, WALLOPS) to their handlers.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) dispatchOperCommand(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick, command string,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
+) {
+	switch command {
+	case irc.CmdOper:
+		hdlr.handleOper(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines,
+		)
+	case irc.CmdKill:
+		hdlr.handleKill(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines,
+		)
+	case irc.CmdWallops:
+		hdlr.handleWallops(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, bodyLines,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// handleUserhost handles the USERHOST command.
+// Returns user@host info for up to 5 nicks.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleUserhost(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+
+	lines := bodyLines()
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNeedMoreParams, nick,
+			[]string{irc.CmdUserhost},
+			"Not enough parameters",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Limit to 5 nicks per RFC 2812.
+	nicks := lines
+	if len(nicks) > maxUserhostNicks {
+		nicks = nicks[:maxUserhostNicks]
+	}
+
+	infos, err := hdlr.params.Database.GetUserhostInfo(
+		ctx, nicks,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		hdlr.log.Error(
+			"userhost query failed", "error", err,
+		)
+		hdlr.respondError(
+			writer, request,
+			"internal error",
+			http.StatusInternalServerError,
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	replyStr := hdlr.buildUserhostReply(infos)
+
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplUserHost, nick, nil,
+		replyStr,
+	)
+
+	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// buildUserhostReply builds the RPL_USERHOST reply
+// string per RFC 2812.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) buildUserhostReply(
+	infos []db.UserhostInfo,
+) string {
+	replies := make([]string, 0, len(infos))
+
+	for idx := range infos {
+		info := &infos[idx]
+
+		username := info.Username
+		if username == "" {
+			username = info.Nick
+		}
+
+		hostname := info.Hostname
+		if hostname == "" {
+			hostname = hdlr.serverName()
+		}
+
+		operStar := ""
+		if info.IsOper {
+			operStar = "*"
+		}
+
+		awayPrefix := "+"
+		if info.AwayMessage != "" {
+			awayPrefix = "-"
+		}
+
+		replies = append(replies,
+			info.Nick+operStar+"="+
+				awayPrefix+username+"@"+hostname,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(replies, " ")
+}
+
+// handleVersion handles the VERSION command.
+// Returns the server version string.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleVersion(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+	srvName := hdlr.serverName()
+	version := hdlr.serverVersion()
+
+	// 351 RPL_VERSION
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplVersion, nick,
+		[]string{version + ".", srvName},
+		"",
+	)
+
+	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// handleAdmin handles the ADMIN command.
+// Returns server admin contact info.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleAdmin(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+	srvName := hdlr.serverName()
+
+	// 256 RPL_ADMINME
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplAdminMe, nick,
+		[]string{srvName},
+		"Administrative info",
+	)
+
+	// 257 RPL_ADMINLOC1
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplAdminLoc1, nick, nil,
+		"neoirc server",
+	)
+
+	// 258 RPL_ADMINLOC2
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplAdminLoc2, nick, nil,
+		"IRC over HTTP",
+	)
+
+	// 259 RPL_ADMINEMAIL
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplAdminEmail, nick, nil,
+		"admin@"+srvName,
+	)
+
+	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// handleInfo handles the INFO command.
+// Returns server software information.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleInfo(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+	version := hdlr.serverVersion()
+
+	infoLines := []string{
+		"neoirc — IRC semantics over HTTP",
+		"Version: " + version,
+		"Written in Go",
+		"Started: " +
+			hdlr.params.Globals.StartTime.
+				Format(time.RFC1123),
+	}
+
+	for _, line := range infoLines {
+		// 371 RPL_INFO
+		hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+			ctx, clientID, irc.RplInfo, nick, nil,
+			line,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// 374 RPL_ENDOFINFO
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplEndOfInfo, nick, nil,
+		"End of /INFO list",
+	)
+
+	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// handleTime handles the TIME command.
+// Returns the server's local time in RFC format.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleTime(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+	srvName := hdlr.serverName()
+
+	// 391 RPL_TIME
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplTime, nick,
+		[]string{srvName},
+		time.Now().Format(time.RFC1123),
+	)
+
+	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// handleKill handles the KILL command.
+// Forcibly disconnects a user (oper only).
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleKill(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+
+	// Check oper status.
+	isOper, err := hdlr.params.Database.IsSessionOper(
+		ctx, sessionID,
+	)
+	if err != nil || !isOper {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNoPrivileges, nick, nil,
+			"Permission Denied- You're not an IRC operator",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	lines := bodyLines()
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNeedMoreParams, nick,
+			[]string{irc.CmdKill},
+			"Not enough parameters",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	targetNick := strings.TrimSpace(lines[0])
+	if targetNick == "" {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNeedMoreParams, nick,
+			[]string{irc.CmdKill},
+			"Not enough parameters",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	reason := "KILLed"
+	if len(lines) > 1 {
+		reason = lines[1]
+	}
+
+	targetSID, lookupErr := hdlr.params.Database.
+		GetSessionByNick(ctx, targetNick)
+	if lookupErr != nil {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNoSuchNick, nick,
+			[]string{targetNick},
+			"No such nick/channel",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Do not allow killing yourself.
+	if targetSID == sessionID {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrCantKillServer, nick, nil,
+			"You cannot KILL yourself",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	hdlr.executeKillUser(
+		request, targetSID, targetNick, nick, reason,
+	)
+
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// executeKillUser forcibly disconnects a user: broadcasts
+// QUIT to their channels, parts all channels, and deletes
+// the session.
+func (hdlr *Handlers) executeKillUser(
+	request *http.Request,
+	targetSID int64,
+	targetNick, killerNick, reason string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+
+	quitMsg := "Killed (" + killerNick + " (" + reason + "))"
+
+	quitBody, err := json.Marshal([]string{quitMsg})
+	if err != nil {
+		hdlr.log.Error(
+			"marshal kill quit body", "error", err,
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	channels, _ := hdlr.params.Database.
+		GetSessionChannels(ctx, targetSID)
+
+	notified := map[int64]bool{}
+
+	var dbID int64
+
+	if len(channels) > 0 {
+		dbID, _, _ = hdlr.params.Database.InsertMessage(
+			ctx, irc.CmdQuit, targetNick, "",
+			nil, json.RawMessage(quitBody), nil,
+		)
+	}
+
+	for _, chanInfo := range channels {
+		memberIDs, _ := hdlr.params.Database.
+			GetChannelMemberIDs(ctx, chanInfo.ID)
+
+		for _, mid := range memberIDs {
+			if mid != targetSID && !notified[mid] {
+				notified[mid] = true
+
+				_ = hdlr.params.Database.EnqueueToSession(
+					ctx, mid, dbID,
+				)
+
+				hdlr.broker.Notify(mid)
+			}
+		}
+
+		_ = hdlr.params.Database.PartChannel(
+			ctx, chanInfo.ID, targetSID,
+		)
+
+		_ = hdlr.params.Database.DeleteChannelIfEmpty(
+			ctx, chanInfo.ID,
+		)
+	}
+
+	_ = hdlr.params.Database.DeleteSession(
+		ctx, targetSID,
+	)
+}
+
+// handleWallops handles the WALLOPS command.
+// Broadcasts a message to all users with +w usermode
+// (oper only).
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleWallops(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick string,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+
+	// Check oper status.
+	isOper, err := hdlr.params.Database.IsSessionOper(
+		ctx, sessionID,
+	)
+	if err != nil || !isOper {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNoPrivileges, nick, nil,
+			"Permission Denied- You're not an IRC operator",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	lines := bodyLines()
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrNeedMoreParams, nick,
+			[]string{irc.CmdWallops},
+			"Not enough parameters",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	message := strings.Join(lines, " ")
+
+	wallopsSIDs, err := hdlr.params.Database.
+		GetWallopsSessionIDs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		hdlr.log.Error(
+			"get wallops sessions failed", "error", err,
+		)
+		hdlr.respondError(
+			writer, request,
+			"internal error",
+			http.StatusInternalServerError,
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(wallopsSIDs) > 0 {
+		body, mErr := json.Marshal([]string{message})
+		if mErr != nil {
+			hdlr.log.Error(
+				"marshal wallops body", "error", mErr,
+			)
+			hdlr.respondError(
+				writer, request,
+				"internal error",
+				http.StatusInternalServerError,
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		_ = hdlr.fanOutSilent(
+			request, irc.CmdWallops, nick, "*",
+			json.RawMessage(body), wallopsSIDs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// handleUserMode handles user mode queries and changes
+// (e.g., MODE nick, MODE nick +w).
+func (hdlr *Handlers) handleUserMode(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick, target string,
+	bodyLines func() []string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+
+	lines := bodyLines()
+
+	// Mode change requested.
+	if len(lines) > 0 {
+		// Users can only change their own modes.
+		if target != nick && target != "" {
+			hdlr.respondIRCError(
+				writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+				irc.ErrUsersDoNotMatch, nick, nil,
+				"Can't change mode for other users",
+			)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		hdlr.applyUserModeChange(
+			writer, request,
+			sessionID, clientID, nick, lines[0],
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Mode query — build the current mode string.
+	modeStr := hdlr.buildUserModeString(ctx, sessionID)
+
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplUmodeIs, nick, nil,
+		modeStr,
+	)
+	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// buildUserModeString constructs the mode string for a
+// user (e.g., "+ow" for oper+wallops).
+func (hdlr *Handlers) buildUserModeString(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	sessionID int64,
+) string {
+	modes := "+"
+
+	isOper, err := hdlr.params.Database.IsSessionOper(
+		ctx, sessionID,
+	)
+	if err == nil && isOper {
+		modes += "o"
+	}
+
+	isWallops, err := hdlr.params.Database.IsSessionWallops(
+		ctx, sessionID,
+	)
+	if err == nil && isWallops {
+		modes += "w"
+	}
+
+	return modes
+}
+
+// applyUserModeChange applies a user mode change string
+// (e.g., "+w", "-w").
+func (hdlr *Handlers) applyUserModeChange(
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick, modeStr string,
+) {
+	ctx := request.Context()
+
+	if len(modeStr) < 2 { //nolint:mnd // +/- and mode char
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrUmodeUnknownFlag, nick, nil,
+			"Unknown MODE flag",
+		)
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	adding := modeStr[0] == '+'
+	modeChar := modeStr[1:]
+
+	applied, err := hdlr.applyModeChar(
+		ctx, writer, request,
+		sessionID, clientID, nick,
+		modeChar, adding,
+	)
+	if err != nil || !applied {
+		return
+	}
+
+	newModes := hdlr.buildUserModeString(ctx, sessionID)
+
+	hdlr.enqueueNumeric(
+		ctx, clientID, irc.RplUmodeIs, nick, nil,
+		newModes,
+	)
+
+	hdlr.broker.Notify(sessionID)
+	hdlr.respondJSON(writer, request,
+		map[string]string{"status": "ok"},
+		http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// applyModeChar applies a single user mode character.
+// Returns (applied, error).
+func (hdlr *Handlers) applyModeChar(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	writer http.ResponseWriter,
+	request *http.Request,
+	sessionID, clientID int64,
+	nick, modeChar string,
+	adding bool,
+) (bool, error) {
+	switch modeChar {
+	case "w":
+		err := hdlr.params.Database.SetSessionWallops(
+			ctx, sessionID, adding,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			hdlr.log.Error(
+				"set wallops mode failed", "error", err,
+			)
+			hdlr.respondError(
+				writer, request,
+				"internal error",
+				http.StatusInternalServerError,
+			)
+
+			return false, fmt.Errorf(
+				"set wallops: %w", err,
+			)
+		}
+	case "o":
+		// +o cannot be set via MODE, only via OPER.
+		if adding {
+			hdlr.respondIRCError(
+				writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+				irc.ErrUmodeUnknownFlag, nick, nil,
+				"Unknown MODE flag",
+			)
+
+			return false, nil
+		}
+
+		err := hdlr.params.Database.SetSessionOper(
+			ctx, sessionID, false,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			hdlr.log.Error(
+				"clear oper mode failed", "error", err,
+			)
+			hdlr.respondError(
+				writer, request,
+				"internal error",
+				http.StatusInternalServerError,
+			)
+
+			return false, fmt.Errorf(
+				"clear oper: %w", err,
+			)
+		}
+	default:
+		hdlr.respondIRCError(
+			writer, request, clientID, sessionID,
+			irc.ErrUmodeUnknownFlag, nick, nil,
+			"Unknown MODE flag",
+		)
+
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}

internal/handlers/utility_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,982 @@
+// Tests for Tier 3 utility IRC commands: USERHOST,
+// VERSION, ADMIN, INFO, TIME, KILL, WALLOPS.
+//
+//nolint:paralleltest
+package handlers_test
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// --- USERHOST ---
+
+func TestUserhostSingleNick(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("alice")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "USERHOST",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"alice"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 302 RPL_USERHOST.
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "302")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_USERHOST (302), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Body should contain "alice" with the
+	// nick=+user@host format.
+	body := getNumericBody(msg)
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "alice") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected body to contain 'alice', got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// '+' means not away.
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "=+") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected not-away prefix '=+', got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserhostMultipleNicks(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token1 := tserver.createSession("bob")
+	token2 := tserver.createSession("carol")
+
+	_ = token2
+
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token1, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token1, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "USERHOST",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"bob", "carol"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token1, lastID)
+
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "302")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_USERHOST (302), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	body := getNumericBody(msg)
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "bob") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected body to contain 'bob', got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "carol") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected body to contain 'carol', got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserhostNonexistentNick(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("dave")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "USERHOST",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"nobody"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Should still get 302 but with empty body.
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "302")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_USERHOST (302), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserhostNoParams(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("eve")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "USERHOST",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 461 ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "461") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS (461), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserhostShowsOper(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("opernick")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	// Authenticate as oper.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// USERHOST should show '*' for oper.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "USERHOST",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"opernick"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "302")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_USERHOST (302), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	body := getNumericBody(msg)
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "opernick*=") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected oper '*' in reply, got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserhostShowsAway(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("awaynick")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	// Set away.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "AWAY",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"gone fishing"},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// USERHOST should show '-' for away.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "USERHOST",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"awaynick"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "302")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_USERHOST (302), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	body := getNumericBody(msg)
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "=-") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected away prefix '=-' in reply, got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- VERSION ---
+
+func TestVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("frank")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "VERSION",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 351 RPL_VERSION.
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "351")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_VERSION (351), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	params := getNumericParams(msg)
+	if len(params) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected VERSION params, got none")
+	}
+
+	// First param should contain version string.
+	if !strings.Contains(params[0], "test") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected version to contain 'test', got %q",
+			params[0],
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- ADMIN ---
+
+func TestAdmin(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("grace")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "ADMIN",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 256 RPL_ADMINME.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "256") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_ADMINME (256), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Expect 257 RPL_ADMINLOC1.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "257") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_ADMINLOC1 (257), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Expect 258 RPL_ADMINLOC2.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "258") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_ADMINLOC2 (258), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Expect 259 RPL_ADMINEMAIL.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "259") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_ADMINEMAIL (259), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- INFO ---
+
+func TestInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("hank")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "INFO",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 371 RPL_INFO (at least one).
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "371") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_INFO (371), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Expect 374 RPL_ENDOFINFO.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "374") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_ENDOFINFO (374), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- TIME ---
+
+func TestTime(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("iris")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "TIME",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 391 RPL_TIME.
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "391")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_TIME (391), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- KILL ---
+
+func TestKillSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	// Create the victim first.
+	victimToken := tserver.createSession("victim")
+	_ = victimToken
+
+	// Create oper user.
+	operToken := tserver.createSession("killer")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	// Authenticate as oper.
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(operToken, lastID)
+
+	// Kill the victim.
+	status, result := tserver.sendCommand(
+		operToken, map[string]any{
+			commandKey: "KILL",
+			bodyKey:    []string{"victim", "go away"},
+		},
+	)
+
+	if status != 200 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d: %v", status, result)
+	}
+
+	resultStatus, _ := result[statusKey].(string)
+	if resultStatus != "ok" {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected status ok, got %v",
+			result,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the victim's session is gone by trying
+	// to WHOIS them.
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "WHOIS",
+		toKey:      "victim",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(operToken, lastID)
+
+	// Should get 401 ERR_NOSUCHNICK.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "401") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected victim to be gone (401), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKillNotOper(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	_ = tserver.createSession("target")
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("notoper")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "KILL",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"target", "no reason"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 481 ERR_NOPRIVILEGES.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "481") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_NOPRIVILEGES (481), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKillNoParams(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("opertest")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "KILL",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 461 ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "461") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS (461), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// sendOperKillCommand is a helper that creates an oper
+// session, authenticates, then sends KILL with the given
+// target nick, and returns the resulting messages.
+func sendOperKillCommand(
+	t *testing.T,
+	tserver *testServer,
+	operNick, targetNick string,
+) []map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	token := tserver.createSession(operNick)
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "KILL",
+		bodyKey:    []string{targetNick},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	return msgs
+}
+
+func TestKillNonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	msgs := sendOperKillCommand(
+		t, tserver, "opertest2", "ghost",
+	)
+
+	// Expect 401 ERR_NOSUCHNICK.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "401") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_NOSUCHNICK (401), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKillSelf(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	msgs := sendOperKillCommand(
+		t, tserver, "selfkiller", "selfkiller",
+	)
+
+	// Expect 483 ERR_CANTKILLSERVER.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "483") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_CANTKILLSERVER (483), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKillBroadcastsQuit(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	// Create victim and join a channel.
+	victimToken := tserver.createSession("vuser")
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(victimToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: joinCmd,
+		toKey:      "#killtest",
+	})
+
+	// Create observer and join same channel.
+	observerToken := tserver.createSession("observer")
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(observerToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: joinCmd,
+		toKey:      "#killtest",
+	})
+
+	_, lastObs := tserver.pollMessages(observerToken, 0)
+
+	// Create oper.
+	operToken := tserver.createSession("theoper2")
+
+	tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	// Kill the victim.
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "KILL",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"vuser", "testing kill"},
+	})
+
+	// Observer should see a QUIT message.
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(observerToken, lastObs)
+
+	foundQuit := false
+
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		cmd, _ := msg["command"].(string)
+		if cmd == "QUIT" {
+			from, _ := msg["from"].(string)
+			if from == "vuser" {
+				foundQuit = true
+
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !foundQuit {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected QUIT from vuser, got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- WALLOPS ---
+
+func TestWallopsSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	// Create receiver with +w.
+	receiverToken := tserver.createSession("receiver")
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(receiverToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "receiver",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"+w"},
+	})
+
+	_, lastRecv := tserver.pollMessages(receiverToken, 0)
+
+	// Create oper.
+	operToken := tserver.createSession("walloper")
+
+	tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	// Also set +w on oper so they receive it too.
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "walloper",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"+w"},
+	})
+
+	tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	// Send WALLOPS.
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "WALLOPS",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"server going down"},
+	})
+
+	// Receiver should get the WALLOPS message.
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(receiverToken, lastRecv)
+
+	foundWallops := false
+
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		cmd, _ := msg["command"].(string)
+		if cmd == "WALLOPS" {
+			foundWallops = true
+
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !foundWallops {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected WALLOPS message, got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWallopsNotOper(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("notoper2")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "WALLOPS",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"hello"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 481 ERR_NOPRIVILEGES.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "481") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_NOPRIVILEGES (481), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWallopsNoParams(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("operempty")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "WALLOPS",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 461 ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "461") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS (461), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWallopsNotReceivedWithoutW(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	// Create receiver WITHOUT +w.
+	receiverToken := tserver.createSession("nowallops")
+	_, lastRecv := tserver.pollMessages(receiverToken, 0)
+
+	// Create oper.
+	operToken := tserver.createSession("walloper2")
+
+	tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	tserver.pollMessages(operToken, 0)
+
+	// Send WALLOPS.
+	tserver.sendCommand(operToken, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "WALLOPS",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"secret message"},
+	})
+
+	// Receiver should NOT get the WALLOPS message.
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(receiverToken, lastRecv)
+
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		cmd, _ := msg["command"].(string)
+		if cmd == "WALLOPS" {
+			t.Fatalf(
+				"did not expect WALLOPS for user "+
+					"without +w, got %v",
+				msgs,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// --- User Mode +w ---
+
+func TestUserModeSetW(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("wmoder")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	// Set +w.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "wmoder",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"+w"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 221 RPL_UMODEIS with "+w".
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "221")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_UMODEIS (221), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	body := getNumericBody(msg)
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "w") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected mode string to contain 'w', got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Now query mode.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "wmoder",
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	msg = findNumericWithParams(msgs, "221")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_UMODEIS (221) on query, got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	body = getNumericBody(msg)
+	if !strings.Contains(body, "w") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected mode '+w' in query, got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserModeUnsetW(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("wunsetter")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	// Set +w first.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "wunsetter",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"+w"},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Unset -w.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "wunsetter",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"-w"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "221")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_UMODEIS (221), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	body := getNumericBody(msg)
+	if strings.Contains(body, "w") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected 'w' to be removed, got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserModeUnknownFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("badmode")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "badmode",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"+z"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 501 ERR_UMODEUNKNOWNFLAG.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "501") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_UMODEUNKNOWNFLAG (501), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserModeCannotSetO(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("tryoper")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	// Try to set +o via MODE (should fail).
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "tryoper",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"+o"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 501 ERR_UMODEUNKNOWNFLAG.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "501") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_UMODEUNKNOWNFLAG (501), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserModeDeoper(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServerWithOper(t)
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("deoper")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	// Authenticate as oper.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "OPER",
+		bodyKey:    []string{testOperName, testOperPassword},
+	})
+
+	_, lastID = tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Use MODE -o to de-oper.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "deoper",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"-o"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	msg := findNumericWithParams(msgs, "221")
+	if msg == nil {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected RPL_UMODEIS (221), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+
+	body := getNumericBody(msg)
+	if strings.Contains(body, "o") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected 'o' to be removed, got %q",
+			body,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUserModeCannotChangeOtherUser(t *testing.T) {
+	tserver := newTestServer(t)
+
+	_ = tserver.createSession("other")
+
+	token := tserver.createSession("changer")
+	_, lastID := tserver.pollMessages(token, 0)
+
+	// Try to change another user's mode.
+	tserver.sendCommand(token, map[string]any{
+		commandKey: "MODE",
+		toKey:      "other",
+		bodyKey:    []string{"+w"},
+	})
+
+	msgs, _ := tserver.pollMessages(token, lastID)
+
+	// Expect 502 ERR_USERSDONTMATCH.
+	if !findNumeric(msgs, "502") {
+		t.Fatalf(
+			"expected ERR_USERSDONTMATCH (502), got %v",
+			msgs,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// getNumericBody extracts the body text from a numeric
+// message. The body is stored as a JSON array; this
+// returns the first element.
+func getNumericBody(msg map[string]any) string {
+	raw, exists := msg["body"]
+	if !exists || raw == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	arr, isArr := raw.([]any)
+	if !isArr || len(arr) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	str, isStr := arr[0].(string)
+	if !isStr {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return str
+}

internal/middleware/middleware.go

@@ -126,18 +126,23 @@ func (mware *Middleware) Logging() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 }
 
 // CORS returns middleware that handles Cross-Origin Resource Sharing.
+// AllowCredentials is true so browsers include cookies in
+// cross-origin API requests.
 func (mware *Middleware) CORS() func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return cors.Handler(cors.Options{ //nolint:exhaustruct // optional fields
-		AllowedOrigins: []string{"*"},
+		AllowOriginFunc: func(
+			_ *http.Request, _ string,
+		) bool {
+			return true
+		},
 		AllowedMethods: []string{
 			"GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS",
 		},
 		AllowedHeaders: []string{
-			"Accept", "Authorization",
-			"Content-Type", "X-CSRF-Token",
+			"Accept", "Content-Type", "X-CSRF-Token",
 		},
 		ExposedHeaders:   []string{"Link"},
-		AllowCredentials: false,
+		AllowCredentials: true,
 		MaxAge:           corsMaxAge,
 	})
 }

internal/ratelimit/ratelimit.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Package ratelimit provides per-IP rate limiting for HTTP endpoints.
+package ratelimit
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
+)
+
+const (
+	// DefaultRate is the default number of allowed requests per second.
+	DefaultRate = 1.0
+
+	// DefaultBurst is the default maximum burst size.
+	DefaultBurst = 5
+
+	// DefaultSweepInterval controls how often stale entries are pruned.
+	DefaultSweepInterval = 10 * time.Minute
+
+	// DefaultEntryTTL is how long an unused entry lives before eviction.
+	DefaultEntryTTL = 15 * time.Minute
+)
+
+// entry tracks a per-IP rate limiter and when it was last used.
+type entry struct {
+	limiter  *rate.Limiter
+	lastSeen time.Time
+}
+
+// Limiter manages per-key rate limiters with automatic cleanup
+// of stale entries.
+type Limiter struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	entries  map[string]*entry
+	rate     rate.Limit
+	burst    int
+	entryTTL time.Duration
+	stopCh   chan struct{}
+}
+
+// New creates a new per-key rate Limiter.
+// The ratePerSec parameter sets how many requests per second are
+// allowed per key.  The burst parameter sets the maximum number of
+// requests that can be made in a single burst.
+func New(ratePerSec float64, burst int) *Limiter {
+	limiter := &Limiter{
+		mu:       sync.Mutex{},
+		entries:  make(map[string]*entry),
+		rate:     rate.Limit(ratePerSec),
+		burst:    burst,
+		entryTTL: DefaultEntryTTL,
+		stopCh:   make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	go limiter.sweepLoop()
+
+	return limiter
+}
+
+// Allow reports whether a request from the given key should be
+// allowed.  It consumes one token from the key's rate limiter.
+func (l *Limiter) Allow(key string) bool {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	ent, exists := l.entries[key]
+
+	if !exists {
+		ent = &entry{
+			limiter:  rate.NewLimiter(l.rate, l.burst),
+			lastSeen: time.Now(),
+		}
+		l.entries[key] = ent
+	} else {
+		ent.lastSeen = time.Now()
+	}
+	l.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return ent.limiter.Allow()
+}
+
+// Stop terminates the background sweep goroutine.
+func (l *Limiter) Stop() {
+	close(l.stopCh)
+}
+
+// Len returns the number of tracked keys (for testing).
+func (l *Limiter) Len() int {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return len(l.entries)
+}
+
+// sweepLoop periodically removes entries that haven't been seen
+// within the TTL.
+func (l *Limiter) sweepLoop() {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(DefaultSweepInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			l.sweep()
+		case <-l.stopCh:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// sweep removes stale entries.
+func (l *Limiter) sweep() {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+
+	cutoff := time.Now().Add(-l.entryTTL)
+
+	for key, ent := range l.entries {
+		if ent.lastSeen.Before(cutoff) {
+			delete(l.entries, key)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/ratelimit/ratelimit_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package ratelimit_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.eeqj.de/sneak/neoirc/internal/ratelimit"
+)
+
+func TestNewCreatesLimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	limiter := ratelimit.New(1.0, 5)
+	defer limiter.Stop()
+
+	if limiter == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil limiter")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllowWithinBurst(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	limiter := ratelimit.New(1.0, 3)
+	defer limiter.Stop()
+
+	for i := range 3 {
+		if !limiter.Allow("192.168.1.1") {
+			t.Fatalf(
+				"request %d should be allowed within burst",
+				i+1,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllowExceedsBurst(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Rate of 0 means no token replenishment, only burst.
+	limiter := ratelimit.New(0, 3)
+	defer limiter.Stop()
+
+	for range 3 {
+		limiter.Allow("10.0.0.1")
+	}
+
+	if limiter.Allow("10.0.0.1") {
+		t.Fatal("fourth request should be denied after burst exhausted")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllowSeparateKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Rate of 0, burst of 1 — only one request per key.
+	limiter := ratelimit.New(0, 1)
+	defer limiter.Stop()
+
+	if !limiter.Allow("10.0.0.1") {
+		t.Fatal("first request for key A should be allowed")
+	}
+
+	if !limiter.Allow("10.0.0.2") {
+		t.Fatal("first request for key B should be allowed")
+	}
+
+	if limiter.Allow("10.0.0.1") {
+		t.Fatal("second request for key A should be denied")
+	}
+
+	if limiter.Allow("10.0.0.2") {
+		t.Fatal("second request for key B should be denied")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLenTracksKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	limiter := ratelimit.New(1.0, 5)
+	defer limiter.Stop()
+
+	if limiter.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0 entries, got %d", limiter.Len())
+	}
+
+	limiter.Allow("10.0.0.1")
+	limiter.Allow("10.0.0.2")
+
+	if limiter.Len() != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 entries, got %d", limiter.Len())
+	}
+
+	// Same key again should not increase count.
+	limiter.Allow("10.0.0.1")
+
+	if limiter.Len() != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 entries, got %d", limiter.Len())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopDoesNotPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	limiter := ratelimit.New(1.0, 5)
+	limiter.Stop()
+}

internal/server/routes.go

@@ -75,10 +75,6 @@ func (srv *Server) setupAPIv1(router chi.Router) {
 		"/session",
 		srv.handlers.HandleCreateSession(),
 	)
-	router.Post(
-		"/register",
-		srv.handlers.HandleRegister(),
-	)
 	router.Post(
 		"/login",
 		srv.handlers.HandleLogin(),

pkg/irc/commands.go

@@ -2,8 +2,13 @@ package irc
 
 // IRC command names (RFC 1459 / RFC 2812).
 const (
+	CmdAdmin    = "ADMIN"
 	CmdAway     = "AWAY"
+	CmdInfo     = "INFO"
+	CmdInvite   = "INVITE"
 	CmdJoin     = "JOIN"
+	CmdKick     = "KICK"
+	CmdKill     = "KILL"
 	CmdList     = "LIST"
 	CmdLusers   = "LUSERS"
 	CmdMode     = "MODE"
@@ -11,12 +16,18 @@ const (
 	CmdNames    = "NAMES"
 	CmdNick     = "NICK"
 	CmdNotice   = "NOTICE"
+	CmdOper     = "OPER"
+	CmdPass     = "PASS"
 	CmdPart     = "PART"
 	CmdPing     = "PING"
 	CmdPong     = "PONG"
 	CmdPrivmsg  = "PRIVMSG"
 	CmdQuit     = "QUIT"
+	CmdTime     = "TIME"
 	CmdTopic    = "TOPIC"
+	CmdUserhost = "USERHOST"
+	CmdVersion  = "VERSION"
+	CmdWallops  = "WALLOPS"
 	CmdWho      = "WHO"
 	CmdWhois    = "WHOIS"
 )

pkg/irc/numerics.go

@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ const (
 	RplNoTopic         IRCMessageType = 331
 	RplTopic           IRCMessageType = 332
 	RplTopicWhoTime    IRCMessageType = 333
+	RplWhoisActually   IRCMessageType = 338
 	RplInviting        IRCMessageType = 341
 	RplSummoning       IRCMessageType = 342
 	RplInviteList      IRCMessageType = 346
@@ -295,6 +296,7 @@ var names = map[IRCMessageType]string{
 	RplNoTopic:         "RPL_NOTOPIC",
 	RplTopic:           "RPL_TOPIC",
 	RplTopicWhoTime:    "RPL_TOPICWHOTIME",
+	RplWhoisActually:   "RPL_WHOISACTUALLY",
 	RplInviting:        "RPL_INVITING",
 	RplSummoning:       "RPL_SUMMONING",
 	RplInviteList:      "RPL_INVITELIST",