Adopt the shared .golangci.yml and fix the code to it (closes #6)

Vendor .golangci.yml byte-identical from sneak/prompts at cc440118 and
move the Dockerfile lint phase to golangci-lint v2.14.0 by the digest
REPO_POLICIES.md names. Fix the code to that config with flags, help
text, output files, SQL and the order of steps unchanged; long
functions are split into named steps.

Judgement call: the extraction transaction is now rolled back on every
early return; the old deferred rollback missed most failures and could
dereference a nil transaction.
Wording change: the reversed-range error reads "--from is after --to
(--from X, --to Y)", since err113 requires a wrapped sentinel.
Ten //nolint directives (gosec, mnd, unqueryvet), each with its reason.

Model: opus-5-5

Dockerfile

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Lint phase. The linter is invoked directly rather than through `make
 # lint` or `script/lint`, which are themselves a docker build and would
 # recurse into a daemon that does not exist in a build step.
-# golangci/golangci-lint:v2.12.2-alpine, 2026-06-28
-FROM golangci/golangci-lint:v2.12.2-alpine@sha256:91b27804074a0bacea298707f016911e60cf0cdbc6c7bf5ccacb5f0606d18d60 AS lint
+# golangci/golangci-lint:v2.14.0 (Debian-based), 2026-10-06
+FROM golangci/golangci-lint@sha256:ad862ba6b3798cbe0fd9fd7408d498fd74fbd2623a92406b2fd3898faf0bf98f AS lint
 
 WORKDIR /src