build: run the browser e2e suites in CI (closes #259)

Nothing automatic ran either e2e suite, so every browser-level guarantee in this
wallet -- WebAssembly under the shipped CSP, the recovery-phrase and private-key
DOM wipes, the ConfirmTx spend gate, the dApp approval round trips -- held only
when a human or an agent remembered to run it by hand.

.gitea/workflows/e2e.yml adds two jobs, e2e-chrome and e2e-firefox, one per
browser so a Chrome failure cannot hide the Firefox result. They are separate
from the check workflow: REPO_POLICIES.md caps make test at 20 seconds and
script/cibuild is a docker build whose Dockerfile runs make check, so neither the
cap nor the local fast path is touched. make check is byte-for-byte unchanged.

Neither suite could run on the runner as it stood, and the reason is not
docker-in-docker. The runner executes a job inside a container against the HOST's
docker daemon, and the job's checkout lives on a docker volume rather than a host
path, so `docker run -v "$PWD:/work"` is resolved by the host, silently succeeds
and mounts an empty directory -- measured on this runner. The runner image's node
is also too old to install this repo's dependencies. Both suites therefore ship
the repo to the daemon as a build context and build the extension inside the
pinned image, which leaves docker as the only prerequisite on a runner or a
laptop. The suites themselves are unchanged; only how the repo reaches the
container is.

Both scripts now build with --iidfile and run the image by ID rather than by tag,
so two clones running a suite at once on the same host cannot swap it under each
other.

The jobs report, they do not gate. Whether a check blocks a merge is Gitea branch
protection, which this repo does not configure, so a failure is a red mark a
reviewer must account for. Nothing can pass vacuously: no continue-on-error, no
`|| true`, and both scripts exit non-zero when docker is missing, when the image
build fails and when the browser fails to start.

Wiring this up measured something that has to be said rather than absorbed: the
Chrome suite is flaky under load. Two of six runs of unmutated code on a loaded
machine lost the approval popup out from under the dApp signing wait. It is
filed as #287 and not papered over here -- no retry wrapper, no longer timeout,
no weakened assertion -- and it is the reason e2e-chrome cannot become a
required check yet. README and the workflow say so where a reader meets them.

.gitea/workflows/e2e.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+name: e2e
+on: [push]
+
+# The browser end-to-end suites, one job per browser, deliberately kept out
+# of the check workflow: REPO_POLICIES.md caps make test at 20 seconds and
+# script/cibuild is a plain `docker build .` whose Dockerfile runs
+# make check, so folding a browser suite into either would blow that cap
+# and slow the local fast path. Before this workflow every browser-level
+# guarantee in this repo held only when a human remembered to run it.
+#
+# One job per browser rather than two steps in one job, so a Chrome failure
+# does not hide the Firefox result.
+#
+# Each job is one script and nothing else. Both scripts need docker and
+# nothing else — they deliver the repo to the daemon as a build context and
+# build the extension inside the pinned image — which is what makes them
+# runnable here at all: the runner executes the job in a container against
+# the host's docker socket, so a `-v "$PWD:/work"` source path is resolved
+# by the host daemon and mounts an empty directory, and the runner image's
+# node is too old to install this repo's dependencies.
+#
+# These jobs REPORT, they do not gate. Whether a check blocks a merge is
+# Gitea branch protection, which this repo does not configure, so a failure
+# here is a red mark a reviewer has to account for rather than a hard
+# block. Making e2e-chrome a required check is blocked on the measured
+# flake in the dApp signing wait -- two of six runs of unmutated code on a
+# loaded machine -- tracked as
+# https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/287. A gate that fails at
+# random teaches people to merge past red.
+#
+# Nothing here may pass vacuously. There is no continue-on-error and no
+# `|| true`. Both scripts exit non-zero when docker is missing, when the
+# image build fails, and when the browser fails to start; the Chrome
+# harness aborts the suite outright if its network interception is not in
+# effect.
+jobs:
+    e2e-chrome:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            # actions/checkout v4.2.2, 2026-02-22
+            - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683
+            - run: script/test-e2e
+
+    e2e-firefox:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            # actions/checkout v4.2.2, 2026-02-22
+            - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683
+            - run: script/test-e2e-firefox

README.md

@@ -83,10 +83,11 @@ provide:
   git pre-commit hook
 - `script/projectname` — print the project name (used for the Docker image tag)
 - `script/test` — run the test suite (jest)
-- `script/test-e2e` — run the Chrome browser end-to-end suite (docker required;
-  see [End-to-End Tests](#end-to-end-tests))
-- `script/test-e2e-firefox` — run the Firefox browser end-to-end suite (docker
-  required; builds its own pinned image, see
+- `script/test-e2e` — run the Chrome browser end-to-end suite (docker is the
+  only prerequisite: it builds a pinned image that carries the repo and a fresh
+  extension build, see [End-to-End Tests](#end-to-end-tests))
+- `script/test-e2e-firefox` — run the Firefox browser end-to-end suite (same,
+  against an image with a pinned Firefox and geckodriver, see
   [End-to-End Tests](#end-to-end-tests))
 - `script/lint` — run the linter
 - `script/fmt` — format all files (writes)
@@ -136,11 +137,12 @@ are outside `make check`.
 
 `make test-e2e` builds `dist/chrome/` and drives the **real popup in a real
 Chrome**, loaded as an unpacked MV3 extension inside a pinned
-`mcr.microsoft.com/playwright` container (pinned by digest in `script/test-e2e`;
-docker is required and the suite fails loudly rather than skipping if it is
-unavailable). The suite lives in `tests/e2e/` and is driven by
-`playwright-core`, whose version must stay matched to the container's Playwright
-version — the browsers ship inside the image.
+`mcr.microsoft.com/playwright` container (pinned by digest in
+`tests/e2e/Dockerfile`, which is also where the extension is built; docker is
+required and the suite fails loudly rather than skipping if it is unavailable).
+The suite lives in `tests/e2e/` and is driven by `playwright-core`, whose
+version must stay matched to the container's Playwright version — the browsers
+ship inside the image.
 
 It covers popup load, WebAssembly compilation under the shipped CSP (see
 [Content Security Policy](#content-security-policy)), wallet creation through
@@ -320,9 +322,46 @@ Two limits are worth knowing, both real differences from the Chrome suite:
 Neither `make test-e2e` nor `make test-e2e-firefox` is part of `make check` or
 `make test`. `REPO_POLICIES.md` caps `make test` at 20 seconds and a browser
 suite does not fit; nothing in `tests/e2e/` is named `*.test.js`, so jest cannot
-pick it up either. Neither is wired into the Gitea workflow yet —
-docker-in-docker in CI is a separate question. Run them locally before changing
-anything under `src/popup/views/`.
+pick it up either. Run them locally before changing anything under
+`src/popup/views/`.
+
+### In CI
+
+`.gitea/workflows/e2e.yml` runs both suites on every push, as two jobs —
+`e2e-chrome` and `e2e-firefox` — separate from the `check` workflow, so the
+20-second `make test` cap and the local fast path are untouched. Each job is a
+checkout and the matching `script/` entrypoint, nothing else.
+
+Docker is the only thing either job needs from the runner, and that is not an
+accident. The runner executes a job inside a container against the **host's**
+docker daemon, so a `docker run -v "$PWD:/work"` source path is resolved by the
+host and mounts an empty directory, and the runner image's node is too old to
+install this repo's dependencies. Both suites therefore ship the repo to the
+daemon as a build context and build the extension inside the image, which works
+identically on a laptop.
+
+The jobs **report, they do not gate.** A failure is a red mark against the
+commit that a reviewer has to account for, not a hard block: whether a check
+blocks a merge is Gitea branch protection, which this repo does not configure.
+
+That is not only a statement about configuration. The Chrome suite is
+**measurably flaky under load** — two of six runs of unmutated code on a busy
+machine lost the approval popup out from under the dApp signing wait, always in
+the `#183` section, tracked as
+[#287](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/287). So a red `e2e-chrome`
+has to be read before it is believed, and that flake is the blocker to ever
+making this a required check. Do not answer it with a retry wrapper: a suite
+that reruns until it is green stops being evidence.
+
+Nothing in either job can pass vacuously. There is no `continue-on-error` and no
+`|| true`; both scripts exit non-zero when docker is missing, when the image
+build fails, and when the browser fails to start; the Chrome harness aborts the
+suite outright if its network interception is not in effect.
+
+Measured on this repo's runner: `e2e-chrome` about 1m55s cold, almost all of it
+the one-time pull of the pinned ~800MB Playwright layer, and well under a minute
+once that layer is cached. `e2e-firefox` about 1m05s cold, and it caches its
+Firefox and geckodriver downloads the same way.
 
 ## Rationale
 
@@ -638,6 +677,21 @@ ExportPrivKey and ShowRecoveryPhrase — are deliberately absent from that list,
 so the popup can never reopen onto one of them with no password prompt in front
 of it.
 
+A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the one screen it restores onto,
+and nothing else, so every screen on the stack behind that one is still the
+blank template from `index.html`. "Back" therefore renders its target rather
+than only unhiding it, through the same dispatch and data guards as the restore
+(`src/popup/viewRouter.js`), and falls back to Home when the state the target
+would render is gone.
+
+It renders only a screen this page load has not rendered yet. Forward navigation
+renders as it goes, and `viewRouter.js` records every screen that reaches
+`showView()`, so "Back" onto a screen already on the page unhides it and nothing
+more — rendering it a second time would re-fetch and overwrite what it holds,
+such as an edit typed into Settings and not yet saved. Home is the one screen
+"Back" always re-renders, so the wallet list reflects anything that changed
+while the user was away from it.
+
 Every screen that holds secret material in the page registers a cleanup with
 `onViewLeave()` (`src/popup/views/helpers.js`), which `showView()` runs on every
 exit from that screen rather than only on its "Back" button, so nothing secret
@@ -1163,11 +1217,7 @@ on ConfirmTx, DeleteWallet, ApproveTx and ApproveSign.
   opening the window, so the screen shows a complete transaction and the signed
   artifact can be compared with it field for field. A request that cannot be
   populated — unreachable node, reverting gas estimate — opens no window and is
-  failed back to the site. Only one transaction approval exists at a time:
-  populating fixes the nonce, so a second `eth_sendTransaction` arriving while
-  one is unanswered is refused with EIP-1193 code `-32002` rather than being
-  populated at the same nonce. It opens no window and takes no nonce, and the
-  site can send it again once the pending one is answered.
+  failed back to the site.
 - **Elements**:
     - "Transaction Request" heading
     - Phishing warning banner (shown when the hostname is on the phishing

TODO.md

@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ The backlog lives on the
 authoritative; this file does not duplicate it. Full policy file set present.
 Real-browser end-to-end suites (`make test-e2e` for Chrome,
 `make test-e2e-firefox` for Firefox) now sit alongside `make check`, which
-cannot see a runtime `ReferenceError` in a popup view.
+cannot see a runtime `ReferenceError` in a popup view, and
+`.gitea/workflows/e2e.yml` runs both of them on every push.
 
 # Next Step
 
@@ -45,23 +46,24 @@ undefined identifiers, which is how
 
 # Completed Steps
 
-- 2026-08-14: One transaction approval at a time. Populating in the background
-  before the window opens is what makes the displayed object the verified
-  object, and it also fixes the nonce: two `eth_sendTransaction` calls populated
-  concurrently took the same nonce from a node that had seen neither broadcast,
-  and the second could then never be sent, because the only way to give it a
-  fresh nonce is to populate it again after the user has read the old one off
-  the screen. A second request is now refused with EIP-1193 `-32002` while one
-  is unanswered — before anything is populated, so no second nonce is allocated
-  and no second window opens — and the slot is freed when the page has its
-  answer. Signature approvals are not gated, consuming no nonce. A collision
-  that does happen is also reported accurately now: a broadcast the node refused
-  for the nonce, and an approval carrying a nonce this worker has already
-  broadcast (caught before the node is asked at all), both say the transaction
-  did not reach the network and to send it again, instead of warning that it may
-  have sent. `already known` deliberately keeps the ambiguous wording, because a
-  node that says it has the transaction has it
-  ([#271](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/271)).
+- 2026-08-14: CI runs the browser end-to-end suites. `.gitea/workflows/e2e.yml`
+  runs `script/test-e2e` and `script/test-e2e-firefox` as two jobs on every
+  push, separate from `check`, so `make check` and its 20-second `make test` cap
+  are untouched. Every browser-level guarantee in this repo — the WASM-under-CSP
+  check, the recovery-phrase and private-key DOM wipes, the ConfirmTx spend
+  gate, the dApp approval round trips — was enforced only when a human
+  remembered to run it by hand. The suites could not run on the runner as they
+  stood: the runner executes a job in a container against the host's docker
+  daemon, so `docker run -v "$PWD:/work"` mounts an empty directory (measured),
+  and the runner image's node cannot install this repo's dependencies. Both
+  suites now ship the repo to the daemon as a build context and build the
+  extension inside the pinned image, so docker is the only prerequisite on a
+  runner or a laptop, and both run the image by ID rather than by tag so
+  concurrent clones cannot swap it. The jobs report rather than gate — this repo
+  configures no branch protection, and the Chrome suite is measurably flaky
+  under load, filed as [#287](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/287)
+  rather than papered over
+  ([#259](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/259)).
 - 2026-08-12: EIP-1193 error codes now reach the page. `src/content/inpage.js`
   rebuilt every failure as `new Error(error.message)`, so the code the
   background produced and the content script relayed intact was dropped in the
@@ -76,6 +78,23 @@ undefined identifiers, which is how
   `tests/inpageErrors.test.js`, and the e2e probe that printed the missing code
   now requires it on the page's Error as well as on the wire, for all four
   rejected flows ([#274](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/274)).
+- 2026-08-12: "Back" now renders the screen it lands on instead of only unhiding
+  it. A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the one screen it restores
+  onto, so every screen further down the stack was still the blank template from
+  `index.html`, and Back walked straight onto it — an empty address, no
+  balances, no QR code. The Back path now goes through the same per-view
+  dispatch and data guards as the restore (`src/popup/viewRouter.js`, shared
+  with `restoreView()`), falling back to Home when the state the target would
+  render is gone. It renders only a view this page load has not rendered yet:
+  `viewRouter.js` records every view that reaches `showView()`, which is where
+  forward navigation and the restore both end, so Back onto a view already on
+  the page unhides it and nothing more. That is what keeps a second render from
+  re-fetching and overwriting what the view holds — an unsaved edit in Settings,
+  a transaction list already loaded. Home is the exception and is always
+  re-rendered, as it was before. Covered by unit tests on the real `goBack()`
+  and by three end-to-end cases against the real popup, each demonstrated
+  failing on the unfixed build
+  ([#268](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/268)).
 - 2026-08-12: `KNOWN_SYMBOLS` now maps a symbol to the set of contract addresses
   that bear it, not to one of them. A ticker is not unique: seven of the 512
   bundled tokens — `FRAX`, `REUSD`, `TON`, `EURE`, `MSUSD`, `MUSD` and `JPYC` —
@@ -368,9 +387,5 @@ tracker.
 - Pre-1.0 security review of the extension (key handling, DEBUG mode policy, RPC
   input validation) before any 1.0rc tag. Individual filed issues are parts of
   it, but the review is broader than any of them.
-- Decide whether docker-in-docker makes `make test-e2e` and
-  `make test-e2e-firefox` runnable in the Gitea workflow. Extending the Chrome
-  suite itself is tracked as
-  [#183](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/183).
 - Cut 1.0.0 once the milestone is empty, then continue tagging as milestones
   land.

script/test-e2e

@@ -7,17 +7,29 @@
 # caps make test at 20 seconds and a browser suite does not fit. Run it
 # yourself before touching popup views; it is the only check that can see
 # a used-but-not-imported identifier blow up at runtime.
+# .gitea/workflows/e2e.yml also runs it on every push, in a job separate
+# from check so that cap and the local fast path both stay intact.
+#
+# Docker is the only prerequisite. The repo reaches the container as a
+# build context and the extension is built inside it (see
+# tests/e2e/Dockerfile), so nothing here depends on the node, yarn or make
+# on the machine that starts the run. That is not a convenience: a bind
+# mount cannot work under Gitea Actions, and the runner image's node is too
+# old to install this repo's dependencies.
 set -eu
 
-ROOT="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd -P)"
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
+ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd -P)"
 
-# mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.56.0-noble, 2026-08-09
-#
-# The playwright-core devDependency is pinned to the matching Playwright
-# version (1.56.0) and the two must be bumped together: the browsers ship
-# inside this image, and playwright-core looks for the exact browser
-# revision its own version expects. A mismatch fails at launch.
-IMAGE="mcr.microsoft.com/playwright@sha256:35246d87a7c88ea9b771c65d33171b2611b02a8253b4b12ce6f94376c55f99f2"
+IMAGE="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/projectname")-e2e-chrome"
+
+IIDFILE=""
+
+cleanup() {
+    if [ -n "$IIDFILE" ]; then
+        rm -f "$IIDFILE"
+    fi
+}
 
 main() {
     cd "$ROOT"
@@ -27,14 +39,23 @@ main() {
         exit 1
     fi
 
-    echo "Building extension for e2e..."
-    yarn run build 2>&1
+    IIDFILE="$(mktemp)"
+    trap cleanup EXIT
+    trap 'cleanup; exit 130' INT TERM
+
+    echo "Building the Chrome e2e image (extension included)..."
+    docker build --iidfile "$IIDFILE" -t "$IMAGE" -f tests/e2e/Dockerfile .
 
     echo "Running e2e suite in the pinned Playwright container..."
+    # The image is run by ID, not by tag: where two clones of this repo run
+    # the suite at once, the other build can move the tag between this
+    # build and this run, and the suite would then silently test the other
+    # checkout.
+    #
     # --ipc=host: Chromium's shared-memory needs more than the default
     #   64MB /dev/shm or renderers crash.
-    # --user: keep files the suite touches owned by the caller, not root.
-    # HOME=/tmp: the mapped uid has no home directory in the image.
+    # HOME=/tmp: the image's root home is not a reliable place for the
+    #   browser profile.
     # PW_EXPERIMENTAL_SERVICE_WORKER_NETWORK_EVENTS=1: without it,
     #   ctx.route() intercepts page requests only, and every fetch made by
     #   the MV3 background service worker — including the phishing
@@ -51,13 +72,10 @@ main() {
     #   on a deliberate bump.
     docker run --rm \
         --ipc=host \
-        --user "$(id -u):$(id -g)" \
         -e HOME=/tmp \
         -e PW_EXPERIMENTAL_SERVICE_WORKER_NETWORK_EVENTS=1 \
         -e "E2E_TRACE_NETWORK=${E2E_TRACE_NETWORK:-0}" \
-        -v "$ROOT:/work" \
-        -w /work \
-        "$IMAGE" \
+        "$(cat "$IIDFILE")" \
         node tests/e2e/run.js
 }
 

script/test-e2e-firefox

@@ -5,12 +5,17 @@
 #
 # Deliberately NOT called by script/check or script/test, for the same
 # reason as the Chrome suite: REPO_POLICIES.md caps make test at 20 seconds
-# and a browser suite does not fit.
+# and a browser suite does not fit. .gitea/workflows/e2e.yml also runs it
+# on every push, in a job separate from check.
 #
-# Unlike script/test-e2e this builds its image locally, because no
+# Unlike script/test-e2e this builds its base image locally, because no
 # published image carries both a pinned Firefox and a matching geckodriver.
 # All three external artifacts are pinned by digest inside the Dockerfile;
-# see tests/e2e/firefox/Dockerfile.
+# see tests/e2e/firefox/Dockerfile, which also explains why the repo and
+# the extension build are baked into the image rather than mounted.
+#
+# Docker is the only prerequisite: nothing here depends on the node, yarn
+# or make on the machine that starts the run.
 set -eu
 
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd -P)"
@@ -18,6 +23,14 @@ ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd -P)"
 
 IMAGE="$("$SCRIPT_DIR/projectname")-e2e-firefox"
 
+IIDFILE=""
+
+cleanup() {
+    if [ -n "$IIDFILE" ]; then
+        rm -f "$IIDFILE"
+    fi
+}
+
 main() {
     cd "$ROOT"
 
@@ -26,16 +39,20 @@ main() {
         exit 1
     fi
 
-    echo "Building extension for e2e..."
-    yarn run build 2>&1
+    IIDFILE="$(mktemp)"
+    trap cleanup EXIT
+    trap 'cleanup; exit 130' INT TERM
 
-    # The build context is tests/e2e/firefox/ and holds nothing but the
-    # Dockerfile: the harness itself arrives over the bind mount below, so
-    # editing it never invalidates an image layer.
-    echo "Building the pinned Firefox e2e image..."
-    docker build -t "$IMAGE" "$ROOT/tests/e2e/firefox"
+    echo "Building the pinned Firefox e2e image (extension included)..."
+    docker build --iidfile "$IIDFILE" -t "$IMAGE" \
+        -f tests/e2e/firefox/Dockerfile .
 
     echo "Running the Firefox e2e suite..."
+    # The image is run by ID, not by tag: where two clones of this repo run
+    # the suite at once, the other build can move the tag between this
+    # build and this run, and the suite would then silently test the other
+    # checkout.
+    #
     # --shm-size=1g: Firefox needs more than the default 64MB /dev/shm.
     # --network none: the suite stubs nothing, so this is what keeps the
     #   run offline and deterministic. The extension swallows its own
@@ -43,8 +60,8 @@ main() {
     #   network note in README.md. Weaker than the Chrome suite's
     #   fixture interception, and honestly so — it proves no request
     #   escaped, but it cannot report which ones were attempted.
-    # --user: keep files the suite touches owned by the caller, not root.
-    # HOME=/tmp: the mapped uid has no home directory in the image.
+    # HOME=/tmp: the image's root home is not a reliable place for the
+    #   browser profile.
     #
     # No --privileged. Firefox's sandbox logs
     # "CanCreateUserNamespace() clone() failure: EPERM" on startup here;
@@ -52,11 +69,8 @@ main() {
     docker run --rm \
         --shm-size=1g \
         --network none \
-        --user "$(id -u):$(id -g)" \
         -e HOME=/tmp \
-        -v "$ROOT:/work" \
-        -w /work \
-        "$IMAGE" \
+        "$(cat "$IIDFILE")" \
         node tests/e2e/firefox/run.js dist/firefox
 }
 

src/background/index.js

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ const {
     TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
     TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
     TX_STAGE_INFLIGHT,
-    TX_STAGE_NONCE,
 } = require("../shared/approvalVerify");
 const { prepareApprovalTx } = require("../shared/approvalTx");
 const {
@@ -58,81 +57,6 @@ const connectedSites = {};
 // Pending approval requests: { id: { origin, hostname, resolve } }
 const pendingApprovals = {};
 
-// One transaction approval at a time, wallet-wide.
-//
-// The transaction a site asks for is populated before its approval window
-// opens, so that the object the user is shown is the object the signed
-// artifact is verified against. Populating fixes the nonce. Two requests
-// populated concurrently therefore take the SAME nonce — the node reports the
-// same pending count to both, neither having been broadcast — and whichever is
-// broadcast second is refused by the network for a nonce it can never be
-// re-signed at, because re-signing it would mean signing something other than
-// what was displayed.
-//
-// So the second request is refused while the first is unanswered. It is
-// refused before anything is populated, so no second nonce is allocated at
-// all, and while the page is still waiting with nothing on screen. The
-// alternatives were considered and rejected in
-// https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/271: populating again at Confirm
-// puts a nonce on screen that is not the nonce that gets signed, and
-// allocating around in-flight approvals makes the wallet's own bookkeeping the
-// authority on a nonce the network has not accepted, which an abandoned
-// approval then leaves a hole in.
-//
-// Sign approvals are not gated: a signature consumes no nonce.
-let txApprovalSlotHeld = false;
-
-// EIP-1474 "resource unavailable": the standard code for a request that is
-// refused because another one is already pending.
-const TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_CODE = -32002;
-
-const TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_MESSAGE =
-    "Another transaction is already waiting to be approved in AutistMask," +
-    " so this one was not sent. Please answer that request, then send this" +
-    " one again.";
-
-// Take the slot, or refuse. Called before the first await of the
-// eth_sendTransaction handler, so two requests arriving in the same tick
-// cannot both pass it.
-function reserveTxApprovalSlot() {
-    if (txApprovalSlotHeld) return false;
-    txApprovalSlotHeld = true;
-    return true;
-}
-
-function releaseTxApprovalSlot() {
-    txApprovalSlotHeld = false;
-}
-
-// Nonces this worker has already handed to the node, per address. This is the
-// wallet's own knowledge that a nonce is spent, and it is checked before a
-// broadcast rather than after: a node's pending count can lag a transaction it
-// has itself just accepted, and a request populated inside that window would
-// otherwise be signed and sent at a nonce this wallet has already used.
-//
-// The record dies with the worker, which is correct rather than merely
-// convenient: after a restart the node's count is the only answer available,
-// and a transaction of this wallet's that the node has forgotten is one the
-// user does want to be able to send again.
-const broadcastNonces = {};
-
-function broadcastNoncesFor(address) {
-    const key = String(address || "").toLowerCase();
-    if (!broadcastNonces[key]) broadcastNonces[key] = new Set();
-    return broadcastNonces[key];
-}
-
-// An approved transaction's nonce as a decimal string, or null if it cannot be
-// read as a number. Verification refuses an unreadable nonce before this is
-// ever reached; null here only keeps the record from holding junk.
-function approvedNonce(approvedTx) {
-    try {
-        return BigInt(approvedTx.nonce).toString();
-    } catch {
-        return null;
-    }
-}
-
 async function getState() {
     const result = await storageApi.get("autistmask");
     return (
@@ -661,24 +585,68 @@ async function handleRpc(method, params, origin) {
     }
 
     if (method === "eth_sendTransaction") {
-        // Synchronous, before any await: two requests delivered in the same
-        // tick must not both get past this.
-        if (!reserveTxApprovalSlot()) {
+        const s = await getState();
+        const activeAddress = await getActiveAddress();
+        if (!activeAddress)
+            return { error: { message: "No accounts available" } };
+
+        const hostname = extractHostname(origin);
+        const allowed = s.allowedSites[activeAddress] || [];
+        if (
+            !allowed.includes(hostname) &&
+            !connectedSites[origin + ":" + activeAddress]
+        ) {
+            return { error: { code: 4100, message: "Unauthorized" } };
+        }
+
+        const txParams = params?.[0] || {};
+        if (namesAnotherAddress(txParams.from, activeAddress)) {
             return {
                 error: {
-                    code: TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_CODE,
-                    message: TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_MESSAGE,
+                    code: 4100,
+                    message:
+                        "This site asked to send from an address that is not the active one.",
                 },
             };
         }
+
+        // Populate here, before any window opens, so that the transaction the
+        // user is shown is a complete one and is the same object the signed
+        // artifact is checked against. A failure raises no approval at all and
+        // is reported to the requesting page; see approvalTx.js.
+        let approvedTx;
         try {
-            return await handleSendTransaction(params, origin);
-        } finally {
-            // Held until the page has its answer — the approval was broadcast,
-            // rejected, or retired by a closed window — because until then its
-            // nonce is allocated and unspent.
-            releaseTxApprovalSlot();
+            approvedTx = await prepareApprovalTx(
+                getProvider(await getRpcUrl()),
+                activeAddress,
+                txParams,
+            );
+        } catch (e) {
+            return { error: { message: e.message } };
         }
+
+        // Population is a network round trip, and the user can switch address
+        // during it. Raising the approval anyway would put an account on the
+        // screen that the wallet is no longer on, and it could never be signed
+        // — the signing handler refuses exactly that. Refuse it here instead,
+        // while the page is still waiting and nothing has been displayed.
+        if (!sameAddress(await getActiveAddress(), activeAddress)) {
+            return {
+                error: {
+                    message:
+                        "The active address changed while this transaction was being prepared, so it was not sent.",
+                },
+            };
+        }
+
+        const decision = await requestTxApproval(
+            origin,
+            hostname,
+            approvedTx,
+            activeAddress,
+        );
+        if (decision.error) return { error: decision.error };
+        return { result: decision.txHash };
     }
 
     // Proxy safe read-only methods to the RPC node
@@ -694,73 +662,6 @@ async function handleRpc(method, params, origin) {
     return { error: { message: "Unsupported method: " + method } };
 }
 
-// The body of eth_sendTransaction, from the connection check through to the
-// user's decision. Its caller holds the single transaction-approval slot for
-// as long as this runs.
-async function handleSendTransaction(params, origin) {
-    const s = await getState();
-    const activeAddress = await getActiveAddress();
-    if (!activeAddress) return { error: { message: "No accounts available" } };
-
-    const hostname = extractHostname(origin);
-    const allowed = s.allowedSites[activeAddress] || [];
-    if (
-        !allowed.includes(hostname) &&
-        !connectedSites[origin + ":" + activeAddress]
-    ) {
-        return { error: { code: 4100, message: "Unauthorized" } };
-    }
-
-    const txParams = params?.[0] || {};
-    if (namesAnotherAddress(txParams.from, activeAddress)) {
-        return {
-            error: {
-                code: 4100,
-                message:
-                    "This site asked to send from an address that is not the active one.",
-            },
-        };
-    }
-
-    // Populate here, before any window opens, so that the transaction the
-    // user is shown is a complete one and is the same object the signed
-    // artifact is checked against. A failure raises no approval at all and
-    // is reported to the requesting page; see approvalTx.js.
-    let approvedTx;
-    try {
-        approvedTx = await prepareApprovalTx(
-            getProvider(await getRpcUrl()),
-            activeAddress,
-            txParams,
-        );
-    } catch (e) {
-        return { error: { message: e.message } };
-    }
-
-    // Population is a network round trip, and the user can switch address
-    // during it. Raising the approval anyway would put an account on the
-    // screen that the wallet is no longer on, and it could never be signed
-    // — the signing handler refuses exactly that. Refuse it here instead,
-    // while the page is still waiting and nothing has been displayed.
-    if (!sameAddress(await getActiveAddress(), activeAddress)) {
-        return {
-            error: {
-                message:
-                    "The active address changed while this transaction was being prepared, so it was not sent.",
-            },
-        };
-    }
-
-    const decision = await requestTxApproval(
-        origin,
-        hostname,
-        approvedTx,
-        activeAddress,
-    );
-    if (decision.error) return { error: decision.error };
-    return { result: decision.txHash };
-}
-
 // Broadcast chainChanged to all tabs when the network is switched.
 function broadcastChainChanged(chainId) {
     tabsApi.query({}, (tabs) => {
@@ -1058,7 +959,7 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
             sendResponse({
                 error: outcome.error,
                 retryable: outcome.retryable,
-                stage: outcome.stage,
+                stage: TX_STAGE_SIGN,
             });
             return false;
         }
@@ -1118,28 +1019,7 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
                 sendResponse({
                     error: outcome.error,
                     retryable: outcome.retryable,
-                    stage: outcome.stage,
-                });
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // A nonce this worker has already broadcast for this address. The
-            // node is not asked: it has answered once already, and the wallet
-            // holding the receipt of that answer is what makes this failure
-            // one the user can be told did not reach the network.
-            const nonce = approvedNonce(approval.approvedTx);
-            const spent = broadcastNoncesFor(approval.approvedFrom);
-            if (nonce !== null && spent.has(nonce)) {
-                const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_NONCE, null);
-                settleApproval(
-                    msg.id,
-                    { error: { message: outcome.error } },
-                    { holdsClaim: true },
-                );
-                sendResponse({
-                    error: outcome.error,
-                    retryable: outcome.retryable,
-                    stage: outcome.stage,
+                    stage: TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
                 });
                 return;
             }
@@ -1147,7 +1027,6 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
             try {
                 const provider = getProvider(state.rpcUrl);
                 const tx = await provider.broadcastTransaction(msg.rawSignedTx);
-                if (nonce !== null) spent.add(nonce);
                 settleApproval(
                     msg.id,
                     { txHash: tx.hash },
@@ -1160,11 +1039,6 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
                 // tell a transaction that never left from one already in the
                 // mempool. The page has been given its outcome for this
                 // request; a second attempt would report a second one.
-                //
-                // Unless the node blamed the nonce, which is the one answer
-                // that says plainly it did not take the transaction:
-                // describeTxFailure() reclassifies that, and the stage it
-                // returns is the one reported.
                 const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST, e);
                 settleApproval(
                     msg.id,
@@ -1174,7 +1048,7 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
                 sendResponse({
                     error: outcome.error,
                     retryable: outcome.retryable,
-                    stage: outcome.stage,
+                    stage: TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
                 });
             }
         })();

src/popup/index.js

@@ -9,16 +9,17 @@ const {
     $,
     showView,
     updateDebugBanner,
-    setRenderMain,
+    setBackRenderer,
     pushCurrentView,
     goBack,
     clearViewStack,
 } = require("./views/helpers");
 const { applyTheme } = require("./theme");
-// Views that can be fully re-rendered from persisted state. All others fall
-// back to the nearest restorable parent; see the module for why the
-// secret-bearing views are absent.
-const { RESTORABLE_VIEWS } = require("./restorableViews");
+// Renders a view the popup lands on without having navigated to it forward:
+// on restore here, and on Back. Only the views that can be fully re-rendered
+// from persisted state (RESTORABLE_VIEWS, src/popup/restorableViews.js) go
+// through it; anything else falls back to the nearest restorable parent.
+const { renderView, makeBackRenderer } = require("./viewRouter");
 
 const home = require("./views/home");
 const welcome = require("./views/welcome");
@@ -108,91 +109,22 @@ const ctx = {
     },
 };
 
-function needsAddress(view) {
-    return (
-        view === "address" ||
-        view === "address-token" ||
-        view === "receive" ||
-        view === "transaction"
-    );
-}
-
-function hasValidAddress() {
-    return (
-        state.selectedWallet !== null &&
-        state.selectedAddress !== null &&
-        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet] &&
-        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet].addresses[state.selectedAddress]
-    );
-}
+// The view modules the router renders through, keyed as it expects them.
+const viewModules = {
+    main: { show: () => fallbackView() },
+    addressDetail,
+    addressToken,
+    receive,
+    settings,
+    settingsAddToken,
+    confirmTx,
+    transactionDetail,
+    txStatus,
+};
 
 function restoreView() {
-    const view = state.currentView;
-    if (!view || !RESTORABLE_VIEWS.has(view)) {
-        return fallbackView();
-    }
-
-    if (needsAddress(view) && !hasValidAddress()) {
-        return fallbackView();
-    }
-
-    if (view === "address-token" && !state.selectedToken) {
-        return fallbackView();
-    }
-
-    switch (view) {
-        case "address":
-            addressDetail.show();
-            break;
-        case "address-token":
-            addressToken.show();
-            break;
-        case "receive":
-            receive.show();
-            break;
-        case "settings":
-            settings.show();
-            break;
-        case "settings-addtoken":
-            settingsAddToken.show();
-            break;
-        case "confirm-tx":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.pendingTx) {
-                confirmTx.restore();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "transaction":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.tx) {
-                transactionDetail.render();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "wait-tx":
-            // Resumes the receipt poll from the persisted broadcast time.
-            if (!txStatus.restoreWait()) {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "success-tx":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.hash) {
-                txStatus.renderSuccess();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        case "error-tx":
-            if (state.viewData && state.viewData.message) {
-                txStatus.renderError();
-            } else {
-                fallbackView();
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            fallbackView();
-            break;
+    if (!renderView(state.currentView, state, viewModules)) {
+        fallbackView();
     }
 }
 
@@ -247,7 +179,7 @@ async function init() {
         settings.show();
     });
 
-    setRenderMain(renderWalletList);
+    setBackRenderer(makeBackRenderer(state, viewModules));
 
     welcome.init(ctx);
     addWallet.init(ctx);

src/popup/viewRouter.js

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Rendering a view the popup lands on without having navigated to it
+// forward: on restore, and on Back. In both cases the view may never have
+// been rendered in this page load — a reopened popup renders only the
+// wallet list and the view it restores onto, so every other view is still
+// the blank static template from index.html — so unhiding it is not enough.
+//
+// Forward navigation renders as it goes and must NOT come through here:
+// rendering a second time would re-fetch and clobber whatever the view has
+// in flight.
+//
+// The view modules are injected and nothing here touches the DOM, so the
+// dispatch and its data guards can be tested directly; src/popup/index.js
+// cannot be required outside a browser.
+
+const { RESTORABLE_VIEWS } = require("./restorableViews");
+
+// The views this page load has rendered.
+//
+// The Back path cannot otherwise tell its two cases apart. A view the popup
+// never rendered is still the blank template from index.html and has to be
+// rendered; a view already on the page must NOT be rendered again, because
+// a second render re-fetches and overwrites whatever the user has typed
+// into it and not yet saved.
+//
+// Registration is showView() in views/helpers.js, which is the last thing
+// every render path runs — restoreView()'s, the Back path's, and every
+// forward show(). That is the point of putting it there rather than in the
+// individual views: a view added later registers itself with no one having
+// to remember it, so this cannot decay.
+//
+// Module scope is page-load scope: the popup loads this module once per
+// page load, and a reopened popup gets a fresh, empty set — which is
+// exactly the state that makes the Back path render.
+const renderedViews = new Set();
+
+function markViewRendered(view) {
+    if (view) renderedViews.add(view);
+}
+
+// Begin a fresh page-load scope. The popup gets one by being loaded; the
+// unit tests, which simulate several page loads against one module
+// instance, ask for one.
+function resetRenderedViews() {
+    renderedViews.clear();
+}
+
+// Home is the exception: Back re-renders it every time, which is what the
+// popup did before this router existed (index.js registered
+// renderWalletList() as setRenderMain(), and goBack() called it on every
+// Back onto "main"). It must stay that way — the wallet list has to reflect
+// what changed while the user was away from it, such as a wallet renamed or
+// an address removed in Settings — and Home holds no unsaved input to lose.
+const ALWAYS_RENDER_ON_BACK = new Set(["main"]);
+
+// Views that render an address the user picked and cannot be rendered
+// without one.
+const ADDRESS_VIEWS = new Set([
+    "address",
+    "address-token",
+    "receive",
+    "transaction",
+]);
+
+function needsAddress(view) {
+    return ADDRESS_VIEWS.has(view);
+}
+
+function hasValidAddress(state) {
+    return Boolean(
+        state.selectedWallet !== null &&
+        state.selectedAddress !== null &&
+        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet] &&
+        state.wallets[state.selectedWallet].addresses[state.selectedAddress],
+    );
+}
+
+// Render `view` from persisted state. Each view module shows itself, so a
+// true return means the view is both rendered and on screen.
+//
+// Returns false when the view is not one the popup renders from state, or
+// when the state it would render is gone — a token no longer selected, a
+// transaction no longer persisted. The caller falls back rather than
+// putting an empty template on screen.
+function renderView(view, state, views) {
+    if (!view || !RESTORABLE_VIEWS.has(view)) return false;
+    if (needsAddress(view) && !hasValidAddress(state)) return false;
+    if (view === "address-token" && !state.selectedToken) return false;
+
+    const data = state.viewData || {};
+    switch (view) {
+        case "main":
+            views.main.show();
+            return true;
+        case "address":
+            views.addressDetail.show();
+            return true;
+        case "address-token":
+            views.addressToken.show();
+            return true;
+        case "receive":
+            views.receive.show();
+            return true;
+        case "settings":
+            views.settings.show();
+            return true;
+        case "settings-addtoken":
+            views.settingsAddToken.show();
+            return true;
+        case "confirm-tx":
+            if (!data.pendingTx) return false;
+            views.confirmTx.restore();
+            return true;
+        case "transaction":
+            if (!data.tx) return false;
+            views.transactionDetail.render();
+            return true;
+        case "wait-tx":
+            // Resumes the receipt poll from the persisted broadcast time,
+            // and answers false when there is nothing resumable left.
+            return Boolean(views.txStatus.restoreWait());
+        case "success-tx":
+            if (!data.hash) return false;
+            views.txStatus.renderSuccess();
+            return true;
+        case "error-tx":
+            if (!data.message) return false;
+            views.txStatus.renderError();
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// The Back-path renderer, registered with setBackRenderer() in
+// views/helpers.js.
+//
+// Returns false — leaving goBack() to unhide the view, as it always did —
+// in the two cases where the view is known to be on the page already:
+//
+//   - It is not one the popup renders from persisted state. The restored
+//     stack is filtered against RESTORABLE_VIEWS, so such a view can only
+//     be on the stack from this page load, where forward navigation
+//     rendered it on the way in.
+//   - This page load has rendered it. Re-rendering would re-fetch and
+//     clobber what it holds; Home is rendered anyway, see above.
+//
+// What is left is the case the router exists for: a view on the stack that
+// this page load has never rendered, whose template is still blank.
+function makeBackRenderer(state, views) {
+    return function renderBack(view) {
+        if (!RESTORABLE_VIEWS.has(view)) return false;
+        if (renderedViews.has(view) && !ALWAYS_RENDER_ON_BACK.has(view)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!renderView(view, state, views)) {
+            views.main.show();
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+    renderView,
+    makeBackRenderer,
+    markViewRendered,
+    resetRenderedViews,
+};

src/popup/views/helpers.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const {
     getAddressValueUsd,
 } = require("../../shared/prices");
 const { state, saveState, currentNetwork } = require("../../shared/state");
+const { markViewRendered } = require("../viewRouter");
 
 // When views are added, removed, or transitions between them change,
 // update the view-navigation documentation in README.md to match.
@@ -76,6 +77,10 @@ function showView(name) {
     }
     clearFlash();
     state.currentView = name;
+    // A view's show() ends here, so this is where the Back path learns the
+    // view is no longer the blank template from index.html and must not be
+    // rendered a second time. See viewRouter.js.
+    markViewRendered(name);
     saveState();
     updateDebugBanner(name);
 }
@@ -111,12 +116,19 @@ function updateDebugBanner(viewName) {
     }
 }
 
-// Callback to re-render the main/home view when navigating back to it.
-// Set once by index.js via setRenderMain().
-let _renderMain = null;
+// Callback that renders a view being navigated BACK onto. Set once by
+// index.js via setBackRenderer(), which routes the view through the same
+// per-view render and data guards restoreView() uses.
+//
+// It answers true when it took the navigation — the view is rendered and
+// shown, or its backing data was gone and it fell back — and false for a
+// view the popup does not render from persisted state. Those can only be
+// on the stack from this page load, because the stack is filtered on load,
+// so they have already been rendered and only need unhiding.
+let _renderBack = null;
 
-function setRenderMain(fn) {
-    _renderMain = fn;
+function setBackRenderer(fn) {
+    _renderBack = fn;
 }
 
 // Push the current view onto the navigation stack so goBack() can
@@ -136,9 +148,11 @@ function goBack() {
     } else {
         target = "main";
     }
-    if (target === "main" && _renderMain) {
-        _renderMain();
-    }
+    // A popped view is landed on, not navigated to. If the popup has been
+    // closed and reopened since the view was pushed, nothing has ever
+    // rendered it in this page load and its template is still blank, so it
+    // has to be rendered here rather than merely unhidden.
+    if (_renderBack && _renderBack(target)) return;
     showView(target);
 }
 
@@ -470,7 +484,7 @@ module.exports = {
     showView,
     onViewLeave,
     updateDebugBanner,
-    setRenderMain,
+    setBackRenderer,
     pushCurrentView,
     goBack,
     clearViewStack,

src/shared/approvalVerify.js

@@ -602,12 +602,6 @@ const TX_STAGE_BROADCAST = "broadcast";
 // may yet succeed, so the one thing the popup must not say is "start again
 // from the site".
 const TX_STAGE_INFLIGHT = "inflight";
-// A transaction refused for a nonce that is already spoken for, either by the
-// node's own answer or by this wallet's record of what it has broadcast. It is
-// the one broadcast-stage failure that is not ambiguous: the transaction was
-// not taken, so the user is told it did not reach the network and to send it
-// again, rather than being warned that it might already be out there.
-const TX_STAGE_NONCE = "nonce";
 
 function errorText(err) {
     if (typeof err === "string" && err !== "") return err;
@@ -617,59 +611,6 @@ function errorText(err) {
     return "The transaction could not be sent.";
 }
 
-// Every string a failure might carry its reason in. ethers reports the node's
-// own words in `shortMessage`, but a JSON-RPC error it could not classify is
-// nested under `error` or `info.error` with the node's message intact, and the
-// classification below has to see that too.
-function failureTexts(err) {
-    if (typeof err === "string") return [err];
-    if (!err || typeof err !== "object") return [];
-    const texts = [];
-    for (const text of [err.shortMessage, err.message, err.reason]) {
-        if (text) texts.push(String(text));
-    }
-    const nested = err.error || (err.info && err.info.error);
-    if (nested && nested.message) texts.push(String(nested.message));
-    return texts;
-}
-
-// What the Ethereum clients say when a transaction's nonce is already spoken
-// for: either it is below the account's next nonce, or another transaction is
-// sitting in the pool at that nonce and this one did not outbid it. Either way
-// the node answered, and its answer was that it did not take this transaction.
-//
-// "already known" is deliberately absent. A node that says it knows the
-// transaction has it, so that transaction did reach the network and the
-// ambiguous broadcast wording is the correct one for it.
-const NONCE_COLLISION_PATTERNS = [
-    /nonce too low/i,
-    /nonce has already been used/i,
-    /invalid nonce/i,
-    /oldnonce/i,
-    /replacement transaction underpriced/i,
-    /replacement fee too low/i,
-];
-
-// ethers' own classification of the same two conditions.
-const NONCE_COLLISION_CODES = ["NONCE_EXPIRED", "REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED"];
-
-// Whether a failed send is a nonce collision.
-function isNonceCollision(err) {
-    if (!err) return false;
-    if (err.code && NONCE_COLLISION_CODES.includes(err.code)) return true;
-    return failureTexts(err).some((text) =>
-        NONCE_COLLISION_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(text)),
-    );
-}
-
-// What both the requesting page and the popup are told about a nonce
-// collision. The node's own words ("nonce too low") are a fragment and are
-// replaced rather than passed through: they are not a sentence, and they say
-// less than the wallet knows.
-const NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE =
-    "The transaction was not sent, because its nonce had already been used" +
-    " by another transaction.";
-
 // What the background does with a pending transaction approval after a failed
 // attempt: what it tells the popup, and whether the approval is spent
 // (resolved to the requesting page as an error and deleted) or left standing
@@ -686,31 +627,12 @@ const NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE =
 //    that never left from one that is already in the mempool. The approval is
 //    spent and the requesting page has been given its outcome; a second
 //    attempt against it would report a second outcome for one request.
-//  - nonce: terminal too, and the one case where the wallet does know the
-//    transaction never left. The approval carries a nonce that is spent, so
-//    the artifact signed against it can never be accepted and the user is told
-//    to send it again from the site.
-//
-// The stage comes back out because a broadcast failure the node blamed on the
-// nonce is reclassified here; the caller reports the stage this returns rather
-// than the one it passed in.
 function describeTxFailure(stage, err) {
-    if (
-        stage === TX_STAGE_NONCE ||
-        (stage === TX_STAGE_BROADCAST && isNonceCollision(err))
-    ) {
-        return {
-            error: NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE,
-            retryable: false,
-            spendApproval: true,
-            stage: TX_STAGE_NONCE,
-        };
-    }
     const error = errorText(err);
     const retryable =
         stage === TX_STAGE_SIGN ||
         (stage === TX_STAGE_VERIFY && failureIsRetryable(err));
-    return { error, retryable, spendApproval: !retryable, stage };
+    return { error, retryable, spendApproval: !retryable };
 }
 
 // What the popup shows and does after the background reports a failed signing
@@ -720,20 +642,14 @@ function describeTxFailure(stage, err) {
 //
 // A failed broadcast gets its own wording: the transaction may already be on
 // the network, so telling the user to start again from the site is exactly the
-// wrong instruction. A nonce collision is the exception to that exception —
-// the transaction demonstrably did not go out, and saying it might have would
-// send the user hunting for a transaction that does not exist.
+// wrong instruction.
 function describeSigningFailure(response, fallbackMessage) {
     let message = (response && response.error) || fallbackMessage;
     if (!/[.!?]$/.test(message)) message += ".";
     const retryable = !!(response && response.retryable);
     const stage = response && response.stage;
     if (!retryable) {
-        if (stage === TX_STAGE_NONCE) {
-            message +=
-                " The transaction did not reach the network." +
-                " Please send it again from the site.";
-        } else if (stage === TX_STAGE_BROADCAST) {
+        if (stage === TX_STAGE_BROADCAST) {
             message +=
                 " The transaction may still have reached the network." +
                 " Check the account before sending it again.";
@@ -759,11 +675,9 @@ module.exports = {
     assertWithinCeilings,
     sameAddress,
     failureIsRetryable,
-    isNonceCollision,
     describeTxFailure,
     describeSigningFailure,
     ApprovalMismatchError,
-    NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE,
     ALLOWED_TX_TYPES,
     SERIALIZED_FIELDS,
     FORBIDDEN_FIELDS,
@@ -772,7 +686,6 @@ module.exports = {
     TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
     TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
     TX_STAGE_INFLIGHT,
-    TX_STAGE_NONCE,
     MAX_GAS_LIMIT,
     MAX_FEE_PER_GAS,
 };

tests/approvalVerify.test.js

@@ -14,10 +14,8 @@ const {
     assertWithinCeilings,
     sameAddress,
     failureIsRetryable,
-    isNonceCollision,
     describeTxFailure,
     describeSigningFailure,
-    NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE,
     ALLOWED_TX_TYPES,
     SERIALIZED_FIELDS,
     FORBIDDEN_FIELDS,
@@ -25,7 +23,6 @@ const {
     TX_STAGE_SIGN,
     TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
     TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
-    TX_STAGE_NONCE,
     MAX_GAS_LIMIT,
     MAX_FEE_PER_GAS,
 } = require("../src/shared/approvalVerify");
@@ -1194,6 +1191,7 @@ describe("signing failure and retry", () => {
             "already known",
             "timeout of 30000ms exceeded",
             "could not coalesce error",
+            "replacement transaction underpriced",
         ]) {
             const outcome = describeTxFailure(
                 TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
@@ -1201,76 +1199,10 @@ describe("signing failure and retry", () => {
             );
             expect(outcome.retryable).toBe(false);
             expect(outcome.spendApproval).toBe(true);
-            expect(outcome.stage).toBe(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST);
             expect(outcome.error).toBe(message);
         }
     });
 
-    // The one broadcast failure that is not ambiguous. The node answered, and
-    // its answer was that the nonce was already spoken for, so this
-    // transaction is not in a mempool anywhere.
-    test("a nonce the node refused is classified however it was worded", () => {
-        for (const err of [
-            new Error("nonce too low"),
-            new Error("replacement transaction underpriced"),
-            Object.assign(new Error("could not coalesce error"), {
-                code: "NONCE_EXPIRED",
-            }),
-            Object.assign(new Error("could not coalesce error"), {
-                code: "REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED",
-            }),
-            // The shape ethers hands up when it could not classify the node's
-            // error itself: the node's own words are nested underneath.
-            Object.assign(new Error("could not coalesce error"), {
-                info: { error: { code: -32000, message: "OldNonce" } },
-            }),
-        ]) {
-            const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST, err);
-            expect(
-                describeSigningFailure(
-                    outcome,
-                    "The transaction could not be sent.",
-                ).message,
-            ).toMatch(/did not reach the network/);
-            expect(outcome.retryable).toBe(false);
-            expect(outcome.spendApproval).toBe(true);
-            expect(outcome.error).toBe(NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE);
-            expect(outcome.stage).toBe(TX_STAGE_NONCE);
-            expect(isNonceCollision(err)).toBe(true);
-        }
-    });
-
-    // A node that says it knows the transaction has it, so it did reach the
-    // network and the ambiguous wording is the correct one.
-    test("already known is not a nonce collision", () => {
-        const err = new Error("already known");
-        const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST, err);
-        expect(
-            describeSigningFailure(
-                outcome,
-                "The transaction could not be sent.",
-            ).message,
-        ).toMatch(/may still have reached the network/);
-        expect(outcome.stage).toBe(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST);
-        expect(isNonceCollision(err)).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    test("a nonce collision says the transaction did not reach the network", () => {
-        const outcome = describeTxFailure(
-            TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
-            new Error("nonce too low"),
-        );
-        const copy = describeSigningFailure(
-            outcome,
-            "The transaction could not be sent.",
-        );
-        expect(copy.retryable).toBe(false);
-        expect(copy.message).toMatch(/did not reach the network/);
-        expect(copy.message).not.toMatch(/may still have reached the network/);
-        expect(copy.message).toMatch(/Please send it again from the site\.$/);
-        expect(copy.message).toMatch(/^[A-Z].*\.$/);
-    });
-
     test("a failed broadcast does not tell the user to send it again", () => {
         const outcome = describeSigningFailure(
             {

tests/backNavigation.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Back after reopening the popup (#268).
+//
+// A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the one view it restores
+// onto; every other view is still the blank static template from
+// index.html. goBack() used to only unhide its target, so Back landed on
+// that blank template for any view the popup had not rendered in this page
+// load. These tests drive the real goBack() with the real router wired to
+// recording view modules, so what is asserted is which view render ran —
+// the thing that was missing.
+//
+// The rendering itself is asserted against the real popup in a real
+// browser by tests/e2e/run.js; here the DOM is a stub, because goBack()
+// only needs showView() to work.
+
+const els = new Map();
+
+function fakeEl() {
+    return {
+        textContent: "",
+        innerHTML: "",
+        classList: {
+            toggle() {},
+            add() {},
+            remove() {},
+            contains: () => false,
+        },
+        remove() {},
+    };
+}
+
+globalThis.document = {
+    getElementById(id) {
+        if (!els.has(id)) els.set(id, fakeEl());
+        return els.get(id);
+    },
+};
+
+// helpers.js pulls in state.js, which reads chrome.storage.local at load.
+globalThis.chrome = {
+    storage: { local: { get: async () => ({}), set: async () => {} } },
+};
+
+const {
+    showView,
+    goBack,
+    setBackRenderer,
+    pushCurrentView,
+} = require("../src/popup/views/helpers");
+const {
+    makeBackRenderer,
+    markViewRendered,
+    resetRenderedViews,
+} = require("../src/popup/viewRouter");
+const { state } = require("../src/shared/state");
+
+const ADDRESS = "0x1111111111111111111111111111111111111111";
+const TOKEN = "0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48";
+
+let calls;
+
+// Stand-ins for the view modules. Each records itself and then shows its
+// view, which is what every real view render ends with — so the assertions
+// can tell "rendered and shown" apart from "merely unhidden".
+function recorder(name, view) {
+    return () => {
+        calls.push(name);
+        showView(view);
+    };
+}
+
+function makeViews() {
+    return {
+        main: { show: recorder("main", "main") },
+        addressDetail: { show: recorder("addressDetail", "address") },
+        addressToken: { show: recorder("addressToken", "address-token") },
+        receive: { show: recorder("receive", "receive") },
+        settings: { show: recorder("settings", "settings") },
+        settingsAddToken: {
+            show: recorder("settingsAddToken", "settings-addtoken"),
+        },
+        confirmTx: { restore: recorder("confirmTx", "confirm-tx") },
+        transactionDetail: {
+            render: recorder("transactionDetail", "transaction"),
+        },
+        txStatus: {
+            restoreWait: () => {
+                calls.push("waitTx");
+                showView("wait-tx");
+                return true;
+            },
+            renderSuccess: recorder("successTx", "success-tx"),
+            renderError: recorder("errorTx", "error-tx"),
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+// The popup as it stands just after a reopen: one wallet with one address,
+// the view the popup restored onto, and the stack behind it.
+//
+// A reopen is a fresh page load, so the record of what has been rendered
+// starts empty — that emptiness is what makes the Back path render at all.
+// Returns the view modules so a test can drive forward navigation through
+// the same recorders the router renders through.
+function reopenedOn(view, stack, extra) {
+    calls = [];
+    resetRenderedViews();
+    state.wallets = [
+        {
+            name: "Wallet 1",
+            addresses: [{ address: ADDRESS, balance: "0", tokenBalances: [] }],
+        },
+    ];
+    state.selectedWallet = 0;
+    state.selectedAddress = 0;
+    state.selectedToken = null;
+    state.viewData = null;
+    state.currentView = view;
+    state.viewStack = stack.slice();
+    Object.assign(state, extra || {});
+    // Restoring onto a view renders it, so the reopened popup has that one
+    // view on the page and nothing else.
+    markViewRendered(view);
+    const views = makeViews();
+    setBackRenderer(makeBackRenderer(state, views));
+    return views;
+}
+
+// The reproduction from the issue, step for step.
+describe("Back onto a view the reopened popup never rendered", () => {
+    test("Back from settings renders the address detail underneath", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["addressDetail"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("address");
+        expect(state.viewStack).toEqual(["main"]);
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the token detail renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address", "address-token"], {
+            selectedToken: TOKEN,
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["addressToken"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("address-token");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto Receive renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address", "receive"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["receive"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("receive");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the transaction detail renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "transaction"], {
+            viewData: { tx: { hash: "0xdead" } },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["transactionDetail"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("transaction");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the transaction confirmation restores it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "confirm-tx"], {
+            viewData: { pendingTx: { to: ADDRESS, amount: "1" } },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["confirmTx"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("confirm-tx");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the success screen renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "success-tx"], {
+            viewData: { hash: "0xdead" },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["successTx"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("success-tx");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto the failure screen renders it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "error-tx"], {
+            viewData: { message: "execution reverted" },
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["errorTx"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("error-tx");
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto Home renders the wallet list", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("Back with an empty stack renders Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", []);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+});
+
+// The guards are restoreView()'s, so a popped view whose backing data is
+// gone lands on Home rather than on an empty template.
+describe("Back onto a view whose backing data is gone", () => {
+    test("the token detail with no token selected falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address-token"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the transaction detail with no transaction falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "transaction"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the confirmation with no pending transaction falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "confirm-tx"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("an address view with no address selected falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "receive"], {
+            selectedAddress: null,
+        });
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the success screen with no transaction hash falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "success-tx"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("the failure screen with no message falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "error-tx"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+
+    test("a wait that can no longer be resumed falls back to Home", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "wait-tx"]);
+        const views = makeViews();
+        views.txStatus.restoreWait = () => false;
+        setBackRenderer(makeBackRenderer(state, views));
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+});
+
+// Forward navigation renders as it goes, and a second render would re-fetch
+// and clobber whatever the view holds — an unsaved edit, a request in
+// flight. So the Back path renders only a view this page load has never
+// rendered, and merely unhides every other one: the views it does not
+// render from persisted state, and the views already on the page.
+describe("what the Back path leaves alone", () => {
+    test("forward navigation renders nothing by itself", () => {
+        reopenedOn("address", ["main"]);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        showView("send");
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.viewStack).toEqual(["main", "address"]);
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto a live-session view only unhides it", () => {
+        reopenedOn("confirm-tx", ["main", "address", "send"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("send");
+    });
+
+    test("Back renders its target exactly once", () => {
+        reopenedOn("settings", ["main", "address"]);
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls.filter((c) => c === "addressDetail")).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    test("Back onto a view this page load already rendered only unhides it", () => {
+        const views = reopenedOn("main", []);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.addressDetail.show();
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.settings.show();
+        calls = [];
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("address");
+    });
+
+    // The unit mirror of the regression the browser suite pins: Settings
+    // reassigns its fields from persisted state on every render, so a
+    // re-render on the way back discards an edit the user has not saved.
+    test("Back onto Settings visited earlier in this page load does not re-render it", () => {
+        const views = reopenedOn("main", []);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.settings.show();
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.settingsAddToken.show();
+        calls = [];
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual([]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("settings");
+    });
+
+    // Home is the deliberate exception, unchanged from the popup's
+    // behaviour before the router existed: it re-renders on every Back so
+    // the wallet list reflects what changed while the user was away.
+    test("Back onto Home renders it again even when it is already on the page", () => {
+        const views = reopenedOn("main", []);
+        pushCurrentView();
+        views.addressDetail.show();
+        calls = [];
+        goBack();
+        expect(calls).toEqual(["main"]);
+        expect(state.currentView).toBe("main");
+    });
+});

tests/backgroundApproval.test.js

@@ -206,10 +206,6 @@ function loadBackground(options) {
     // approval id back out of the popup URL the background opened.
     function requestTx(txParams) {
         let rpcResult = null;
-        // The window this request opens, if it opens one. A request refused
-        // before an approval is raised opens none, and the window belonging to
-        // some other request must not be handed back as this one's.
-        const windowIndex = created.length;
         const sendResponse = jest.fn((r) => {
             rpcResult = r;
         });
@@ -223,12 +219,7 @@ function loadBackground(options) {
             sendResponse,
         );
         return {
-            id: () =>
-                created.length > windowIndex
-                    ? new URL(created[windowIndex].url).searchParams.get(
-                          "approval",
-                      )
-                    : null,
+            id: () => new URL(created[0].url).searchParams.get("approval"),
             result: () => rpcResult,
         };
     }
@@ -453,176 +444,6 @@ describe("one approval, one broadcast", () => {
     });
 });
 
-// Populating the transaction before the approval window opens is what makes
-// the displayed object the verified object. It also fixes the nonce before the
-// user has answered anything: two requests populated concurrently take the
-// same nonce from a node that has seen neither of them broadcast, and the
-// second can then never be sent, because the only way to give it a fresh nonce
-// is to populate it again after the user has read the old one off the screen.
-// So the second request is refused while the first is unanswered.
-describe("one transaction approval at a time", () => {
-    test("a second eth_sendTransaction while one is pending is refused before it takes a nonce", async () => {
-        const getTransactionCount = jest.fn(async () => NONCE);
-        const bg = loadBackground({ provider: { getTransactionCount } });
-
-        const first = bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-        expect(first.id()).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(getTransactionCount).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-
-        const second = bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-
-        expect(second.result()).toEqual({
-            error: {
-                code: -32002,
-                message: expect.stringMatching(
-                    /already waiting to be approved/,
-                ),
-            },
-        });
-        // Where the refusal happened matters as much as that it happened: no
-        // second window, and the node was never asked for a second nonce.
-        expect(bg.created).toHaveLength(1);
-        expect(getTransactionCount).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-
-        // The refusal leaves the pending approval untouched, and it still
-        // sends.
-        bg.broadcastTransaction.mockResolvedValue({ hash: "0xfeed" });
-        bg.send(
-            {
-                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
-                id: first.id(),
-                approved: true,
-                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
-            },
-            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
-        );
-        await settle();
-        expect(first.result()).toEqual({ result: "0xfeed" });
-    });
-
-    test("an answered approval frees the next request", async () => {
-        const bg = loadBackground();
-        const first = bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-
-        // The user closes the approval window, which rejects it.
-        bg.closeWindow(1);
-        await settle();
-        expect(first.result()).toEqual({
-            error: { code: 4001, message: "User rejected the request." },
-        });
-
-        const second = bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-        expect(second.id()).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(bg.created).toHaveLength(2);
-    });
-
-    test("a signature request is not held up by a pending transaction", async () => {
-        const bg = loadBackground();
-        bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-
-        // A signature consumes no nonce, so it has nothing to collide with.
-        const signing = bg.requestSign();
-        await settle();
-        expect(signing.id()).toBeTruthy();
-        expect(signing.result()).toBeNull();
-        expect(bg.created).toHaveLength(2);
-    });
-});
-
-// A nonce collision found before the transaction reaches the network is the
-// one send failure the wallet can speak about with certainty. The user is told
-// it did not go out and to send it again, rather than being warned it might
-// already be on the chain — which would send them looking for a transaction
-// that does not exist, and stop them retrying the one that never went.
-describe("a nonce collision is reported as a transaction that did not go out", () => {
-    test("a broadcast the node refused for the nonce is not reported as possibly sent", async () => {
-        const bg = loadBackground();
-        const pending = bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-
-        bg.broadcastTransaction.mockRejectedValue(
-            Object.assign(new Error("nonce too low"), {
-                code: "NONCE_EXPIRED",
-            }),
-        );
-        const answer = bg.send(
-            {
-                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
-                id: pending.id(),
-                approved: true,
-                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
-            },
-            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
-        );
-        await settle();
-
-        expect(answer.sendResponse).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-            error: expect.stringMatching(/nonce had already been used/),
-            retryable: false,
-            stage: "nonce",
-        });
-        expect(pending.result()).toEqual({
-            error: {
-                message: expect.stringMatching(
-                    /transaction was not sent, because its nonce/,
-                ),
-            },
-        });
-    });
-
-    test("a nonce this wallet already broadcast is refused without asking the node again", async () => {
-        const bg = loadBackground();
-        const first = bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-
-        bg.broadcastTransaction.mockResolvedValue({ hash: "0xfeed" });
-        bg.send(
-            {
-                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
-                id: first.id(),
-                approved: true,
-                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
-            },
-            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
-        );
-        await settle();
-        expect(first.result()).toEqual({ result: "0xfeed" });
-
-        // The stubbed node still reports NONCE as the next nonce — a pending
-        // count that lags a broadcast the node has already taken — so this
-        // second approval is populated at a nonce this worker has spent.
-        const second = bg.requestTx();
-        await settle();
-        const answer = bg.send(
-            {
-                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
-                id: second.id(),
-                approved: true,
-                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
-            },
-            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
-        );
-        await settle();
-
-        expect(bg.broadcastTransaction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-        expect(answer.sendResponse).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-            error: expect.stringMatching(/nonce had already been used/),
-            retryable: false,
-            stage: "nonce",
-        });
-        expect(second.result()).toEqual({
-            error: {
-                message: expect.stringMatching(/nonce had already been used/),
-            },
-        });
-    });
-});
-
 // The approval carries the transaction the user was shown and the address it
 // was raised for, and the artifact is checked against both. Every case here is
 // one the old comparison — against the dApp's request, for the address that is

tests/e2e/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Chrome end-to-end image: the pinned Playwright image with this repo and a
+# freshly built extension inside it, built by script/test-e2e. The suite is
+# still started with `docker run`, so every runtime flag the harness needs
+# (--ipc=host in particular) applies as before.
+#
+# The repo is baked in rather than bind-mounted because a bind mount does
+# not resolve under Gitea Actions: the runner runs the job in a container
+# against the HOST's docker socket, so the source side of a -v is resolved
+# by the host daemon while the job's checkout lives on a docker volume that
+# is not a host path -- the mount silently succeeds and /work is empty. A
+# build context is streamed to the daemon and so works from anywhere.
+# Building the extension here too means the machine starting a run needs
+# docker and nothing else.
+
+# mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.56.0-noble, 2026-08-09
+#
+# The playwright-core devDependency is pinned to the matching Playwright
+# version (1.56.0) and the two must be bumped together: the browsers ship
+# inside this image, and playwright-core looks for the exact browser
+# revision its own version expects. A mismatch fails at launch.
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/playwright@sha256:35246d87a7c88ea9b771c65d33171b2611b02a8253b4b12ce6f94376c55f99f2
+
+WORKDIR /work
+
+# Same layering as the root Dockerfile: script/bootstrap installs the
+# prerequisites and the dependencies, and the manifests are copied first so
+# that layer is cached until they change.
+COPY script/ script/
+COPY package.json yarn.lock ./
+RUN script/bootstrap
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN make build

tests/e2e/firefox/Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,24 @@
 # Firefox end-to-end image: stock Firefox plus geckodriver on a node base,
-# built by script/test-e2e-firefox. The repo is bind-mounted at /work; the
-# harness itself has no dependencies, so nothing is installed for it.
+# with this repo and a freshly built extension inside it, built by
+# script/test-e2e-firefox. The harness itself has no dependencies, so
+# nothing is installed for it.
 #
-# All three external artifacts are pinned by digest. The Firefox version in
-# particular must not float: -remote-allow-system-access is mandatory on 153
-# and was not on 142, so the flag the harness passes is version-coupled.
+# The build context is the repo root. The repo is baked in rather than
+# bind-mounted because a bind mount does not resolve under Gitea Actions:
+# the runner runs the job in a container against the HOST's docker socket,
+# so the source side of a -v is resolved by the host daemon while the job's
+# checkout lives on a docker volume that is not a host path -- the mount
+# silently succeeds and /work is empty. Baking the build in is also the
+# only way this suite can have both a built extension and the
+# `--network none` it runs under, since a container with no network cannot
+# install anything.
+#
+# All three external artifacts are pinned by digest, and are fetched in
+# layers above the repo copy, so editing the harness or any source file
+# re-runs only the two cheap layers at the bottom. The Firefox version in
+# particular must not float: -remote-allow-system-access is mandatory on
+# 153 and was not on 142, so the flag the harness passes is
+# version-coupled.
 
 # node:22-bookworm-slim, 2026-08-12
 FROM node@sha256:d649c27dae7ba0137b3cef5dd75baa422c08dc3d9e3fc0c23dfb172dc3cc6436
@@ -48,4 +62,16 @@ ENV FIREFOX_BIN=/opt/firefox/firefox
 ENV GECKODRIVER=/usr/local/bin/geckodriver
 
 WORKDIR /work
+
+# Same layering as the root Dockerfile: script/bootstrap installs the
+# prerequisites and the dependencies, and the manifests are copied first so
+# that layer is cached until they change.
+COPY script/ script/
+COPY package.json yarn.lock ./
+RUN script/bootstrap
+
+COPY . .
+
+RUN make build
+
 CMD ["node", "tests/e2e/firefox/run.js", "dist/firefox"]

tests/e2e/run.js

@@ -419,6 +419,172 @@ test("reopening the popup never lands on the phrase screen (#161)", async (env)
     assertWiped(st, env.phrase, "after reopening the popup");
 });
 
+// ------------------------------- Back after reopening the popup (#268)
+
+// A reopened popup renders the wallet list and the view it restores onto,
+// and nothing else: every other screen is still the blank static template
+// from index.html. Back used to only unhide its target, which is why these
+// have to run against the real popup — the template is present and
+// well-formed, so only its emptiness distinguishes the defect, and only a
+// real reopen produces it.
+
+// Everything the address screen must have on it, read out of the DOM.
+function addressScreenState(page) {
+    return page.evaluate(() => {
+        const line = document.getElementById("address-line");
+        const balances = document.getElementById("address-balances");
+        return {
+            hidden: document
+                .getElementById("view-address")
+                .classList.contains("hidden"),
+            line: line ? line.innerText.trim() : "",
+            balances: balances ? balances.innerText.trim() : "",
+        };
+    });
+}
+
+// Close and reopen the page rather than reload it: that is what the toolbar
+// popup does, and it is the only thing that produces the unrendered views.
+async function reopenPopup(env, restoredView) {
+    await env.page.close();
+    env.page = await openPopup(env.ctx, env.popupUrl);
+    await visible(env.page, restoredView);
+}
+
+// The reproduction from the issue, step for step.
+test("Back after reopening the popup renders the address screen (#268)", async (env) => {
+    await openAddressDetail(env.page);
+    const before = await addressScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        before.line.length > 0,
+        "the address screen was blank to begin with",
+    );
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    await reopenPopup(env, "#view-settings");
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-address");
+
+    const after = await addressScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        after.line === before.line,
+        "the address line reads " +
+            JSON.stringify(after.line) +
+            ", expected " +
+            JSON.stringify(before.line),
+    );
+    assert(
+        after.balances.includes("ETH"),
+        "the balances read " + JSON.stringify(after.balances),
+    );
+});
+
+// The same defect one screen further in. Receive holds the address twice
+// over — as text and as the QR code the sender scans — and a blank one is
+// worse than a missing screen.
+// Everything the Receive screen must have on it. The QR code is read as
+// pixels, not as an element: the blank template carries the canvas too, a
+// default 300x150 one with nothing drawn on it and every pixel fully
+// transparent. A drawn QR paints an opaque background across the whole
+// canvas, so a single opaque pixel is the whole question.
+function receiveScreenState(page) {
+    return page.evaluate(() => {
+        const block = document.getElementById("receive-address-block");
+        const canvas = document.getElementById("receive-qr");
+        const px = canvas
+            .getContext("2d")
+            .getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height).data;
+        let opaque = 0;
+        for (let i = 3; i < px.length; i += 4) {
+            if (px[i] > 0) opaque += 1;
+        }
+        return {
+            address: block.dataset.full || "",
+            text: block.innerText.trim(),
+            qrOpaquePixels: opaque,
+        };
+    });
+}
+
+test("Back after reopening the popup renders the Receive screen (#268)", async (env) => {
+    await openAddressDetail(env.page);
+    await env.page.click("#btn-receive");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-receive");
+    const before = await receiveScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/.test(before.address),
+        "Receive showed no address to begin with: " +
+            JSON.stringify(before.address),
+    );
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    await reopenPopup(env, "#view-settings");
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-receive");
+
+    const shown = await receiveScreenState(env.page);
+    assert(
+        shown.address === before.address,
+        "Receive shows " +
+            JSON.stringify(shown.address) +
+            ", expected " +
+            JSON.stringify(before.address),
+    );
+    assert(
+        shown.text.includes(before.address),
+        "the Receive address is not on screen: " + JSON.stringify(shown.text),
+    );
+    assert(shown.qrOpaquePixels > 0, "Receive shows an unpainted QR code");
+
+    // Leave the suite where it found it.
+    await env.page.click("#btn-receive-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-address");
+    await env.page.click("#btn-address-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-main");
+});
+
+// The other half of the requirement: Back renders a screen this page load
+// never rendered, and must NOT re-render one it already has on screen.
+// settings.show() reassigns #settings-rpc from persisted state, so
+// re-rendering Settings on the way back would silently revert whatever the
+// user typed and had not saved yet — and they could then press Save and
+// store the value they believed they had replaced. No reopen here: this is
+// an ordinary in-session forward-and-back, which is exactly why the render
+// must not happen.
+test("Back onto Settings keeps unsaved input (#268)", async (env) => {
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-main");
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    const typed = "https://rpc.example.invalid/unsaved";
+    await env.page.fill("#settings-rpc", typed);
+
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-add-token");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings-addtoken");
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-addtoken-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-settings");
+
+    const kept = await env.page.inputValue("#settings-rpc");
+    assert(
+        kept === typed,
+        "the unsaved RPC URL reads " +
+            JSON.stringify(kept) +
+            ", expected " +
+            JSON.stringify(typed),
+    );
+
+    // Leave the suite where it found it. The typed value was never saved,
+    // and Settings reloads the field from state next time it renders.
+    await env.page.click("#btn-settings-back");
+    await visible(env.page, "#view-main");
+});
+
 // -------------------------------------------- address removal (#162)
 
 // Number of address rows across every wallet in the list, counted in the DOM