fix: one transaction approval at a time, and honest copy for a nonce collision (closes #271)

Populating the transaction in the background before the approval window
opens is what makes the displayed object the verified object. It also
fixes the nonce before the user has answered anything, so two
eth_sendTransaction calls populated concurrently took the same nonce
from a node that had seen neither of them broadcast, and the second
could never be sent: its approved nonce is spent, and the only way to
give it a fresh one is to populate it again after the user has read the
old one off the screen.

A second transaction approval is now refused while one is unanswered,
with EIP-1193 code -32002. The refusal happens before anything is
populated — no second nonce is allocated, no window opens — and the slot
is released when the requesting page has its answer. Signature approvals
are not gated; a signature consumes no nonce.

A collision that does happen is now reported for what it is. A broadcast
the node refused for the nonce, and an approval carrying a nonce this
worker has already broadcast (caught before the node is asked at all),
both report that the transaction did not reach the network and to send
it again, instead of the standing broadcast wording that warns it may
have sent. "already known" keeps that ambiguous wording deliberately: a
node that says it has the transaction has it.

Nothing about verification is weakened. The approval still carries the
transaction the screen displayed, and the artifact is still compared
against that object field for field.

README.md

@@ -243,18 +243,10 @@ and this suite exists because exactly that class of bug shipped twice.
 
 `make test-e2e-firefox` builds `dist/firefox/` and drives the **real popup in a
 real Firefox**, installed as an unpacked MV2 temporary add-on via geckodriver.
-It covers popup load, wallet creation through the UI, the Add Token screen, and
-the four dApp round trips — `eth_requestAccounts`, `personal_sign`,
-`eth_sendTransaction`, and a closed approval window rejecting with EIP-1193 4001
-— driven through the real content script, background page and approval windows.
-
-The suite lives in `tests/e2e/firefox/`. Its WebDriver client (`driver.js`) has
-**no npm dependencies at all**: it is built on global `fetch` and
-`child_process` against geckodriver's HTTP API. The dApp fixture (`dapp.js`) and
-the assertions do use `ethers`, and have to — a signature is recovered in the
-runner rather than believed from the extension, and the stub node has to answer
-`eth_sendRawTransaction` with the hash `ethers` computes for the artifact it
-sent, or `provider.broadcastTransaction()` refuses the answer.
+It covers popup load, wallet creation through the UI, and the Add Token screen.
+The suite lives in `tests/e2e/firefox/` and has **no npm dependencies at all**:
+it is a small WebDriver client built on global `fetch` and `child_process`
+against geckodriver's HTTP API.
 
 Unlike the Chrome suite it builds its own container image rather than pulling a
 published one, because no published image carries both a pinned Firefox and a
@@ -276,30 +268,20 @@ because BiDi's `browsingContext.navigate` refuses `moz-extension://` outright.
 **Any uncaught error from a `moz-extension://` source fails the run**, including
 errors from the background page, which the suite never navigates to: a `throw`
 at the top of `src/background/index.js` kills the background page and fails
-step 1. Content scripts **are** exercised now — the dApp steps drive a page
-served from loopback, which survives `--network none` — but the _capture_ of a
-content-script error by this route is still unproven: no probe has forced a
-throw inside one and watched it fail the run, so it remains an expectation
-rather than a demonstrated fact. Errors from add-on install and background
-startup are folded into step 1 rather than discarded.
-
-One error is tolerated rather than fatal, listed in `ALLOWED_ERRORS` in
-`tests/e2e/firefox/run.js` with the issue that will delete it, and printed on
-every occurrence so the concession stays visible in the run output. It is
-Firefox reporting the site-approval popup's unawaited `sendMessage` settling
-after `window.close()` unloaded the context — the same teardown ordering as
-[#275](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/275), and unsuppressable from
-the calling code, because `BaseContext.wrapPromise` reports it whether or not a
-handler is attached. Errors are read from the privileged `nsIConsoleService` in
-Marionette's chrome context and filtered to non-warning entries whose
-`sourceName` is the extension origin. That mechanism is not a stylistic choice.
-WebDriver BiDi's `log.entryAdded` delivers **nothing** for extension pages: on a
-plain `http://` page it reports uncaught errors with stack traces, and on the
-`moz-extension://` popup it reports zero events, because Firefox's remote agent
-excludes extension browsing contexts from BiDi observation. Any harness built on
-Playwright-BiDi or Puppeteer-BiDi would therefore see nothing and report
-success, which is exactly the vacuous check this repo has already shipped twice.
-Do not migrate this suite to BiDi.
+step 1. Content-script errors should arrive by the same route, but this suite
+does not exercise it and does not claim it — with `--network none` there is no
+`http://` page for a content script to be injected into. Errors from add-on
+install and background startup are folded into step 1 rather than discarded.
+Errors are read from the privileged `nsIConsoleService` in Marionette's chrome
+context and filtered to non-warning entries whose `sourceName` is the extension
+origin. That mechanism is not a stylistic choice. WebDriver BiDi's
+`log.entryAdded` delivers **nothing** for extension pages: on a plain `http://`
+page it reports uncaught errors with stack traces, and on the `moz-extension://`
+popup it reports zero events, because Firefox's remote agent excludes extension
+browsing contexts from BiDi observation. Any harness built on Playwright-BiDi or
+Puppeteer-BiDi would therefore see nothing and report success, which is exactly
+the vacuous check this repo has already shipped twice. Do not migrate this suite
+to BiDi.
 
 Two limits are worth knowing, both real differences from the Chrome suite:
 
@@ -323,19 +305,17 @@ Two limits are worth knowing, both real differences from the Chrome suite:
   but a step that logs heavily could evict unread errors. What poll-based costs
   is location, not coverage: an error cannot be placed within a step the way the
   Chrome suite's `pageerror` events place it.
-- **Almost nothing is stubbed, which inverts the coverage of network-dependent
-  code.** The container still runs with `--network none`, so the run is offline
-  and no request can escape. The one thing it can reach is the loopback fixture
-  in `tests/e2e/firefox/dapp.js`, which serves the dApp page and a JSON-RPC node
-  and which the extension's `rpcUrl` is pointed at for the dApp steps; a
-  JSON-RPC method that fixture does not model fails the run rather than
-  answering `null`. Everything else — Blockscout, the price feed, the phishing
-  blocklist — has no fixture and simply fails, and the extension swallows its
-  own fetch failures, so only the _failure_ branches of that code are ever
-  executed. A `ReferenceError` in the success path of `renderTransactions`, or
-  of price rendering, passes this suite green. The offline run is also weaker
-  than the Chrome suite's interception for those calls: it proves nothing got
-  out, but it cannot report which requests were attempted.
+- **Nothing is stubbed, which inverts the coverage of network-dependent code.**
+  There is no fixture layer; the container runs with `--network none` instead,
+  so the run is offline and deterministic and no request can escape. The
+  extension swallows its own fetch failures, so the flows are unaffected — but
+  every network call fails, so only the _failure_ branches of code that depends
+  on one are ever executed. A `ReferenceError` in the success path of
+  `renderTransactions`, or of price or balance rendering, passes this suite
+  green. The offline run is also weaker than the Chrome suite's interception: it
+  proves nothing got out, but it cannot report which requests were attempted.
+  Closing that gap needs a fixture layer, deliberately out of scope for this
+  harness.
 
 Neither `make test-e2e` nor `make test-e2e-firefox` is part of `make check` or
 `make test`. `REPO_POLICIES.md` caps `make test` at 20 seconds and a browser
@@ -1183,7 +1163,11 @@ on ConfirmTx, DeleteWallet, ApproveTx and ApproveSign.
   opening the window, so the screen shows a complete transaction and the signed
   artifact can be compared with it field for field. A request that cannot be
   populated — unreachable node, reverting gas estimate — opens no window and is
-  failed back to the site.
+  failed back to the site. Only one transaction approval exists at a time:
+  populating fixes the nonce, so a second `eth_sendTransaction` arriving while
+  one is unanswered is refused with EIP-1193 code `-32002` rather than being
+  populated at the same nonce. It opens no window and takes no nonce, and the
+  site can send it again once the pending one is answered.
 - **Elements**:
     - "Transaction Request" heading
     - Phishing warning banner (shown when the hostname is on the phishing

TODO.md

@@ -45,19 +45,23 @@ undefined identifiers, which is how
 
 # Completed Steps
 
-- 2026-08-12: One shared extension-API module,
-  [`src/shared/browserApi.js`](src/shared/browserApi.js), is the only place in
-  the tree that names `browser` or `chrome`. Every call site returns a promise;
-  `runtime.lastError` is gone. The same commit gives the Firefox suite the four
-  dApp round trips — `eth_requestAccounts`, `personal_sign`,
-  `eth_sendTransaction` and a closed approval window rejecting with EIP-1193
-  4001 — against a page and a JSON-RPC node served from loopback, which survives
-  `--network none`. **The premise of
-  [#153](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/153) does not survive that
-  harness**: Firefox's `browser.*` honours a trailing Chrome-style callback and
-  populates `runtime.lastError`, both measured directly on Firefox 153.0.3, and
-  all four flows pass against the unconverted code. What landed is a uniformity
-  and coverage change, not a repair of a broken target.
+- 2026-08-14: One transaction approval at a time. Populating in the background
+  before the window opens is what makes the displayed object the verified
+  object, and it also fixes the nonce: two `eth_sendTransaction` calls populated
+  concurrently took the same nonce from a node that had seen neither broadcast,
+  and the second could then never be sent, because the only way to give it a
+  fresh nonce is to populate it again after the user has read the old one off
+  the screen. A second request is now refused with EIP-1193 `-32002` while one
+  is unanswered — before anything is populated, so no second nonce is allocated
+  and no second window opens — and the slot is freed when the page has its
+  answer. Signature approvals are not gated, consuming no nonce. A collision
+  that does happen is also reported accurately now: a broadcast the node refused
+  for the nonce, and an approval carrying a nonce this worker has already
+  broadcast (caught before the node is asked at all), both say the transaction
+  did not reach the network and to send it again, instead of warning that it may
+  have sent. `already known` deliberately keeps the ambiguous wording, because a
+  node that says it has the transaction has it
+  ([#271](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/271)).
 - 2026-08-12: EIP-1193 error codes now reach the page. `src/content/inpage.js`
   rebuilt every failure as `new Error(error.message)`, so the code the
   background produced and the content script relayed intact was dropped in the

src/background/index.js

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ const {
     TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
     TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
     TX_STAGE_INFLIGHT,
+    TX_STAGE_NONCE,
 } = require("../shared/approvalVerify");
 const { prepareApprovalTx } = require("../shared/approvalTx");
 const {
@@ -39,21 +40,17 @@ const {
     registerAlarmHandlers,
 } = require("../shared/alarms");
 
-const {
-    actionApi,
-    runtimeApi,
-    storageGet,
-    tabsQuery,
-    tabsSendMessage,
-    windowsApi,
-    windowsCreate,
-    windowsGetLastFocused,
-    windowsRemove,
-} = require("../shared/browserApi");
-
-const runtime = runtimeApi();
-const windowsNs = windowsApi();
-const actionNs = actionApi();
+const storageApi =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined"
+        ? browser.storage.local
+        : chrome.storage.local;
+const runtime =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.runtime : chrome.runtime;
+const windowsApi =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.windows : chrome.windows;
+const tabsApi = typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.tabs : chrome.tabs;
+const actionApi =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.browserAction : chrome.action;
 
 // Connected sites (in-memory, non-persisted): { "origin:address": true }
 const connectedSites = {};
@@ -61,8 +58,83 @@ const connectedSites = {};
 // Pending approval requests: { id: { origin, hostname, resolve } }
 const pendingApprovals = {};
 
+// One transaction approval at a time, wallet-wide.
+//
+// The transaction a site asks for is populated before its approval window
+// opens, so that the object the user is shown is the object the signed
+// artifact is verified against. Populating fixes the nonce. Two requests
+// populated concurrently therefore take the SAME nonce — the node reports the
+// same pending count to both, neither having been broadcast — and whichever is
+// broadcast second is refused by the network for a nonce it can never be
+// re-signed at, because re-signing it would mean signing something other than
+// what was displayed.
+//
+// So the second request is refused while the first is unanswered. It is
+// refused before anything is populated, so no second nonce is allocated at
+// all, and while the page is still waiting with nothing on screen. The
+// alternatives were considered and rejected in
+// https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/271: populating again at Confirm
+// puts a nonce on screen that is not the nonce that gets signed, and
+// allocating around in-flight approvals makes the wallet's own bookkeeping the
+// authority on a nonce the network has not accepted, which an abandoned
+// approval then leaves a hole in.
+//
+// Sign approvals are not gated: a signature consumes no nonce.
+let txApprovalSlotHeld = false;
+
+// EIP-1474 "resource unavailable": the standard code for a request that is
+// refused because another one is already pending.
+const TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_CODE = -32002;
+
+const TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_MESSAGE =
+    "Another transaction is already waiting to be approved in AutistMask," +
+    " so this one was not sent. Please answer that request, then send this" +
+    " one again.";
+
+// Take the slot, or refuse. Called before the first await of the
+// eth_sendTransaction handler, so two requests arriving in the same tick
+// cannot both pass it.
+function reserveTxApprovalSlot() {
+    if (txApprovalSlotHeld) return false;
+    txApprovalSlotHeld = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+function releaseTxApprovalSlot() {
+    txApprovalSlotHeld = false;
+}
+
+// Nonces this worker has already handed to the node, per address. This is the
+// wallet's own knowledge that a nonce is spent, and it is checked before a
+// broadcast rather than after: a node's pending count can lag a transaction it
+// has itself just accepted, and a request populated inside that window would
+// otherwise be signed and sent at a nonce this wallet has already used.
+//
+// The record dies with the worker, which is correct rather than merely
+// convenient: after a restart the node's count is the only answer available,
+// and a transaction of this wallet's that the node has forgotten is one the
+// user does want to be able to send again.
+const broadcastNonces = {};
+
+function broadcastNoncesFor(address) {
+    const key = String(address || "").toLowerCase();
+    if (!broadcastNonces[key]) broadcastNonces[key] = new Set();
+    return broadcastNonces[key];
+}
+
+// An approved transaction's nonce as a decimal string, or null if it cannot be
+// read as a number. Verification refuses an unreadable nonce before this is
+// ever reached; null here only keeps the record from holding junk.
+function approvedNonce(approvedTx) {
+    try {
+        return BigInt(approvedTx.nonce).toString();
+    } catch {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
 async function getState() {
-    const result = await storageGet("autistmask");
+    const result = await storageApi.get("autistmask");
     return (
         result.autistmask || {
             wallets: [],
@@ -126,8 +198,8 @@ async function proxyRpc(method, params) {
 }
 
 function resetPopupUrl() {
-    if (actionNs && typeof actionNs.setPopup === "function") {
-        actionNs.setPopup({ popup: "src/popup/index.html" });
+    if (actionApi && typeof actionApi.setPopup === "function") {
+        actionApi.setPopup({ popup: "src/popup/index.html" });
     }
 }
 
@@ -183,21 +255,12 @@ function releaseApproval(approval) {
 // Open approval in a separate popup window.
 // This is the primary mechanism for tx/sign approvals (triggered programmatically,
 // not from a user gesture) and the fallback for site-connection approvals.
-// Never rejects. Its callers raise it from inside a Promise executor and drop
-// the result on the floor, so a rejection here would be unhandled.
-async function openApprovalWindow(id) {
+function openApprovalWindow(id) {
     const popupUrl = runtime.getURL("src/popup/index.html?approval=" + id);
     const popupWidth = 360;
     const popupHeight = 600;
 
-    let currentWin = null;
-    try {
-        currentWin = await windowsGetLastFocused();
-    } catch {
-        // Nothing focused to centre on. The window still opens, at whatever
-        // position the browser picks.
-    }
-
+    windowsApi.getLastFocused((currentWin) => {
         const opts = {
             url: popupUrl,
             type: "popup",
@@ -212,26 +275,12 @@ async function openApprovalWindow(id) {
                 currentWin.top + (currentWin.height - popupHeight) / 2,
             );
         }
-
-    let win = null;
-    try {
-        win = await windowsCreate(opts);
-    } catch (e) {
-        // No window means no approval screen and no way for the user to
-        // answer. The request stays pending rather than being settled behind
-        // their back; say so rather than failing silently.
-        log.errorf("could not open the approval window:", e);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // The id the onRemoved listener matches on to turn a closed window into a
-    // rejection. Guarded because the create() above is a real await now: an
-    // address switch can settle and remove the approval while the window is
-    // opening, and writing the id back would resurrect a bare entry that
-    // nothing would ever resolve.
-    if (win && pendingApprovals[id]) {
+        windowsApi.create(opts, (win) => {
+            if (win) {
                 pendingApprovals[id].windowId = win.id;
             }
+        });
+    });
 }
 
 // Open an approval popup and return a promise that resolves with the user decision.
@@ -241,12 +290,12 @@ function requestApproval(origin, hostname) {
         const id = crypto.randomUUID();
         pendingApprovals[id] = { origin, hostname, resolve };
 
-        if (actionNs && typeof actionNs.openPopup === "function") {
-            actionNs.setPopup({
+        if (actionApi && typeof actionApi.openPopup === "function") {
+            actionApi.setPopup({
                 popup: "src/popup/index.html?approval=" + id,
             });
             try {
-                const result = actionNs.openPopup();
+                const result = actionApi.openPopup();
                 if (result && typeof result.catch === "function") {
                     result.catch(() => openApprovalWindow(id));
                 }
@@ -308,7 +357,7 @@ function requestSignApproval(origin, hostname, signParams, approvedFrom) {
 
 // Detect when an approval popup (browser-action) closes without a response.
 // TX and sign approvals now use windows.create() and are handled by the
-// windows.onRemoved listener below, but we still handle site-connection
+// windowsApi.onRemoved listener below, but we still handle site-connection
 // approval disconnects here.
 runtime.onConnect.addListener((port) => {
     if (port.name.startsWith("approval:")) {
@@ -612,10 +661,46 @@ async function handleRpc(method, params, origin) {
     }
 
     if (method === "eth_sendTransaction") {
+        // Synchronous, before any await: two requests delivered in the same
+        // tick must not both get past this.
+        if (!reserveTxApprovalSlot()) {
+            return {
+                error: {
+                    code: TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_CODE,
+                    message: TX_APPROVAL_PENDING_MESSAGE,
+                },
+            };
+        }
+        try {
+            return await handleSendTransaction(params, origin);
+        } finally {
+            // Held until the page has its answer — the approval was broadcast,
+            // rejected, or retired by a closed window — because until then its
+            // nonce is allocated and unspent.
+            releaseTxApprovalSlot();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Proxy safe read-only methods to the RPC node
+    if (PROXY_METHODS.includes(method)) {
+        try {
+            const result = await proxyRpc(method, params);
+            return { result };
+        } catch (e) {
+            return { error: { message: e.message } };
+        }
+    }
+
+    return { error: { message: "Unsupported method: " + method } };
+}
+
+// The body of eth_sendTransaction, from the connection check through to the
+// user's decision. Its caller holds the single transaction-approval slot for
+// as long as this runs.
+async function handleSendTransaction(params, origin) {
     const s = await getState();
     const activeAddress = await getActiveAddress();
-        if (!activeAddress)
-            return { error: { message: "No accounts available" } };
+    if (!activeAddress) return { error: { message: "No accounts available" } };
 
     const hostname = extractHostname(origin);
     const allowed = s.allowedSites[activeAddress] || [];
@@ -674,42 +759,27 @@ async function handleRpc(method, params, origin) {
     );
     if (decision.error) return { error: decision.error };
     return { result: decision.txHash };
-    }
-
-    // Proxy safe read-only methods to the RPC node
-    if (PROXY_METHODS.includes(method)) {
-        try {
-            const result = await proxyRpc(method, params);
-            return { result };
-        } catch (e) {
-            return { error: { message: e.message } };
-        }
-    }
-
-    return { error: { message: "Unsupported method: " + method } };
 }
 
 // Broadcast chainChanged to all tabs when the network is switched.
-//
-// Never rejects: its caller is an RPC handler that must answer the page
-// whatever the browser made of the broadcast.
-async function broadcastChainChanged(chainId) {
-    let tabs;
-    try {
-        tabs = await tabsQuery({});
-    } catch {
-        return;
-    }
+function broadcastChainChanged(chainId) {
+    tabsApi.query({}, (tabs) => {
         for (const tab of tabs) {
-        // A tab with no content script has no receiver, and that is the
-        // ordinary case rather than a fault. The rejection it produces is the
-        // promise-shaped form of the runtime.lastError this used to read.
-        tabsSendMessage(tab.id, {
+            tabsApi.sendMessage(
+                tab.id,
+                {
                     type: "AUTISTMASK_EVENT",
                     eventName: "chainChanged",
                     data: chainId,
-        }).catch(() => {});
+                },
+                () => {
+                    if (runtime.lastError) {
+                        // expected for tabs without our content script
                     }
+                },
+            );
+        }
+    });
 }
 
 // Broadcast accountsChanged to all tabs, respecting per-address permissions
@@ -734,21 +804,18 @@ async function broadcastAccountsChanged() {
                 : { approved: false, remember: false };
         if (!settleApproval(id, rejection)) continue;
         if (approval.windowId) {
-            // Rejects when the window has already gone, which is a race the
-            // user wins routinely by closing it themselves.
-            windowsRemove(approval.windowId).catch(() => {});
+            windowsApi.remove(approval.windowId, () => {
+                if (runtime.lastError) {
+                    // window already closed
+                }
+            });
         }
     }
     resetPopupUrl();
     const s = await getState();
     const activeAddress = await getActiveAddress();
     const allowed = activeAddress ? s.allowedSites[activeAddress] || [] : [];
-    let tabs;
-    try {
-        tabs = await tabsQuery({});
-    } catch {
-        return;
-    }
+    tabsApi.query({}, (tabs) => {
         for (const tab of tabs) {
             const origin = tab.url ? new URL(tab.url).origin : "";
             const hostname = extractHostname(origin);
@@ -756,14 +823,22 @@ async function broadcastAccountsChanged() {
                 activeAddress &&
                 (allowed.includes(hostname) ||
                     connectedSites[origin + ":" + activeAddress]);
-        // Same as chainChanged above: a tab without our content script
-        // rejects, and that is expected rather than a fault.
-        tabsSendMessage(tab.id, {
+            tabsApi.sendMessage(
+                tab.id,
+                {
                     type: "AUTISTMASK_EVENT",
                     eventName: "accountsChanged",
                     data: hasPermission ? [activeAddress] : [],
-        }).catch(() => {});
+                },
+                () => {
+                    // Ignore errors for tabs without content script
+                    if (runtime.lastError) {
+                        // expected for tabs without our content script
                     }
+                },
+            );
+        }
+    });
 }
 
 // Background balance refresh: every 60 seconds when the popup isn't open.
@@ -856,8 +931,8 @@ startBackgroundJobs();
 // window is an ordinary event with an attempt already in flight behind it.
 // settleApproval() refuses those, which leaves the attempt to report its real
 // outcome to the page.
-if (windowsNs && windowsNs.onRemoved) {
-    windowsNs.onRemoved.addListener((windowId) => {
+if (windowsApi && windowsApi.onRemoved) {
+    windowsApi.onRemoved.addListener((windowId) => {
         for (const [id, approval] of Object.entries(pendingApprovals)) {
             if (approval.windowId !== windowId) continue;
             const rejection =
@@ -983,7 +1058,7 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
             sendResponse({
                 error: outcome.error,
                 retryable: outcome.retryable,
-                stage: TX_STAGE_SIGN,
+                stage: outcome.stage,
             });
             return false;
         }
@@ -1043,7 +1118,28 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
                 sendResponse({
                     error: outcome.error,
                     retryable: outcome.retryable,
-                    stage: TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
+                    stage: outcome.stage,
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // A nonce this worker has already broadcast for this address. The
+            // node is not asked: it has answered once already, and the wallet
+            // holding the receipt of that answer is what makes this failure
+            // one the user can be told did not reach the network.
+            const nonce = approvedNonce(approval.approvedTx);
+            const spent = broadcastNoncesFor(approval.approvedFrom);
+            if (nonce !== null && spent.has(nonce)) {
+                const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_NONCE, null);
+                settleApproval(
+                    msg.id,
+                    { error: { message: outcome.error } },
+                    { holdsClaim: true },
+                );
+                sendResponse({
+                    error: outcome.error,
+                    retryable: outcome.retryable,
+                    stage: outcome.stage,
                 });
                 return;
             }
@@ -1051,6 +1147,7 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
             try {
                 const provider = getProvider(state.rpcUrl);
                 const tx = await provider.broadcastTransaction(msg.rawSignedTx);
+                if (nonce !== null) spent.add(nonce);
                 settleApproval(
                     msg.id,
                     { txHash: tx.hash },
@@ -1063,6 +1160,11 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
                 // tell a transaction that never left from one already in the
                 // mempool. The page has been given its outcome for this
                 // request; a second attempt would report a second one.
+                //
+                // Unless the node blamed the nonce, which is the one answer
+                // that says plainly it did not take the transaction:
+                // describeTxFailure() reclassifies that, and the stage it
+                // returns is the one reported.
                 const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST, e);
                 settleApproval(
                     msg.id,
@@ -1072,7 +1174,7 @@ runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg, sender, sendResponse) => {
                 sendResponse({
                     error: outcome.error,
                     retryable: outcome.retryable,
-                    stage: TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
+                    stage: outcome.stage,
                 });
             }
         })();

src/content/index.js

@@ -1,20 +1,12 @@
 // AutistMask content script — bridges between inpage (window.ethereum)
 // and the background service worker via extension messaging.
 
-const {
-    hasBrowserNamespace,
-    runtimeApi,
-    sendMessage,
-    storageGet,
-    storageSet,
-} = require("../shared/browserApi");
-
 // In Chrome (MV3), inpage.js runs as a MAIN-world content script declared
 // in the manifest, so no injection is needed here.  In Firefox (MV2), the
 // "world" key is not supported, so we inject via a <script> tag.
-if (hasBrowserNamespace()) {
+if (typeof browser !== "undefined") {
     const script = document.createElement("script");
-    script.src = runtimeApi().getURL("src/content/inpage.js");
+    script.src = browser.runtime.getURL("src/content/inpage.js");
     script.onload = function () {
         this.remove();
     };
@@ -22,27 +14,23 @@ if (hasBrowserNamespace()) {
 }
 
 // Send the persisted EIP-6963 provider UUID to the inpage script.
-// Generated once at install time and stored in extension storage.
-(async function sendProviderUuid() {
-    let uuid = null;
-    try {
-        const items = await storageGet("eip6963Uuid");
-        uuid = items?.eip6963Uuid;
+// Generated once at install time and stored in chrome.storage.local.
+(function sendProviderUuid() {
+    const storage =
+        typeof browser !== "undefined"
+            ? browser.storage.local
+            : chrome.storage.local;
+    storage.get("eip6963Uuid", (items) => {
+        let uuid = items?.eip6963Uuid;
         if (!uuid) {
             uuid = crypto.randomUUID();
-            await storageSet({ eip6963Uuid: uuid });
-        }
-    } catch {
-        // Storage was unavailable or refused the write. The announcement
-        // still has to go out — a provider that never announces is invisible
-        // to every EIP-6963 dApp — so it goes under a fresh uuid that this
-        // page load will not outlive.
-        if (!uuid) uuid = crypto.randomUUID();
+            storage.set({ eip6963Uuid: uuid });
         }
         window.postMessage(
             { type: "AUTISTMASK_PROVIDER_UUID", uuid },
             location.origin,
         );
+    });
 })();
 
 // Relay requests from the page to the background script
@@ -51,31 +39,27 @@ window.addEventListener("message", (event) => {
     if (event.data?.type !== "AUTISTMASK_REQUEST") return;
     const { id, method, params } = event.data;
 
-    sendMessage({
-        type: "AUTISTMASK_RPC",
-        id,
-        method,
-        params,
-        origin: location.origin,
-    })
-        .then((response) => {
+    const runtime =
+        typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.runtime : chrome.runtime;
+
+    runtime.sendMessage(
+        { type: "AUTISTMASK_RPC", id, method, params, origin: location.origin },
+        (response) => {
             if (response) {
                 window.postMessage(
                     { type: "AUTISTMASK_RESPONSE", id, ...response },
                     "*",
                 );
             }
-        })
-        .catch(() => {
-            // No receiver: the background context is gone. The page's promise
-            // stays pending, which is what it did before this was a promise
-            // at all; turning it into a rejection here is a change to what
-            // dApps see and belongs to its own issue.
-        });
+        },
+    );
 });
 
 // Listen for events pushed from the background (e.g. accountsChanged)
-runtimeApi().onMessage.addListener((msg) => {
+const runtime =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.runtime : chrome.runtime;
+
+runtime.onMessage.addListener((msg) => {
     if (msg.type === "AUTISTMASK_EVENT") {
         window.postMessage(
             {

src/popup/views/approval.js

@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ const { walletDefect } = require("../../shared/walletDefects");
 const { describeSigningFailure } = require("../../shared/approvalVerify");
 const txStatus = require("./txStatus");
 const uniswap = require("../../shared/uniswap");
-const { notify, runtimeApi, sendMessage } = require("../../shared/browserApi");
+const runtime =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.runtime : chrome.runtime;
 
 const erc20Iface = new Interface(ERC20_ABI);
 
@@ -438,20 +439,10 @@ function showSignApproval(details) {
     );
 }
 
-// Awaited by nobody: the popup entry point calls this and moves on. It
-// therefore has to absorb its own failure, and a background that cannot
-// describe the approval is the same outcome as an approval that is gone.
-async function show(id) {
+function show(id) {
     approvalId = id;
-    runtimeApi().connect({ name: "approval:" + id });
-
-    let details = null;
-    try {
-        details = await sendMessage({ type: "AUTISTMASK_GET_APPROVAL", id });
-    } catch {
-        details = null;
-    }
-
+    runtime.connect({ name: "approval:" + id });
+    runtime.sendMessage({ type: "AUTISTMASK_GET_APPROVAL", id }, (details) => {
         if (!details) {
             window.close();
             return;
@@ -470,9 +461,12 @@ async function show(id) {
             details.isPhishingDomain,
         );
         $("approve-hostname").textContent = details.hostname;
-    $("approve-address").innerHTML = approvalAddressHtml(state.activeAddress);
+        $("approve-address").innerHTML = approvalAddressHtml(
+            state.activeAddress,
+        );
         attachCopyHandlers("view-approve-site");
         $("approve-remember").checked = state.rememberSiteChoice;
+    });
 }
 
 let approvalId = null;
@@ -554,7 +548,7 @@ function init(ctx) {
 
     $("btn-approve").addEventListener("click", () => {
         const remember = $("approve-remember").checked;
-        notify({
+        runtime.sendMessage({
             type: "AUTISTMASK_APPROVAL_RESPONSE",
             id: approvalId,
             approved: true,
@@ -565,7 +559,7 @@ function init(ctx) {
 
     $("btn-reject").addEventListener("click", () => {
         const remember = $("approve-remember").checked;
-        notify({
+        runtime.sendMessage({
             type: "AUTISTMASK_APPROVAL_RESPONSE",
             id: approvalId,
             approved: false,
@@ -654,16 +648,7 @@ function init(ctx) {
             decryptedSecret = null;
         }
 
-        // A send that never reaches the background is reported to the user
-        // the same way a background that refused it is: describeSigningFailure
-        // turns a null response into the generic message below.
-        let response = null;
-        try {
-            response = await sendMessage(payload);
-        } catch {
-            response = null;
-        }
-
+        runtime.sendMessage(payload, (response) => {
             if (response && response.txHash) {
                 txStatus.showWait(pendingTxDetails, response.txHash);
                 return;
@@ -682,9 +667,10 @@ function init(ctx) {
                 txStatus.showError(pendingTxDetails, null, outcome.message);
             }
         });
+    });
 
     $("btn-reject-tx").addEventListener("click", () => {
-        notify({
+        runtime.sendMessage({
             type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
             id: approvalId,
             approved: false,
@@ -778,13 +764,7 @@ function init(ctx) {
             decryptedSecret = null;
         }
 
-        let response = null;
-        try {
-            response = await sendMessage(payload);
-        } catch {
-            response = null;
-        }
-
+        runtime.sendMessage(payload, (response) => {
             if (response && response.signature) {
                 window.close();
                 return;
@@ -800,9 +780,10 @@ function init(ctx) {
             showError("approve-sign-error", outcome.message);
             if (outcome.retryable) setSignButtonBusy(false);
         });
+    });
 
     $("btn-reject-sign").addEventListener("click", () => {
-        notify({
+        runtime.sendMessage({
             type: "AUTISTMASK_SIGN_RESPONSE",
             id: approvalId,
             approved: false,

src/popup/views/home.js

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ const {
     pushCurrentView,
 } = require("./helpers");
 const { state, saveState, currentAddress } = require("../../shared/state");
-const { notify } = require("../../shared/browserApi");
 const {
     updateSendBalance,
     renderSendTokenSelect,
@@ -294,7 +293,11 @@ function render(ctx) {
                 state.activeAddress = addr;
                 await saveState();
                 render(ctx);
-                notify({ type: "AUTISTMASK_ACTIVE_CHANGED" });
+                const runtime =
+                    typeof browser !== "undefined"
+                        ? browser.runtime
+                        : chrome.runtime;
+                runtime.sendMessage({ type: "AUTISTMASK_ACTIVE_CHANGED" });
             }
         });
     });

src/popup/views/settings.js

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ const {
     GITEA_COMMIT_URL,
 } = require("../../shared/buildInfo");
 
-const { notify } = require("../../shared/browserApi");
+const runtime =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.runtime : chrome.runtime;
 
 let versionClickCount = 0;
 let versionClickTimer = null;
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ function renderSiteList(containerId, siteMap, stateKey) {
                 }
             }
             await saveState();
-            notify({ type: "AUTISTMASK_REMOVE_SITE" });
+            runtime.sendMessage({ type: "AUTISTMASK_REMOVE_SITE" });
             renderSiteList(containerId, state[key], key);
         });
     });

src/shared/alarms.js

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 // be bypassed on the scheduled tick — see backgroundRefresh() in
 // src/background/index.js and updatePhishingList() in shared/phishingDomains.js.
 
-const { alarmsApi } = require("./browserApi");
-
 const BALANCE_REFRESH_ALARM = "autistmask-balance-refresh";
 const PHISHING_REFRESH_ALARM = "autistmask-phishing-refresh";
 
@@ -28,10 +26,14 @@ const MIN_ALARM_PERIOD_MINUTES = 1;
 const BALANCE_REFRESH_PERIOD_MINUTES = 1;
 const PHISHING_REFRESH_PERIOD_MINUTES = 24 * 60;
 
-// alarmsApi() resolves on use rather than at module load: the worker is torn
+// Resolved on use rather than captured at module load: the worker is torn
 // down and re-evaluated repeatedly, and tests install a stub after requiring
-// this module. It returns null where the API is absent, which is why every
-// entry point below degrades instead of throwing.
+// the module.
+function alarmsApi() {
+    if (typeof browser !== "undefined" && browser.alarms) return browser.alarms;
+    if (typeof chrome !== "undefined" && chrome.alarms) return chrome.alarms;
+    return null;
+}
 
 /**
  * Create an alarm unless one with the requested period already exists.

src/shared/approvalVerify.js

@@ -602,6 +602,12 @@ const TX_STAGE_BROADCAST = "broadcast";
 // may yet succeed, so the one thing the popup must not say is "start again
 // from the site".
 const TX_STAGE_INFLIGHT = "inflight";
+// A transaction refused for a nonce that is already spoken for, either by the
+// node's own answer or by this wallet's record of what it has broadcast. It is
+// the one broadcast-stage failure that is not ambiguous: the transaction was
+// not taken, so the user is told it did not reach the network and to send it
+// again, rather than being warned that it might already be out there.
+const TX_STAGE_NONCE = "nonce";
 
 function errorText(err) {
     if (typeof err === "string" && err !== "") return err;
@@ -611,6 +617,59 @@ function errorText(err) {
     return "The transaction could not be sent.";
 }
 
+// Every string a failure might carry its reason in. ethers reports the node's
+// own words in `shortMessage`, but a JSON-RPC error it could not classify is
+// nested under `error` or `info.error` with the node's message intact, and the
+// classification below has to see that too.
+function failureTexts(err) {
+    if (typeof err === "string") return [err];
+    if (!err || typeof err !== "object") return [];
+    const texts = [];
+    for (const text of [err.shortMessage, err.message, err.reason]) {
+        if (text) texts.push(String(text));
+    }
+    const nested = err.error || (err.info && err.info.error);
+    if (nested && nested.message) texts.push(String(nested.message));
+    return texts;
+}
+
+// What the Ethereum clients say when a transaction's nonce is already spoken
+// for: either it is below the account's next nonce, or another transaction is
+// sitting in the pool at that nonce and this one did not outbid it. Either way
+// the node answered, and its answer was that it did not take this transaction.
+//
+// "already known" is deliberately absent. A node that says it knows the
+// transaction has it, so that transaction did reach the network and the
+// ambiguous broadcast wording is the correct one for it.
+const NONCE_COLLISION_PATTERNS = [
+    /nonce too low/i,
+    /nonce has already been used/i,
+    /invalid nonce/i,
+    /oldnonce/i,
+    /replacement transaction underpriced/i,
+    /replacement fee too low/i,
+];
+
+// ethers' own classification of the same two conditions.
+const NONCE_COLLISION_CODES = ["NONCE_EXPIRED", "REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED"];
+
+// Whether a failed send is a nonce collision.
+function isNonceCollision(err) {
+    if (!err) return false;
+    if (err.code && NONCE_COLLISION_CODES.includes(err.code)) return true;
+    return failureTexts(err).some((text) =>
+        NONCE_COLLISION_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(text)),
+    );
+}
+
+// What both the requesting page and the popup are told about a nonce
+// collision. The node's own words ("nonce too low") are a fragment and are
+// replaced rather than passed through: they are not a sentence, and they say
+// less than the wallet knows.
+const NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE =
+    "The transaction was not sent, because its nonce had already been used" +
+    " by another transaction.";
+
 // What the background does with a pending transaction approval after a failed
 // attempt: what it tells the popup, and whether the approval is spent
 // (resolved to the requesting page as an error and deleted) or left standing
@@ -627,12 +686,31 @@ function errorText(err) {
 //    that never left from one that is already in the mempool. The approval is
 //    spent and the requesting page has been given its outcome; a second
 //    attempt against it would report a second outcome for one request.
+//  - nonce: terminal too, and the one case where the wallet does know the
+//    transaction never left. The approval carries a nonce that is spent, so
+//    the artifact signed against it can never be accepted and the user is told
+//    to send it again from the site.
+//
+// The stage comes back out because a broadcast failure the node blamed on the
+// nonce is reclassified here; the caller reports the stage this returns rather
+// than the one it passed in.
 function describeTxFailure(stage, err) {
+    if (
+        stage === TX_STAGE_NONCE ||
+        (stage === TX_STAGE_BROADCAST && isNonceCollision(err))
+    ) {
+        return {
+            error: NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE,
+            retryable: false,
+            spendApproval: true,
+            stage: TX_STAGE_NONCE,
+        };
+    }
     const error = errorText(err);
     const retryable =
         stage === TX_STAGE_SIGN ||
         (stage === TX_STAGE_VERIFY && failureIsRetryable(err));
-    return { error, retryable, spendApproval: !retryable };
+    return { error, retryable, spendApproval: !retryable, stage };
 }
 
 // What the popup shows and does after the background reports a failed signing
@@ -642,14 +720,20 @@ function describeTxFailure(stage, err) {
 //
 // A failed broadcast gets its own wording: the transaction may already be on
 // the network, so telling the user to start again from the site is exactly the
-// wrong instruction.
+// wrong instruction. A nonce collision is the exception to that exception —
+// the transaction demonstrably did not go out, and saying it might have would
+// send the user hunting for a transaction that does not exist.
 function describeSigningFailure(response, fallbackMessage) {
     let message = (response && response.error) || fallbackMessage;
     if (!/[.!?]$/.test(message)) message += ".";
     const retryable = !!(response && response.retryable);
     const stage = response && response.stage;
     if (!retryable) {
-        if (stage === TX_STAGE_BROADCAST) {
+        if (stage === TX_STAGE_NONCE) {
+            message +=
+                " The transaction did not reach the network." +
+                " Please send it again from the site.";
+        } else if (stage === TX_STAGE_BROADCAST) {
             message +=
                 " The transaction may still have reached the network." +
                 " Check the account before sending it again.";
@@ -675,9 +759,11 @@ module.exports = {
     assertWithinCeilings,
     sameAddress,
     failureIsRetryable,
+    isNonceCollision,
     describeTxFailure,
     describeSigningFailure,
     ApprovalMismatchError,
+    NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE,
     ALLOWED_TX_TYPES,
     SERIALIZED_FIELDS,
     FORBIDDEN_FIELDS,
@@ -686,6 +772,7 @@ module.exports = {
     TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
     TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
     TX_STAGE_INFLIGHT,
+    TX_STAGE_NONCE,
     MAX_GAS_LIMIT,
     MAX_FEE_PER_GAS,
 };

src/shared/browserApi.js

@@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
-// The one place in this tree that names `browser` or `chrome`.
-//
-// The two targets do not agree on either the namespace or the call shape.
-// Chrome MV3 exposes `chrome.*`, where tabs, windows and messaging take a
-// trailing callback and report failure through the global
-// `chrome.runtime.lastError`. Firefox MV2 exposes `browser.*`, where those
-// same methods return promises and take no callback at all — a function
-// passed where an options argument is expected is simply never invoked, so
-// the call looks like it succeeded and silently never completes. Resolving
-// the namespace with a ternary and then calling it Chrome-style, which is
-// what this codebase used to do, is broken on Firefox in exactly that way:
-// see https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/153.
-//
-// The strategy is promises out, everywhere. Callers `await`; nothing outside
-// this file has to know which browser it is running on.
-//
-// Two deliberate asymmetries, because they are what the browsers actually do
-// rather than what a uniform-looking shim would pretend:
-//
-//  - Storage is called in its PROMISE form on both namespaces.
-//    `chrome.storage.local.get()` returns a promise on MV3 and the popup
-//    already depends on that — src/shared/state.js has always awaited it, and
-//    that is precisely why the Firefox popup flows work today while
-//    everything in the issue above does not. Wrapping it in a callback here
-//    would be a change, not a fix.
-//  - notify() sends without a callback. It is for a message whose answer
-//    nobody reads; appending a callback would only manufacture a
-//    lastError/rejection for a receiver that was never expected to reply.
-//
-// Everything is resolved on use rather than captured at module load. The MV3
-// service worker is torn down and re-evaluated repeatedly, and the unit
-// suite installs its stubs on `global.chrome` around a require().
-
-// The extension API namespace, preferring `browser.*` where it exists.
-//
-// Whole-namespace, never per-method: mixing `browser.tabs` with
-// `chrome.windows` would also mix promise and callback semantics inside a
-// single call path, which is the bug this module exists to remove.
-function extensionApi() {
-    if (typeof browser !== "undefined" && browser) return browser;
-    if (typeof chrome !== "undefined" && chrome) return chrome;
-    return null;
-}
-
-// True when the resolved namespace is the promise-flavoured one.
-//
-// It doubles as "this is the Gecko/MV2 build", which is a second question
-// with the same answer and one real caller: src/content/index.js has to
-// inject the inpage provider itself there, because MV2 has no
-// `"world": "MAIN"` for a manifest-declared content script.
-function hasBrowserNamespace() {
-    return typeof browser !== "undefined" && !!browser;
-}
-
-function namespaceMember(name) {
-    const api = extensionApi();
-    return (api && api[name]) || null;
-}
-
-function runtimeApi() {
-    return namespaceMember("runtime");
-}
-
-function tabsApi() {
-    return namespaceMember("tabs");
-}
-
-function windowsApi() {
-    return namespaceMember("windows");
-}
-
-function alarmsApi() {
-    return namespaceMember("alarms");
-}
-
-// The toolbar button. MV3 calls it `action`, MV2 calls it `browserAction`.
-function actionApi() {
-    const api = extensionApi();
-    if (!api) return null;
-    return api.action || api.browserAction || null;
-}
-
-// `storage.local`, or null in a context that has no storage permission. Null
-// rather than a throw because two callers degrade rather than fail on it.
-function storageLocal() {
-    const storage = namespaceMember("storage");
-    return (storage && storage.local) || null;
-}
-
-// The Chrome-only error channel. Never populated for a `browser.*` call,
-// which is why the checks that used to guard callbacks in the background are
-// gone: on this side it becomes a rejection, and on the other side there was
-// never anything to read.
-function lastError() {
-    const runtime = runtimeApi();
-    return (runtime && runtime.lastError) || null;
-}
-
-// Call `owner[method](...args)` and return a promise for its result.
-//
-// On the promise namespace the method already returns one. On the callback
-// namespace the callback is appended here and lastError becomes a rejection,
-// because a caller holding a promise has nowhere to check a global flag.
-function invoke(owner, method, ...args) {
-    if (!owner || typeof owner[method] !== "function") {
-        return Promise.reject(
-            new Error(
-                "extension API " +
-                    method +
-                    "() is not available in this context",
-            ),
-        );
-    }
-    if (hasBrowserNamespace()) {
-        try {
-            return Promise.resolve(owner[method](...args));
-        } catch (e) {
-            return Promise.reject(e);
-        }
-    }
-    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        owner[method](...args, (result) => {
-            const err = lastError();
-            if (err) reject(new Error(err.message || String(err)));
-            else resolve(result);
-        });
-    });
-}
-
-/**
- * Send a message to the extension's own contexts and resolve with the reply.
- *
- * Rejects when nothing is listening, on both browsers. A caller that does not
- * care must say so — see notify().
- *
- * @param {Object} message
- * @returns {Promise<*>} the receiver's response.
- */
-function sendMessage(message) {
-    return invoke(runtimeApi(), "sendMessage", message);
-}
-
-/**
- * Send a message nobody is expected to answer, and swallow the fact that
- * nobody did.
- *
- * @param {Object} message
- * @returns {void}
- */
-function notify(message) {
-    const runtime = runtimeApi();
-    if (!runtime || typeof runtime.sendMessage !== "function") return;
-    const result = runtime.sendMessage(message);
-    // MV3 hands back a promise for a one-argument send, and it rejects when
-    // the background is not listening. Unhandled, that surfaces as an error
-    // the e2e suites fail the run on.
-    if (result && typeof result.catch === "function") result.catch(() => {});
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {string|string[]|Object} keys
- * @returns {Promise<Object>} the stored items, or {} where storage is absent.
- */
-function storageGet(keys) {
-    const storage = storageLocal();
-    if (!storage) return Promise.resolve({});
-    return Promise.resolve(storage.get(keys));
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {Object} items
- * @returns {Promise<void>}
- */
-function storageSet(items) {
-    const storage = storageLocal();
-    if (!storage) return Promise.resolve();
-    return Promise.resolve(storage.set(items));
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {Object} queryInfo
- * @returns {Promise<Array>} the matching tabs.
- */
-function tabsQuery(queryInfo) {
-    return invoke(tabsApi(), "query", queryInfo);
-}
-
-/**
- * Send a message to one tab's content script.
- *
- * Rejects for a tab that has no receiver, which is most of them. That
- * rejection is the promise-shaped replacement for the runtime.lastError
- * checks the broadcast helpers used to make, and callers ignore it the same
- * way.
- *
- * @param {number} tabId
- * @param {Object} message
- * @returns {Promise<*>}
- */
-function tabsSendMessage(tabId, message) {
-    return invoke(tabsApi(), "sendMessage", tabId, message);
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {Object} createData
- * @returns {Promise<Object>} the created window.
- */
-function windowsCreate(createData) {
-    return invoke(windowsApi(), "create", createData);
-}
-
-/**
- * @returns {Promise<Object>} the last focused window.
- */
-function windowsGetLastFocused() {
-    return invoke(windowsApi(), "getLastFocused");
-}
-
-/**
- * @param {number} windowId
- * @returns {Promise<void>}
- */
-function windowsRemove(windowId) {
-    return invoke(windowsApi(), "remove", windowId);
-}
-
-module.exports = {
-    actionApi,
-    alarmsApi,
-    extensionApi,
-    hasBrowserNamespace,
-    notify,
-    runtimeApi,
-    sendMessage,
-    storageGet,
-    storageLocal,
-    storageSet,
-    tabsApi,
-    tabsQuery,
-    tabsSendMessage,
-    windowsApi,
-    windowsCreate,
-    windowsGetLastFocused,
-    windowsRemove,
-};

src/shared/phishingDomains.js

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 // its own refresh — see updatePhishingList().
 
 const vendoredConfig = require("./phishingBlocklist.json");
-const { storageLocal } = require("./browserApi");
 
 const BLOCKLIST_URL =
     "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MetaMask/eth-phishing-detect/main/src/config.json";
@@ -47,10 +46,18 @@ let lastAttemptTime = 0;
 let fetchPromise = null;
 let loadPromise = null;
 
-// storageLocal() resolves on use rather than at module load, so a test can
-// install a stub after requiring this module, and it returns null where the
-// API is absent — which is why the popup, with no reason to touch the delta,
-// loads fine without it.
+// Resolved on use rather than captured at module load, so a test can install
+// a stub after requiring the module and so the popup — which has no reason to
+// touch the delta — does not fail to load where the API is absent.
+function storageApi() {
+    if (typeof browser !== "undefined" && browser.storage) {
+        return browser.storage.local;
+    }
+    if (typeof chrome !== "undefined" && chrome.storage) {
+        return chrome.storage.local;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
 
 /**
  * Sanitise a timestamp read back from storage.
@@ -79,7 +86,7 @@ function sanitizeTimestamp(value) {
  * @returns {Promise<void>}
  */
 async function loadDeltaFromStorage() {
-    const storage = storageLocal();
+    const storage = storageApi();
     if (!storage) return;
     try {
         const result = await storage.get(DELTA_STORAGE_KEY);
@@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ function ensureDeltaLoaded() {
  * @returns {Promise<void>}
  */
 async function saveDeltaToStorage() {
-    const storage = storageLocal();
+    const storage = storageApi();
     if (!storage) return;
     try {
         const data = {

src/shared/state.js

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ const { networkById } = require("./networks");
 // Dependency-free constant module; safe to pull into a background bundle.
 const { RESTORABLE_VIEWS } = require("../popup/restorableViews");
 
-const { storageGet, storageSet } = require("./browserApi");
+const storageApi =
+    typeof browser !== "undefined"
+        ? browser.storage.local
+        : chrome.storage.local;
 
 const DEFAULT_STATE = {
     hasWallet: false,
@@ -111,11 +114,11 @@ async function saveState() {
         viewData: state.viewData,
         viewStack: state.viewStack,
     };
-    await storageSet({ autistmask: persisted });
+    await storageApi.set({ autistmask: persisted });
 }
 
 async function loadState() {
-    const result = await storageGet("autistmask");
+    const result = await storageApi.get("autistmask");
     if (result.autistmask) {
         const saved = result.autistmask;
         state.wallets = saved.wallets || [];

src/shared/walletDelete.js

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Wallet and address deletion state transitions, kept out of the views so the
 // selection and broadcast rules are testable without a DOM.
 
-const { notify } = require("./browserApi");
-
 // Two records of the same address can be stored in different cases, so
 // address equality is never a literal string comparison.
 function sameAddress(a, b) {
@@ -146,7 +144,9 @@ function removeAddressFromState(state, walletIdx, addrIdx) {
 // accountsChanged to connected sites. Same call shape as the address
 // switch in the home view.
 function broadcastActiveChanged() {
-    notify({ type: "AUTISTMASK_ACTIVE_CHANGED" });
+    const runtime =
+        typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser.runtime : chrome.runtime;
+    runtime.sendMessage({ type: "AUTISTMASK_ACTIVE_CHANGED" });
 }
 
 module.exports = {

tests/approvalVerify.test.js

@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ const {
     assertWithinCeilings,
     sameAddress,
     failureIsRetryable,
+    isNonceCollision,
     describeTxFailure,
     describeSigningFailure,
+    NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE,
     ALLOWED_TX_TYPES,
     SERIALIZED_FIELDS,
     FORBIDDEN_FIELDS,
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ const {
     TX_STAGE_SIGN,
     TX_STAGE_VERIFY,
     TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
+    TX_STAGE_NONCE,
     MAX_GAS_LIMIT,
     MAX_FEE_PER_GAS,
 } = require("../src/shared/approvalVerify");
@@ -1191,7 +1194,6 @@ describe("signing failure and retry", () => {
             "already known",
             "timeout of 30000ms exceeded",
             "could not coalesce error",
-            "replacement transaction underpriced",
         ]) {
             const outcome = describeTxFailure(
                 TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
@@ -1199,10 +1201,76 @@ describe("signing failure and retry", () => {
             );
             expect(outcome.retryable).toBe(false);
             expect(outcome.spendApproval).toBe(true);
+            expect(outcome.stage).toBe(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST);
             expect(outcome.error).toBe(message);
         }
     });
 
+    // The one broadcast failure that is not ambiguous. The node answered, and
+    // its answer was that the nonce was already spoken for, so this
+    // transaction is not in a mempool anywhere.
+    test("a nonce the node refused is classified however it was worded", () => {
+        for (const err of [
+            new Error("nonce too low"),
+            new Error("replacement transaction underpriced"),
+            Object.assign(new Error("could not coalesce error"), {
+                code: "NONCE_EXPIRED",
+            }),
+            Object.assign(new Error("could not coalesce error"), {
+                code: "REPLACEMENT_UNDERPRICED",
+            }),
+            // The shape ethers hands up when it could not classify the node's
+            // error itself: the node's own words are nested underneath.
+            Object.assign(new Error("could not coalesce error"), {
+                info: { error: { code: -32000, message: "OldNonce" } },
+            }),
+        ]) {
+            const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST, err);
+            expect(
+                describeSigningFailure(
+                    outcome,
+                    "The transaction could not be sent.",
+                ).message,
+            ).toMatch(/did not reach the network/);
+            expect(outcome.retryable).toBe(false);
+            expect(outcome.spendApproval).toBe(true);
+            expect(outcome.error).toBe(NONCE_COLLISION_MESSAGE);
+            expect(outcome.stage).toBe(TX_STAGE_NONCE);
+            expect(isNonceCollision(err)).toBe(true);
+        }
+    });
+
+    // A node that says it knows the transaction has it, so it did reach the
+    // network and the ambiguous wording is the correct one.
+    test("already known is not a nonce collision", () => {
+        const err = new Error("already known");
+        const outcome = describeTxFailure(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST, err);
+        expect(
+            describeSigningFailure(
+                outcome,
+                "The transaction could not be sent.",
+            ).message,
+        ).toMatch(/may still have reached the network/);
+        expect(outcome.stage).toBe(TX_STAGE_BROADCAST);
+        expect(isNonceCollision(err)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    test("a nonce collision says the transaction did not reach the network", () => {
+        const outcome = describeTxFailure(
+            TX_STAGE_BROADCAST,
+            new Error("nonce too low"),
+        );
+        const copy = describeSigningFailure(
+            outcome,
+            "The transaction could not be sent.",
+        );
+        expect(copy.retryable).toBe(false);
+        expect(copy.message).toMatch(/did not reach the network/);
+        expect(copy.message).not.toMatch(/may still have reached the network/);
+        expect(copy.message).toMatch(/Please send it again from the site\.$/);
+        expect(copy.message).toMatch(/^[A-Z].*\.$/);
+    });
+
     test("a failed broadcast does not tell the user to send it again", () => {
         const outcome = describeSigningFailure(
             {

tests/backgroundApproval.test.js

@@ -206,6 +206,10 @@ function loadBackground(options) {
     // approval id back out of the popup URL the background opened.
     function requestTx(txParams) {
         let rpcResult = null;
+        // The window this request opens, if it opens one. A request refused
+        // before an approval is raised opens none, and the window belonging to
+        // some other request must not be handed back as this one's.
+        const windowIndex = created.length;
         const sendResponse = jest.fn((r) => {
             rpcResult = r;
         });
@@ -219,7 +223,12 @@ function loadBackground(options) {
             sendResponse,
         );
         return {
-            id: () => new URL(created[0].url).searchParams.get("approval"),
+            id: () =>
+                created.length > windowIndex
+                    ? new URL(created[windowIndex].url).searchParams.get(
+                          "approval",
+                      )
+                    : null,
             result: () => rpcResult,
         };
     }
@@ -444,6 +453,176 @@ describe("one approval, one broadcast", () => {
     });
 });
 
+// Populating the transaction before the approval window opens is what makes
+// the displayed object the verified object. It also fixes the nonce before the
+// user has answered anything: two requests populated concurrently take the
+// same nonce from a node that has seen neither of them broadcast, and the
+// second can then never be sent, because the only way to give it a fresh nonce
+// is to populate it again after the user has read the old one off the screen.
+// So the second request is refused while the first is unanswered.
+describe("one transaction approval at a time", () => {
+    test("a second eth_sendTransaction while one is pending is refused before it takes a nonce", async () => {
+        const getTransactionCount = jest.fn(async () => NONCE);
+        const bg = loadBackground({ provider: { getTransactionCount } });
+
+        const first = bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+        expect(first.id()).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(getTransactionCount).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+        const second = bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+
+        expect(second.result()).toEqual({
+            error: {
+                code: -32002,
+                message: expect.stringMatching(
+                    /already waiting to be approved/,
+                ),
+            },
+        });
+        // Where the refusal happened matters as much as that it happened: no
+        // second window, and the node was never asked for a second nonce.
+        expect(bg.created).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(getTransactionCount).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+        // The refusal leaves the pending approval untouched, and it still
+        // sends.
+        bg.broadcastTransaction.mockResolvedValue({ hash: "0xfeed" });
+        bg.send(
+            {
+                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
+                id: first.id(),
+                approved: true,
+                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
+            },
+            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
+        );
+        await settle();
+        expect(first.result()).toEqual({ result: "0xfeed" });
+    });
+
+    test("an answered approval frees the next request", async () => {
+        const bg = loadBackground();
+        const first = bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+
+        // The user closes the approval window, which rejects it.
+        bg.closeWindow(1);
+        await settle();
+        expect(first.result()).toEqual({
+            error: { code: 4001, message: "User rejected the request." },
+        });
+
+        const second = bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+        expect(second.id()).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(bg.created).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    test("a signature request is not held up by a pending transaction", async () => {
+        const bg = loadBackground();
+        bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+
+        // A signature consumes no nonce, so it has nothing to collide with.
+        const signing = bg.requestSign();
+        await settle();
+        expect(signing.id()).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(signing.result()).toBeNull();
+        expect(bg.created).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+});
+
+// A nonce collision found before the transaction reaches the network is the
+// one send failure the wallet can speak about with certainty. The user is told
+// it did not go out and to send it again, rather than being warned it might
+// already be on the chain — which would send them looking for a transaction
+// that does not exist, and stop them retrying the one that never went.
+describe("a nonce collision is reported as a transaction that did not go out", () => {
+    test("a broadcast the node refused for the nonce is not reported as possibly sent", async () => {
+        const bg = loadBackground();
+        const pending = bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+
+        bg.broadcastTransaction.mockRejectedValue(
+            Object.assign(new Error("nonce too low"), {
+                code: "NONCE_EXPIRED",
+            }),
+        );
+        const answer = bg.send(
+            {
+                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
+                id: pending.id(),
+                approved: true,
+                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
+            },
+            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
+        );
+        await settle();
+
+        expect(answer.sendResponse).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+            error: expect.stringMatching(/nonce had already been used/),
+            retryable: false,
+            stage: "nonce",
+        });
+        expect(pending.result()).toEqual({
+            error: {
+                message: expect.stringMatching(
+                    /transaction was not sent, because its nonce/,
+                ),
+            },
+        });
+    });
+
+    test("a nonce this wallet already broadcast is refused without asking the node again", async () => {
+        const bg = loadBackground();
+        const first = bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+
+        bg.broadcastTransaction.mockResolvedValue({ hash: "0xfeed" });
+        bg.send(
+            {
+                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
+                id: first.id(),
+                approved: true,
+                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
+            },
+            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
+        );
+        await settle();
+        expect(first.result()).toEqual({ result: "0xfeed" });
+
+        // The stubbed node still reports NONCE as the next nonce — a pending
+        // count that lags a broadcast the node has already taken — so this
+        // second approval is populated at a nonce this worker has spent.
+        const second = bg.requestTx();
+        await settle();
+        const answer = bg.send(
+            {
+                type: "AUTISTMASK_TX_RESPONSE",
+                id: second.id(),
+                approved: true,
+                rawSignedTx: await signedAtNonce(NONCE),
+            },
+            { url: bg.fromPopup.url },
+        );
+        await settle();
+
+        expect(bg.broadcastTransaction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        expect(answer.sendResponse).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+            error: expect.stringMatching(/nonce had already been used/),
+            retryable: false,
+            stage: "nonce",
+        });
+        expect(second.result()).toEqual({
+            error: {
+                message: expect.stringMatching(/nonce had already been used/),
+            },
+        });
+    });
+});
+
 // The approval carries the transaction the user was shown and the address it
 // was raised for, and the artifact is checked against both. Every case here is
 // one the old comparison — against the dApp's request, for the address that is

tests/e2e/firefox/dapp.js

@@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
-// A loopback dApp origin and stub Ethereum node for the Firefox suite.
-//
-// The Firefox container runs with --network none, and the harness note in
-// driver.js records the consequence: with no http:// origin in reach, no
-// content script was ever injected, so content-script behaviour was
-// UNVERIFIED and the dApp flows could not be driven at all.
-//
-// --network none removes every interface except loopback, and loopback is
-// enough. This serves the page and the JSON-RPC endpoint from 127.0.0.1
-// inside the same container Firefox runs in, so the dApp round trips execute
-// against a real http:// origin and the run stays as offline as it was: the
-// only reachable peer is this process.
-//
-// The page itself is not written twice. DAPP_HTML comes from the Chrome
-// suite's fixture, so both harnesses drive the same __dapp API and the same
-// message log.
-//
-// Unlike driver.js this file does use ethers, and it has to: the node has to
-// answer eth_sendRawTransaction with the hash ethers computes for the
-// artifact it was handed, or provider.broadcastTransaction() refuses the
-// answer, and the suite recovers signatures itself rather than believing the
-// extension's own verdict.
-
-"use strict";
-
-const http = require("http");
-
-const { Transaction } = require("ethers");
-
-const { DAPP_HTML } = require("../network");
-
-// The same fee shape the Chrome suite uses, for the same reason: it has to
-// pass the ceilings in src/shared/approvalVerify.js and it has to leave the
-// reserve and the estimate distinguishable.
-const GAS_LIMIT = 21000n;
-const BASE_FEE_WEI = 100000000000n; // 100 gwei
-const PRIORITY_FEE_WEI = 1000000000n; // 1 gwei
-const GAS_PRICE_WEI = BASE_FEE_WEI + PRIORITY_FEE_WEI;
-
-const STUB_BLOCK_NUMBER = 21000000;
-
-// A 32-byte zero word, returned for every eth_call. It is what makes ethers'
-// ENS reverse lookup resolve to "no resolver set" instead of throwing, and a
-// throw there reaches the console through src/shared/log.js, which fails the
-// run on its own.
-const ZERO_WORD = "0x" + "0".repeat(64);
-
-// One ETH, so the popup's balance lines render something and the wallet does
-// not look empty on the approval screen.
-const STUB_BALANCE_WEI = 10n ** 18n;
-
-function hex(value) {
-    return "0x" + BigInt(value).toString(16);
-}
-
-function latestBlock() {
-    return {
-        hash: "0x" + "11".repeat(32),
-        parentHash: "0x" + "22".repeat(32),
-        number: hex(STUB_BLOCK_NUMBER),
-        timestamp: hex(1767326645),
-        nonce: "0x0000000000000000",
-        difficulty: "0x0",
-        gasLimit: "0x1c9c380",
-        gasUsed: "0xf4240",
-        miner: "0xc0ffee0000000000000000000000000000c0ffee",
-        extraData: "0x",
-        baseFeePerGas: hex(BASE_FEE_WEI),
-        transactions: [],
-    };
-}
-
-const RPC_RESULTS = {
-    eth_chainId: "0x1",
-    net_version: "1",
-    eth_blockNumber: hex(STUB_BLOCK_NUMBER),
-    eth_getBalance: hex(STUB_BALANCE_WEI),
-    eth_call: ZERO_WORD,
-    eth_getCode: "0x",
-    eth_gasPrice: hex(GAS_PRICE_WEI),
-    eth_estimateGas: hex(GAS_LIMIT),
-    eth_getTransactionCount: "0x0",
-    eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas: hex(PRIORITY_FEE_WEI),
-    // "accepted but not mined", which is what a node says about a transaction
-    // it has only just taken. The wait screen the approval hands off to polls
-    // this for the rest of the run.
-    eth_getTransactionReceipt: null,
-    web3_clientVersion: "autistmask-e2e-firefox/0",
-};
-
-// Answer one JSON-RPC call. `broadcast` collects every raw transaction that
-// reached this node, which is what the transaction assertions are made
-// against — the artifact as the node saw it, never as the extension described
-// it.
-function rpcResult(req, state) {
-    const method = req.method;
-
-    if (method === "eth_sendRawTransaction") {
-        const raw = req.params && req.params[0];
-        state.broadcast.push(raw);
-        // ethers checks the hash it is given against the hash it computes for
-        // the artifact it sent, so this cannot be a fixed string.
-        return Transaction.from(raw).hash;
-    }
-
-    if (method === "eth_getBlockByNumber" || method === "eth_getBlockByHash") {
-        return latestBlock();
-    }
-
-    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(RPC_RESULTS, method)) {
-        return RPC_RESULTS[method];
-    }
-
-    // Never a silent default. An unstubbed method answered with null looks
-    // like a working node returning nothing, and the assertion downstream
-    // fails somewhere unrelated.
-    state.unstubbed.push(method);
-    throw new Error("no fixture for JSON-RPC method " + method);
-}
-
-function readBody(req) {
-    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        let body = "";
-        req.on("data", (chunk) => {
-            body += chunk;
-        });
-        req.on("end", () => resolve(body));
-        req.on("error", reject);
-    });
-}
-
-function handleRpcBody(body, state) {
-    const parsed = JSON.parse(body);
-    const answer = (req) => {
-        try {
-            return {
-                jsonrpc: "2.0",
-                id: req.id,
-                result: rpcResult(req, state),
-            };
-        } catch (e) {
-            return {
-                jsonrpc: "2.0",
-                id: req.id,
-                error: { code: -32601, message: e.message },
-            };
-        }
-    };
-    return Array.isArray(parsed) ? parsed.map(answer) : answer(parsed);
-}
-
-/**
- * Serve the dApp page and the stub node on loopback.
- *
- * @returns {Promise<Object>} the running fixture: `url` and `origin` of the
- * page, `rpcUrl` for the extension's rpcUrl setting, `broadcast` (the raw
- * transactions the node received, in order), `unstubbed` (JSON-RPC methods
- * nothing answered) and `close()`.
- */
-async function startDappServer() {
-    const state = { broadcast: [], unstubbed: [], requests: [] };
-
-    const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
-        const url = new URL(req.url, "http://127.0.0.1");
-        state.requests.push(req.method + " " + url.pathname);
-
-        if (url.pathname === "/rpc" && req.method === "POST") {
-            readBody(req)
-                .then((body) => {
-                    const payload = JSON.stringify(handleRpcBody(body, state));
-                    res.writeHead(200, {
-                        "Content-Type": "application/json",
-                        // The extension fetches this from its background
-                        // page, whose origin is moz-extension://. Without CORS
-                        // the fetch fails and every transaction assertion
-                        // fails for a reason that has nothing to do with the
-                        // wallet.
-                        "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
-                    });
-                    res.end(payload);
-                })
-                .catch((e) => {
-                    res.writeHead(500, { "Content-Type": "text/plain" });
-                    res.end(String(e && e.message));
-                });
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (url.pathname === "/") {
-            res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "text/html; charset=utf-8" });
-            res.end(DAPP_HTML);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // An empty favicon rather than a 404: a 404 is a page error in
-        // Firefox's console under some settings, and the suite fails the run
-        // on those.
-        if (url.pathname === "/favicon.ico") {
-            res.writeHead(200, { "Content-Type": "image/x-icon" });
-            res.end("");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        res.writeHead(404, { "Content-Type": "text/plain" });
-        res.end("not found");
-    });
-
-    await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        server.on("error", reject);
-        // Port 0: this host runs many sessions at once, and a fixed port is a
-        // guaranteed collision rather than a possible one.
-        server.listen(0, "127.0.0.1", resolve);
-    });
-
-    const { port } = server.address();
-    const origin = "http://127.0.0.1:" + port;
-
-    return {
-        origin,
-        url: origin + "/",
-        rpcUrl: origin + "/rpc",
-        broadcast: state.broadcast,
-        unstubbed: state.unstubbed,
-        requests: state.requests,
-        close: () =>
-            new Promise((resolve) => {
-                server.closeAllConnections();
-                server.close(() => resolve());
-            }),
-    };
-}
-
-module.exports = {
-    GAS_LIMIT,
-    GAS_PRICE_WEI,
-    STUB_BALANCE_WEI,
-    startDappServer,
-};

tests/e2e/firefox/driver.js

@@ -110,26 +110,6 @@ class Driver {
             "extensions.webextensions.uuids": JSON.stringify({
                 [EXTENSION_ID]: EXTENSION_UUID,
             }),
-            // The container has loopback and nothing else. Firefox's own
-            // link-status detection can read that as "offline" and then
-            // refuse every request, including the ones to the loopback dApp
-            // origin the suite serves; this takes the decision away from it.
-            "network.manage-offline-status": false,
-            // Force the site-connection prompt down its windows.create()
-            // fallback.
-            //
-            // src/background/index.js prefers the toolbar-anchored popup for
-            // that one approval and opens a real window only when
-            // openPopup() refuses. A panel is not a top-level browsing
-            // context, so WebDriver cannot see it, list it or click in it —
-            // the same blind spot the Chrome harness documents. Leaving this
-            // at its default would make which path runs depend on whether a
-            // headless Firefox counts as having had a user gesture, which is
-            // not a thing to leave to chance in a suite that has to be able
-            // to fail. The window path is shipped code and the same approval
-            // id, so what is driven is real; what is NOT covered either way
-            // is the panel presentation itself.
-            "extensions.openPopupWithoutUserGesture.enabled": false,
         };
 
         const value = await this.send("POST", "/session", {
@@ -199,16 +179,6 @@ class Driver {
         return this.session("POST", "/execute/sync", { script, args });
     }
 
-    // The asynchronous form: the script is handed a resolve callback as its
-    // last argument and the call settles when that is invoked. Everything
-    // interesting about an extension page is promise-shaped — storage reads,
-    // the provider's own request() — and /execute/sync cannot wait for any
-    // of it.
-    async executeAsync(script, args = []) {
-        await this.setContext("content");
-        return this.session("POST", "/execute/async", { script, args });
-    }
-
     // Runs in the privileged chrome scope, where Services and Ci exist.
     async executeChrome(script, args = []) {
         await this.setContext("chrome");
@@ -359,63 +329,6 @@ class Driver {
             [selector],
         );
     }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------ windows
-    //
-    // The approval prompts this suite drives are separate top-level windows
-    // the extension opens itself, so every one of them is a window handle
-    // here and the suite has to move between them explicitly.
-
-    async windowHandles() {
-        return this.session("GET", "/window/handles");
-    }
-
-    async currentWindow() {
-        return this.session("GET", "/window");
-    }
-
-    async switchToWindow(handle) {
-        await this.setContext("content");
-        await this.session("POST", "/window", { handle });
-    }
-
-    async newWindow(type = "window") {
-        await this.setContext("content");
-        const value = await this.session("POST", "/window/new", { type });
-        return value.handle;
-    }
-
-    // Closes the current window and leaves the session on `fallback`, because
-    // a session whose current window is gone fails every subsequent command
-    // with "no such window" rather than with anything diagnosable.
-    async closeWindow(fallback) {
-        await this.setContext("content");
-        await this.session("DELETE", "/window");
-        if (fallback) await this.switchToWindow(fallback);
-    }
-
-    async url() {
-        return this.session("GET", "/url");
-    }
-
-    // The handle of the first window whose URL matches, or null. Restores the
-    // window that was current before the search either way: a probe that
-    // silently relocates the session is a trap for the step after it.
-    async findWindow(predicate) {
-        const origin = await this.currentWindow();
-        try {
-            for (const handle of await this.windowHandles()) {
-                await this.switchToWindow(handle);
-                if (predicate(await this.url())) return handle;
-            }
-            return null;
-        } finally {
-            // Tolerated: the window the search started from may have been the
-            // one that just closed, and a throw in here would replace the
-            // real result with "no such window".
-            await this.switchToWindow(origin).catch(() => {});
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------- error capture
@@ -436,15 +349,10 @@ class Driver {
 // background page, which BiDi would not have covered even if it worked.
 // Background-page capture is verified by probe — a throw at the top of
 // src/background/index.js, which kills the background page outright, fails
-// the run.
-//
-// Content scripts ARE now exercised: tests/e2e/firefox/dapp.js serves a page
-// from loopback, which survives --network none, and the suite drives the
-// EIP-1193 round trips through the content script injected into it. What is
-// still unproven is the CAPTURE, not the execution — no probe has forced a
-// throw from inside a content script and watched it fail the run, so an
-// uncaught content-script error arriving by this route remains an
-// expectation rather than a demonstrated fact. Do not claim otherwise.
+// the run. Content-script errors should arrive by the same route, but that
+// is UNVERIFIED here and must not be claimed: the container runs with
+// --network none, so there is no http:// page for a content script to be
+// injected into and this suite never exercises one.
 //
 // Warnings are excluded so the semantics match Playwright's pageerror:
 // uncaught errors only.

tests/e2e/firefox/run.js

@@ -15,15 +15,8 @@
 // UI steps below are written twice on purpose. Chrome runs on Playwright,
 // which cannot see extension-page errors in Firefox at all (see the BiDi
 // note in driver.js), so the two backends have no common substrate to
-// abstract over. Duplicated steps do not pay for a shim; revisit if this
-// suite grows to where they do. What IS shared is the dApp page fixture
-// itself — DAPP_HTML, served here from loopback by dapp.js — so an assertion
-// about the __dapp API means the same thing on both browsers.
-//
-// The dApp steps need an http:// origin, which --network none was thought to
-// rule out. It does not: loopback survives it, so the page and the stub node
-// are served from 127.0.0.1 inside the container and the run reaches nothing
-// but this process. See tests/e2e/firefox/dapp.js.
+// abstract over. Three duplicated steps do not pay for a shim; revisit if
+// this suite grows to where they do.
 //
 // LIMITATION, and the difference from the Chrome suite worth knowing: error
 // capture here is POLL-BASED, not event-streamed. The console service is
@@ -47,21 +40,7 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
 
-const {
-    Transaction,
-    formatEther,
-    getAddress,
-    getBytes,
-    hexlify,
-    parseEther,
-    toQuantity,
-    toUtf8Bytes,
-    verifyMessage,
-} = require("ethers");
-
 const { ConsoleErrors, EXTENSION_ORIGIN, start, sleep } = require("./driver");
-const { startDappServer } = require("./dapp");
-const { STUB_COUNTERPARTY } = require("../network");
 
 const REPO_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, "..", "..", "..");
 const POPUP_URL = EXTENSION_ORIGIN + "/src/popup/index.html";
@@ -158,596 +137,8 @@ step("add token screen opens from address detail", async (env) => {
     assert(picks > 0, "no common-token quick-pick buttons rendered");
 });
 
-// ------------------------------------------------- the dApp round trips
-//
-// Everything above drives the popup on its own. From here the page, the
-// content script, the inpage provider, the background page and the approval
-// window all have to work together, which on Firefox is exactly the seam
-// https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/153 is about: every one of
-// these paths used to hand a Chrome-style callback to the promise-only
-// browser.* namespace and simply never complete.
-//
-// The shape is the Chrome suite's (tests/e2e/run.js, the #183 section) and
-// the assertions mean the same things:
-//
-//  - the signature is recovered here, in the runner, from the artifact the
-//    extension produced, and compared against the address read out of
-//    extension storage. The background verifies too; these assertions do not
-//    lean on that, because a test that trusted the wallet's own verdict would
-//    pass against a wallet that verified nothing.
-//  - the transaction is asserted against the raw signed transaction that
-//    reached the stub node, not against anything the extension reported.
-//
-// What this does NOT cover: a real dApp with real funds against a real
-// network. The node is a fixture on loopback.
-
-const SIGN_TEXT = "AutistMask e2e round trip: personal_sign";
-const SIGN_HEX = hexlify(toUtf8Bytes(SIGN_TEXT));
-
-const TX_VALUE_ETH = "0.0123";
-const TX_VALUE_WEI = parseEther(TX_VALUE_ETH);
-// Call data that decodes as nothing, so the screen assertion compares the
-// calldata itself rather than a decoder's summary of it.
-const TX_DATA = "0xdeadbeef" + "01".repeat(28);
-
-const USER_REJECTION_MESSAGE = "User rejected the request.";
-
-// Read the extension's persisted state, point its rpcUrl at the loopback stub
-// node, and hand back the active address. Runs on the popup page, which is
-// the one moz-extension:// document the suite has open and therefore the only
-// place the storage API is reachable from.
-async function pointAtStubNode(d, rpcUrl) {
-    const outcome = await d.executeAsync(
-        `const done = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
-         const rpcUrl = arguments[0];
-         const api = typeof browser !== "undefined" ? browser : chrome;
-         Promise.resolve(api.storage.local.get("autistmask"))
-             .then((r) => {
-                 const s = r.autistmask;
-                 if (!s) throw new Error("the extension has no persisted state");
-                 s.rpcUrl = rpcUrl;
-                 const w = s.wallets && s.wallets[0];
-                 const first = w && w.addresses && w.addresses[0];
-                 const address = s.activeAddress || (first && first.address);
-                 if (!address) throw new Error("the extension holds no address");
-                 return Promise.resolve(api.storage.local.set({ autistmask: s }))
-                     .then(() => done({ address: address }));
-             })
-             .catch((e) => done({ error: String((e && e.message) || e) }));`,
-        [rpcUrl],
-    );
-    assert(
-        outcome && !outcome.error,
-        "could not point the extension at the stub node: " +
-            (outcome && outcome.error),
-    );
-    return getAddress(outcome.address);
-}
-
-// The approval window the background opened. Approvals are raised from an RPC
-// call rather than from a user gesture, so the extension opens a real window
-// for them, which is an ordinary window handle here.
-async function waitForApprovalWindow(d, timeout = 30000) {
-    const deadline = Date.now() + timeout;
-    for (;;) {
-        const handle = await d.findWindow((u) => u.includes("?approval="));
-        if (handle) return handle;
-        if (Date.now() > deadline) {
-            throw new Error(
-                "the extension opened no approval window within " +
-                    timeout +
-                    "ms",
-            );
-        }
-        await sleep(100);
-    }
-}
-
-function startRequest(d, key, method, params) {
-    return d.execute(
-        "window.__dapp.start(arguments[0], arguments[1], arguments[2]);" +
-            " return true;",
-        [key, method, params],
-    );
-}
-
-// The settled outcome of a parked request, or {settled:"pending"} if it is
-// still outstanding. A bounded wait rather than a bare await: "returns a
-// rejection rather than hanging" is one of the things under test, and an
-// await would report a hang as a step timeout with no indication of which
-// call never settled.
-function settleRequest(d, key, timeout = 45000) {
-    return d.executeAsync(
-        `const done = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
-         const key = arguments[0];
-         const timeout = arguments[1];
-         Promise.race([
-             window.__dapp.settle(key),
-             new Promise((r) => setTimeout(() => r({ settled: "pending" }), timeout)),
-         ]).then(done, (e) => done({ settled: "error", message: String(e) }));`,
-        [key, timeout],
-    );
-}
-
-// Every AUTISTMASK_* message that has crossed between the page and the
-// content script. This is the boundary half of the rejection assertion: the
-// code has to be on the wire as well as on the Error the page catches, so a
-// pass cannot come from the provider inventing one.
-function dappMessages(d, type) {
-    return d.execute(
-        // `want` is bound outside the callback deliberately: inside it,
-        // arguments[0] is the message being tested, not the script argument,
-        // and the filter silently matches nothing.
-        "var want = arguments[0];" +
-            " return window.__dapp.messages.filter(function (m) {" +
-            " return !want || m.type === want; });",
-        [type || null],
-    );
-}
-
-async function lastResponseError(d) {
-    const responses = await dappMessages(d, "AUTISTMASK_RESPONSE");
-    const last = responses[responses.length - 1];
-    assert(last, "the page received no AUTISTMASK_RESPONSE at all");
-    return last.error || null;
-}
-
-// A rejected prompt, asserted at both ends: the page's promise rejected
-// rather than hanging or resolving, and the response that crossed the
-// boundary carried EIP-1193 code 4001.
-async function assertUserRejection(d, key, label) {
-    const outcome = await settleRequest(d, key);
-    assert(
-        outcome.settled !== "pending",
-        label + " never settled: the rejected prompt left the page hanging",
-    );
-    assert(
-        outcome.settled === "rejected",
-        label + " resolved instead of rejecting: " + JSON.stringify(outcome),
-    );
-    assert(
-        outcome.message === USER_REJECTION_MESSAGE,
-        label + " rejected with the wrong message: " + outcome.message,
-    );
-    const error = await lastResponseError(d);
-    assert(
-        error && error.code === 4001,
-        label +
-            " did not carry EIP-1193 code 4001 across the boundary: " +
-            JSON.stringify(error),
-    );
-    assert(
-        outcome.hasCode,
-        label +
-            " reached the page as an error with no code property at all, so a " +
-            "dApp cannot tell the user's refusal from a failure: " +
-            JSON.stringify(outcome),
-    );
-    assert(
-        outcome.code === 4001,
-        label +
-            " reached the page with code " +
-            JSON.stringify(outcome.code) +
-            " rather than EIP-1193 4001",
-    );
-    assert(
-        outcome.name === "ProviderRpcError",
-        label +
-            " reached the page as " +
-            JSON.stringify(outcome.name) +
-            " rather than an EIP-1193 ProviderRpcError",
-    );
-    console.log(
-        "# " +
-            label +
-            ": code 4001 on the wire and on the page's " +
-            outcome.name,
-    );
-}
-
-step("the loopback dApp page gets the real inpage provider", async (env) => {
-    const d = env.driver;
-
-    // The popup is still the current window; point the extension at the stub
-    // node from there, then reload it so its in-memory copy of the state
-    // carries the new rpcUrl and cannot save the old one back over it.
-    env.address = await pointAtStubNode(d, env.server.rpcUrl);
-    await d.navigate(POPUP_URL);
-    await d.waitVisible("#view-main", STEP_TIMEOUT_MS);
-    env.popupWindow = await d.currentWindow();
-
-    env.dappWindow = await d.newWindow("tab");
-    await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-    await d.navigate(env.server.url);
-
-    // window.ethereum is not the fixture's doing — it is the shipped content
-    // script, injected into a real http:// origin. Waiting for it is waiting
-    // for the real provider to have installed itself.
-    await d.waitFor(
-        "the injected EIP-1193 provider and the test page API",
-        "return !!window.ethereum && !!window.__dapp;",
-        [],
-        STEP_TIMEOUT_MS,
-    );
-
-    // EIP-6963, asked of the provider itself. The announcement carries the
-    // uuid src/content/index.js reads out of extension storage — call site 1
-    // in the issue — and it has to name this extension and hand back the very
-    // object on window.ethereum.
-    const announced = await d.executeAsync(
-        `const done = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
-         const onAnnounce = (e) => {
-             window.removeEventListener("eip6963:announceProvider", onAnnounce);
-             done({
-                 rdns: e.detail.info.rdns,
-                 uuid: e.detail.info.uuid,
-                 isWindowEthereum: e.detail.provider === window.ethereum,
-             });
-         };
-         window.addEventListener("eip6963:announceProvider", onAnnounce);
-         window.dispatchEvent(new Event("eip6963:requestProvider"));
-         setTimeout(() => done(null), 15000);`,
-    );
-    assert(announced, "the provider announced itself to no EIP-6963 request");
-    assert(
-        announced.rdns === "berlin.sneak.autistmask",
-        "the announced provider is not this extension: " +
-            JSON.stringify(announced),
-    );
-    assert(
-        announced.isWindowEthereum,
-        "the announced provider is not the object on window.ethereum",
-    );
-    assert(
-        typeof announced.uuid === "string" && announced.uuid.length === 36,
-        "the announcement carries no stored provider uuid: " +
-            JSON.stringify(announced.uuid),
-    );
-
-    // A full page -> content script -> background round trip that needs no
-    // approval, so the relay is proven before any prompt is driven. This is
-    // call site 2, the one that used to fail for every window.ethereum
-    // request a dApp made.
-    const chainId = await d.executeAsync(
-        `const done = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
-         window.ethereum.request({ method: "eth_chainId" }).then(
-             (r) => done({ ok: r }),
-             (e) => done({ err: String((e && e.message) || e) }),
-         );`,
-    );
-    assert(
-        chainId && chainId.ok === "0x1",
-        "eth_chainId did not round trip through the extension: " +
-            JSON.stringify(chainId),
-    );
-    console.log(
-        "# dapp origin " + env.server.origin + " active address " + env.address,
-    );
-});
-
-step(
-    "eth_requestAccounts approved returns the selected address",
-    async (env) => {
-        const d = env.driver;
-        await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-        await startRequest(d, "accounts", "eth_requestAccounts", []);
-
-        const popup = await waitForApprovalWindow(d);
-        await d.switchToWindow(popup);
-        await d.waitVisible("#view-approve-site");
-
-        const hostname = await d.text("#approve-hostname");
-        assert(
-            hostname === "127.0.0.1",
-            "the site prompt names the wrong origin: " +
-                JSON.stringify(hostname),
-        );
-        const shown = await d.text("#approve-address");
-        assert(
-            shown.toLowerCase().includes(env.address.toLowerCase()),
-            "the site prompt shows the wrong address: " + JSON.stringify(shown),
-        );
-
-        // Remembered, so the origin stays authorized for the sign and transaction
-        // steps below.
-        const checked = await d.execute(
-            'return document.getElementById("approve-remember").checked;',
-        );
-        if (!checked) await d.click("#approve-remember");
-        await d.click("#btn-approve");
-
-        // The approve button closes its own window, so get off it before asking
-        // the page anything.
-        await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-        const outcome = await settleRequest(d, "accounts");
-        assert(
-            outcome.settled === "resolved",
-            "eth_requestAccounts did not resolve: " + JSON.stringify(outcome),
-        );
-        assert(
-            Array.isArray(outcome.result) && outcome.result.length === 1,
-            "eth_requestAccounts returned no single account: " +
-                JSON.stringify(outcome.result),
-        );
-        assert(
-            getAddress(outcome.result[0]) === env.address,
-            "eth_requestAccounts returned " +
-                outcome.result[0] +
-                ", not the selected address " +
-                env.address,
-        );
-    },
-);
-
-step(
-    "personal_sign returns a signature that recovers to the address",
-    async (env) => {
-        const d = env.driver;
-        await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-        await startRequest(d, "sign", "personal_sign", [SIGN_HEX, env.address]);
-
-        const popup = await waitForApprovalWindow(d);
-        await d.switchToWindow(popup);
-        await d.waitVisible("#view-approve-sign");
-
-        const screen = await d.execute(
-            `return {
-             hostname: document.getElementById("approve-sign-hostname").textContent,
-             type: document.getElementById("approve-sign-type").textContent,
-             message: document.getElementById("approve-sign-message").textContent,
-             from: document.getElementById("approve-sign-from").textContent,
-         };`,
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.hostname === "127.0.0.1",
-            "the sign prompt names the wrong origin: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.hostname),
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.type === "Personal message",
-            "the sign prompt reports the wrong type: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.type),
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.message === SIGN_TEXT,
-            "the sign prompt shows the wrong message: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.message),
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.from.toLowerCase().includes(env.address.toLowerCase()),
-            "the sign prompt shows the wrong signing address: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.from),
-        );
-
-        await d.fill("#approve-sign-password", PASSWORD);
-        await d.click("#btn-approve-sign");
-
-        await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-        const outcome = await settleRequest(d, "sign");
-        assert(
-            outcome.settled === "resolved",
-            "personal_sign did not resolve: " + JSON.stringify(outcome),
-        );
-        const recovered = getAddress(
-            verifyMessage(getBytes(SIGN_HEX), outcome.result),
-        );
-        console.log(
-            "# personal_sign: recovered=" +
-                recovered +
-                " expected=" +
-                env.address,
-        );
-        assert(
-            recovered === env.address,
-            "the personal_sign signature recovers to " +
-                recovered +
-                ", not to the approved address " +
-                env.address,
-        );
-    },
-);
-
-step(
-    "eth_sendTransaction shows the transaction and returns its hash",
-    async (env) => {
-        const d = env.driver;
-        const before = env.server.broadcast.length;
-
-        await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-        await startRequest(d, "tx", "eth_sendTransaction", [
-            {
-                from: env.address,
-                to: STUB_COUNTERPARTY,
-                value: toQuantity(TX_VALUE_WEI),
-                data: TX_DATA,
-            },
-        ]);
-
-        const popup = await waitForApprovalWindow(d);
-        await d.switchToWindow(popup);
-        await d.waitVisible("#view-approve-tx");
-
-        const screen = await d.execute(
-            `return {
-             hostname: document.getElementById("approve-tx-hostname").textContent,
-             from: document.getElementById("approve-tx-from").textContent,
-             to: document.getElementById("approve-tx-to").textContent,
-             value: document.getElementById("approve-tx-value").textContent,
-             data: document.getElementById("approve-tx-data").textContent,
-             dataShown: !document
-                 .getElementById("approve-tx-data-section")
-                 .classList.contains("hidden"),
-         };`,
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.hostname === "127.0.0.1",
-            "the transaction prompt names the wrong origin: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.hostname),
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.from.toLowerCase().includes(env.address.toLowerCase()),
-            "the transaction prompt shows the wrong sender: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.from),
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.to.toLowerCase().includes(STUB_COUNTERPARTY.toLowerCase()),
-            "the transaction prompt shows the wrong recipient: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.to),
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.value.startsWith(TX_VALUE_ETH + " ETH"),
-            "the transaction prompt shows the wrong value: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.value),
-        );
-        assert(
-            screen.dataShown && screen.data === TX_DATA,
-            "the transaction prompt does not show the approved call data: " +
-                JSON.stringify(screen.data),
-        );
-
-        await d.fill("#approve-tx-password", PASSWORD);
-        await d.click("#btn-approve-tx");
-
-        // The approval window hands off to the wait screen rather than closing,
-        // and the hash it shows is asserted before it is retired: left open it
-        // polls the stub node for a receipt for the rest of the run.
-        await d.waitVisible("#view-wait-tx", STEP_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        const waitHash = await d.text("#wait-tx-hash");
-
-        await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-        const outcome = await settleRequest(d, "tx");
-        assert(
-            outcome.settled === "resolved",
-            "eth_sendTransaction did not resolve: " + JSON.stringify(outcome),
-        );
-
-        // The artifact as the node saw it, not as the extension described it.
-        assert(
-            env.server.broadcast.length === before + 1,
-            "expected exactly one raw transaction to reach the node, got " +
-                (env.server.broadcast.length - before),
-        );
-        const signed = Transaction.from(
-            env.server.broadcast[env.server.broadcast.length - 1],
-        );
-        console.log(
-            "# eth_sendTransaction: signer=" +
-                getAddress(signed.from) +
-                " to=" +
-                getAddress(signed.to) +
-                " value=" +
-                formatEther(signed.value) +
-                " chainId=" +
-                signed.chainId,
-        );
-        assert(
-            getAddress(signed.from) === env.address,
-            "the broadcast transaction was signed by " +
-                getAddress(signed.from) +
-                ", not by the approved address " +
-                env.address,
-        );
-        assert(
-            getAddress(signed.to) === getAddress(STUB_COUNTERPARTY),
-            "the broadcast transaction goes to " + signed.to,
-        );
-        assert(
-            signed.value === TX_VALUE_WEI,
-            "the broadcast transaction carries " +
-                formatEther(signed.value) +
-                " ETH, not the approved " +
-                TX_VALUE_ETH,
-        );
-        assert(
-            signed.data === TX_DATA,
-            "the broadcast transaction carries different call data: " +
-                signed.data,
-        );
-        assert(
-            signed.chainId === 1n,
-            "the broadcast transaction is for chain " + signed.chainId,
-        );
-        assert(
-            outcome.result === signed.hash,
-            "the page received " +
-                outcome.result +
-                ", not the hash of the broadcast transaction " +
-                signed.hash,
-        );
-        assert(
-            waitHash.includes(signed.hash),
-            "the wait screen shows a different hash: " +
-                JSON.stringify(waitHash),
-        );
-
-        await d.switchToWindow(popup);
-        await d.closeWindow(env.dappWindow);
-    },
-);
-
-step(
-    "closing an approval window rejects the request with 4001",
-    async (env) => {
-        const d = env.driver;
-        const before = env.server.broadcast.length;
-
-        await d.switchToWindow(env.dappWindow);
-        await startRequest(d, "sign-closed", "personal_sign", [
-            SIGN_HEX,
-            env.address,
-        ]);
-
-        const popup = await waitForApprovalWindow(d);
-        await d.switchToWindow(popup);
-        await d.waitVisible("#view-approve-sign");
-
-        // Closed, not rejected: this is the windows.onRemoved path, which can
-        // only fire if windows.create() handed back a window id for the approval
-        // to be matched against — call site 4 in the issue, where the id used to
-        // be assigned from a callback the browser.* namespace never invoked.
-        await d.closeWindow(env.dappWindow);
-
-        await assertUserRejection(d, "sign-closed", "a closed approval window");
-        assert(
-            env.server.broadcast.length === before,
-            "a closed approval window still put a transaction on the node",
-        );
-    },
-);
-
 // ------------------------------------------------------------- runner
 
-// Uncaught extension errors that are known, tracked and deliberately
-// tolerated, in the same spirit as ALLOWED_ERRORS in tests/e2e/harness.js:
-// every entry names the issue that will delete it, and every occurrence is
-// still printed, so tolerating one is visible in the log rather than silent.
-// This is the only concession in an otherwise zero-tolerance policy.
-const ALLOWED_ERRORS = [
-    {
-        // The site-connection buttons in src/popup/views/approval.js send
-        // their decision and call window.close() on the next line. Firefox's
-        // BaseContext.wrapPromise reports, through Cu.reportError, any
-        // extension-API promise that settles after its context unloaded —
-        // whether or not the caller attached a handler, so notify()'s catch
-        // cannot suppress it.
-        //
-        // Pre-existing, and not introduced by the promise shim: the send was
-        // already unawaited, and this suite is merely the first thing to
-        // drive that window on Firefox. It is the same teardown ordering as
-        // the issue below, whose fix — making the outcome independent of when
-        // the popup closes — removes this entry with it.
-        pattern: /Promise (?:resolved|rejected) after context unloaded/,
-        source: /\/src\/popup\/index\.js$/,
-        issue: "https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/275",
-    },
-];
-
-function allowedFor(e) {
-    return ALLOWED_ERRORS.find(
-        (a) => a.pattern.test(e.msg) && a.source.test(e.src),
-    );
-}
-
 function formatError(e) {
     return (
         e.msg + " (" + e.src + ":" + e.line + (e.cat ? ", " + e.cat : "") + ")"
@@ -774,21 +165,6 @@ async function main() {
         return;
     }
 
-    // Loopback survives --network none, so this is the http:// origin the
-    // dApp steps need and the node they talk to. Started before the browser
-    // so its url is available to the first step that asks for it.
-    let server;
-    try {
-        server = await startDappServer();
-    } catch (e) {
-        console.error(
-            "e2e-firefox: cannot serve the dApp fixture: " + e.message,
-        );
-        process.exitCode = 1;
-        return;
-    }
-    console.log("# dapp fixture: " + server.url + " rpc " + server.rpcUrl);
-
     let driver;
     try {
         driver = await start();
@@ -799,20 +175,12 @@ async function main() {
         // absent suite. Never skip and report success.
         console.error("e2e-firefox: cannot run the suite: " + e.message);
         if (driver) await driver.quit().catch(() => {});
-        await server.close();
         process.exitCode = 1;
         return;
     }
 
     const errors = new ConsoleErrors(driver, EXTENSION_ORIGIN);
-    const env = {
-        driver,
-        server,
-        phrase: null,
-        address: null,
-        dappWindow: null,
-        popupWindow: null,
-    };
+    const env = { driver, phrase: null };
 
     console.log("# extension origin: " + EXTENSION_ORIGIN);
     console.log("1.." + steps.length);
@@ -864,20 +232,6 @@ async function main() {
                 installFailure = null;
             }
 
-            // Tolerated errors are set aside, never dropped: each one is
-            // printed with the issue that keeps it on the list, so the
-            // concession stays in the run output.
-            const tolerated = found.filter((e) => allowedFor(e));
-            found = found.filter((e) => !allowedFor(e));
-            for (const e of tolerated) {
-                console.log(
-                    "# tolerated (" +
-                        allowedFor(e).issue +
-                        "): " +
-                        formatError(e),
-                );
-            }
-
             // Any uncaught error from an extension source fails the step
             // that provoked it, whether or not its assertions passed.
             if (!failure && found.length > 0) {
@@ -902,13 +256,7 @@ async function main() {
         // blamed on any one step, but they are still reported and they
         // still fail the run.
         await sleep(1000);
-        const trailingAll = await errors.take();
-        for (const e of trailingAll.filter((x) => allowedFor(x))) {
-            console.log(
-                "# tolerated (" + allowedFor(e).issue + "): " + formatError(e),
-            );
-        }
-        const trailing = trailingAll.filter((e) => !allowedFor(e));
+        const trailing = await errors.take();
         console.log(
             "# " +
                 (steps.length - failed) +
@@ -925,25 +273,12 @@ async function main() {
             );
             for (const e of trailing) console.log("#   " + formatError(e));
         }
-        // A JSON-RPC method nothing answered means the extension asked the
-        // node something this fixture does not model, and whatever depended
-        // on the answer took the error branch instead. That is a hole in the
-        // fixture, not a pass.
-        if (server.unstubbed.length > 0) {
-            console.log(
-                "# FAILED: no fixture for JSON-RPC method(s) " +
-                    [...new Set(server.unstubbed)].join(", "),
-            );
-            process.exitCode = 1;
-        }
-
         if (failed > 0 || trailing.length > 0) {
             console.log("# FAILED");
             process.exitCode = 1;
         }
     } finally {
         await driver.quit().catch(() => {});
-        await server.close();
     }
 }
 

tests/e2e/network.js

@@ -78,13 +78,6 @@ function word(value) {
 // is put there by the shipped manifest's MAIN-world content script, exactly
 // as it is on any http(s) page a user visits, so what these tests speak to
 // is the real inpage provider and not a copy the harness wired up.
-//
-// DAPP_HTML below is exported and served verbatim by the Firefox suite too
-// (tests/e2e/firefox/dapp.js), from a loopback origin rather than through a
-// route handler. The two suites drive different browsers over different
-// protocols, but the page they drive — the __dapp API, the message log — is
-// one fixture, so an assertion written against it means the same thing on
-// both.
 const DAPP_ORIGIN = "https://dapp.e2e.test";
 const DAPP_URL = DAPP_ORIGIN + "/";
 
@@ -642,7 +635,6 @@ async function installNetworkStubs(ctx, opts) {
 
 module.exports = {
     installNetworkStubs,
-    DAPP_HTML,
     DAPP_ORIGIN,
     DAPP_URL,
     FEE_ESTIMATE_WEI,