diff --git a/src/background/index.js b/src/background/index.js
index db30f43..1060fcf 100644
--- a/src/background/index.js
+++ b/src/background/index.js
@@ -93,11 +93,13 @@ function resetPopupUrl() {
     }
 }
 
-// Fallback: open approval in a separate window (used when openPopup is unavailable)
+// Open approval in a separate popup window.
+// This is the primary mechanism for tx/sign approvals (triggered programmatically,
+// not from a user gesture) and the fallback for site-connection approvals.
 function openApprovalWindow(id) {
     const popupUrl = runtime.getURL("src/popup/index.html?approval=" + id);
-    const popupWidth = 400;
-    const popupHeight = 500;
+    const popupWidth = 360;
+    const popupHeight = 600;
 
     windowsApi.getLastFocused((currentWin) => {
         const opts = {
@@ -148,7 +150,9 @@ function requestApproval(origin, hostname) {
 }
 
 // Open a tx-approval popup and return a promise that resolves with txHash or error.
-// Uses the toolbar popup only — no fallback window.
+// Uses windows.create() directly because tx approvals are triggered programmatically
+// (from a dApp RPC call), not from a user gesture, so action.openPopup() is
+// unreliable in this context.
 function requestTxApproval(origin, hostname, txParams) {
     return new Promise((resolve) => {
         const id = crypto.randomUUID();
@@ -160,27 +164,14 @@ function requestTxApproval(origin, hostname, txParams) {
             type: "tx",
         };
 
-        if (actionApi && typeof actionApi.setPopup === "function") {
-            actionApi.setPopup({
-                popup: "src/popup/index.html?approval=" + id,
-            });
-        }
-        if (actionApi && typeof actionApi.openPopup === "function") {
-            try {
-                const result = actionApi.openPopup();
-                if (result && typeof result.catch === "function") {
-                    result.catch(() => {});
-                }
-            } catch {
-                // openPopup unsupported — user clicks toolbar icon
-            }
-        }
+        openApprovalWindow(id);
     });
 }
 
 // Open a sign-approval popup and return a promise that resolves with { signature } or { error }.
-// Uses the toolbar popup only — no fallback window.  If openPopup() fails the
-// popup URL is still set, so the user can click the toolbar icon to respond.
+// Uses windows.create() directly because sign approvals are triggered programmatically
+// (from a dApp RPC call), not from a user gesture, so action.openPopup() is
+// unreliable in this context.
 function requestSignApproval(origin, hostname, signParams) {
     return new Promise((resolve) => {
         const id = crypto.randomUUID();
@@ -192,27 +183,14 @@ function requestSignApproval(origin, hostname, signParams) {
             type: "sign",
         };
 
-        if (actionApi && typeof actionApi.setPopup === "function") {
-            actionApi.setPopup({
-                popup: "src/popup/index.html?approval=" + id,
-            });
-        }
-        if (actionApi && typeof actionApi.openPopup === "function") {
-            try {
-                const result = actionApi.openPopup();
-                if (result && typeof result.catch === "function") {
-                    result.catch(() => {});
-                }
-            } catch {
-                // openPopup unsupported — user clicks toolbar icon
-            }
-        }
+        openApprovalWindow(id);
     });
 }
 
 // Detect when an approval popup (browser-action) closes without a response.
-// TX and sign approvals are NOT auto-rejected on disconnect because toolbar
-// popups naturally close on focus loss and the user can reopen them.
+// TX and sign approvals now use windows.create() and are handled by the
+// windowsApi.onRemoved listener below, but we still handle site-connection
+// approval disconnects here.
 runtime.onConnect.addListener((port) => {
     if (port.name.startsWith("approval:")) {
         const id = port.name.split(":")[1];