diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2a52fc9..4c7d93e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1920,8 +1920,13 @@ view would leave a wallet one click from deletion.
- Danger warning box (shown for `eth_sign`, which signs a raw hash)
- Type: "Personal message" or "Typed data (EIP-712)"
- From: color dot + full address + etherscan link
- - Message: decoded UTF-8 text (personal_sign) or formatted domain/type/
- message fields (EIP-712 typed data). The primary type shown is the one
+ - Message: for `personal_sign` and `eth_sign`, the text the message's bytes
+ decode to as UTF-8, with each control or format character (zero-width and
+ bidirectional characters among them) shown as a bordered `U+XXXX` mark
+ instead of acting on the text, so it reads in the order of the bytes that
+ are signed; a line feed is shown as a line break. Bytes that are not UTF-8
+ are shown as "This message is not text." For typed data, formatted
+ domain/type/message fields (EIP-712). The primary type shown is the one
ethers signs, derived from the typed data's `types`, not the type the site
states.
- Token permission warning, at the top of the message (typed data whose
@@ -1935,12 +1940,20 @@ view would leave a wallet one click from deletion.
domain's `verifyingContract`; any those fields do not give is shown as
`Unknown`, and the domain, type and message lines still follow. Only typed
data that cannot be read at all is shown as raw text.
+ - Raw data (`personal_sign` and `eth_sign`): the message's hex exactly as
+ the site sent it. The bytes it encodes are what is signed, as an EIP-191
+ personal message.
- Password input and an error line
- "Sign" / "Reject" buttons
- **Transitions**:
- Typed data that states no primary type, or one other than the type it
would be signed as, or that cannot be read → shown with the error line
saying so and "Sign" disabled; only "Reject" remains
+ - A `personal_sign` or `eth_sign` message that is not hex (`0x` and an even
+ number of hex digits) → shown as plain text, with the error line "This
+ message is plain text, not hex, so it cannot be signed." and "Sign"
+ disabled; signing takes the bytes from the hex, so such a message has none
+ to sign
- "Sign" (correct password) → signs locally → closes popup (returns
signature)
- "Sign" (wrong password, or a signing failure) → error line, no screen
diff --git a/TODO.md b/TODO.md
index 4ef8c30..d1d82a7 100644
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -45,6 +45,16 @@ but the review is broader than any of them.
# Completed Steps
+- 2026-10-04: The signature screen shows a personal message as the bytes that
+ are signed ([#403](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/403)). It
+ showed only the decoded text, with bidirectional and zero-width characters
+ acting on it, so a site could make the message read differently from what is
+ signed, and a message that was not hex was shown as NUL characters. The hex is
+ now shown as "Raw data" alongside the decoded text, control and format
+ characters in the text are shown as `U+XXXX` marks, and a message that is not
+ hex is shown as plain text with "Sign" disabled, since signing takes the bytes
+ from the hex and such a message has none to sign.
+
- 2026-10-04: A nonce the site supplies with `eth_sendTransaction` is ignored
([#404](https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/404)). It was passed on to
the transaction, so a site could replace one of the user's pending
diff --git a/src/popup/index.html b/src/popup/index.html
index 2fd624d..208f185 100644
--- a/src/popup/index.html
+++ b/src/popup/index.html
@@ -1698,6 +1698,15 @@
>
+
+
Raw data
+
+
+
parseInt(b, 16)),
- );
- return toUtf8String(bytes);
+ return toUtf8String(getBytes(hex));
} catch {
return null;
}
}
+// The text as HTML, with each control or format character (zero-width and
+// bidirectional characters among them) shown as a bordered U+XXXX mark
+// instead of acting on the text, so it reads in the order of its bytes. Line
+// feeds are shown as line breaks.
+function markControlCharacters(text) {
+ return escapeHtml(text).replace(/[\p{Cc}\p{Cf}]/gu, (c) => {
+ if (c === "\n") return " ";
+ const code = c.codePointAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase();
+ return `U+${code.padStart(4, "0")}`;
+ });
+}
+
// The type ethers will sign typed data as. ethers does not read the page's
// `primaryType`: it takes the one struct in `types` that no other struct
// refers to. Throws when the types name no such single struct, which ethers
@@ -657,15 +666,29 @@ function showSignApproval(details) {
? "Typed data (EIP-712)"
: "Personal message";
+ // A personal message is signed as the bytes its hex encodes, so the hex
+ // is shown as well as any text it decodes to. Signing reads the bytes
+ // from the hex, so a message that is not hex cannot be signed: it is
+ // shown as the text it is, and refused.
+ let refusal = null;
+ $("approve-sign-hex-section").classList.add("hidden");
if (isTyped) {
$("approve-sign-message").innerHTML = formatTypedDataHtml(sp.typedData);
- } else {
+ refusal = typedDataRefusal(sp);
+ } else if (isHexString(sp.message, true)) {
const decoded = decodeHexMessage(sp.message);
if (decoded !== null) {
- $("approve-sign-message").textContent = decoded;
+ $("approve-sign-message").innerHTML =
+ markControlCharacters(decoded);
} else {
- $("approve-sign-message").textContent = sp.message;
+ $("approve-sign-message").textContent = "This message is not text.";
}
+ $("approve-sign-hex").textContent = sp.message;
+ $("approve-sign-hex-section").classList.remove("hidden");
+ } else {
+ $("approve-sign-message").innerHTML = markControlCharacters(sp.message);
+ refusal =
+ "This message is plain text, not hex, so it cannot be signed.";
}
// Display danger warning for eth_sign (raw hash signing)
@@ -687,7 +710,6 @@ function showSignApproval(details) {
showView("approve-sign");
attachCopyHandlers("view-approve-sign");
- const refusal = typedDataRefusal(sp);
if (refusal) {
showError("approve-sign-error", refusal);
$("btn-approve-sign").disabled = true;
diff --git a/tests/personalSignDisplay.test.js b/tests/personalSignDisplay.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f7c9cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/personalSignDisplay.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// The signature prompt shows a personal message as the bytes that are signed
+// (https://git.eeqj.de/sneak/AutistMask/issues/403): the raw data in hex, the
+// text it decodes to with control, zero-width and bidirectional characters
+// marked rather than obeyed, and a message that is not hex as plain text that
+// cannot be signed.
+//
+// Driven against a minimal DOM stub in the shape
+// tests/approvalOrigin.test.js uses.
+
+globalThis.chrome = {
+ storage: { local: { get: async () => ({}), set: async () => {} } },
+};
+
+const { hexlify, toUtf8Bytes } = require("ethers");
+const { state } = require("../src/shared/state");
+const approval = require("../src/popup/views/approval");
+
+const FROM = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000a11";
+
+// Built from their code points so that this file holds none of them.
+const RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE = String.fromCodePoint(0x202e);
+const POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMATTING = String.fromCodePoint(0x202c);
+const ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE = String.fromCodePoint(0x200b);
+
+function makeElement(id) {
+ const classes = new Set();
+ return {
+ id,
+ textContent: "",
+ value: "",
+ innerHTML: "",
+ disabled: false,
+ style: {},
+ dataset: {},
+ classList: {
+ add: (...names) => names.forEach((n) => classes.add(n)),
+ remove: (...names) => names.forEach((n) => classes.delete(n)),
+ contains: (n) => classes.has(n),
+ toggle: (n, force) => {
+ const on = force === undefined ? !classes.has(n) : force;
+ if (on) classes.add(n);
+ else classes.delete(n);
+ return on;
+ },
+ },
+ addEventListener: () => {},
+ querySelectorAll: () => [],
+ appendChild: () => {},
+ };
+}
+
+function makeDocument() {
+ const els = new Map();
+ return {
+ getElementById(id) {
+ if (id === "debug-banner") return null;
+ if (!els.has(id)) els.set(id, makeElement(id));
+ return els.get(id);
+ },
+ createElement: () => makeElement("created"),
+ body: { prepend: () => {} },
+ };
+}
+
+function node(id) {
+ return globalThis.document.getElementById(id);
+}
+
+// Open the signature prompt for a personal_sign of `message`, the way the
+// popup does: it asks the background for the approval and show() draws it.
+async function openPersonalSign(message) {
+ globalThis.document = makeDocument();
+ globalThis.window = { location: { search: "" } };
+ globalThis.chrome.runtime = {
+ connect: () => ({ postMessage: () => {} }),
+ sendMessage: (msg, reply) => {
+ if (!reply) return;
+ if (msg.type !== "AUTISTMASK_GET_APPROVAL") return reply(null);
+ reply({
+ type: "sign",
+ origin: "https://dapp.example",
+ isPhishingDomain: false,
+ approvedFrom: FROM,
+ signParams: { method: "personal_sign", message, from: FROM },
+ });
+ },
+ };
+ approval.init({});
+ await approval.show(1);
+}
+
+// The message box's markup as the text a reader sees: tags dropped.
+function shownMessage() {
+ return node("approve-sign-message").innerHTML.replace(/<[^>]*>/g, "");
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+ state.wallets = [];
+ state.activeAddress = FROM;
+ state.viewData = {};
+ state.viewStack = [];
+ state.currentView = null;
+});
+
+test("a right-to-left override is marked, so the text reads in byte order", async () => {
+ // Obeyed, the override shows "0001" as "1000".
+ const text =
+ "Pay " +
+ RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE +
+ "0001" +
+ POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMATTING +
+ " ETH";
+ await openPersonalSign(hexlify(toUtf8Bytes(text)));
+ const html = node("approve-sign-message").innerHTML;
+ expect(html).not.toContain(RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE);
+ expect(html).not.toContain(POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMATTING);
+ expect(shownMessage()).toBe("Pay U+202E0001U+202C ETH");
+});
+
+test("a zero-width character is marked", async () => {
+ await openPersonalSign(
+ hexlify(toUtf8Bytes("pay" + ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE + "pal.com")),
+ );
+ expect(node("approve-sign-message").innerHTML).not.toContain(
+ ZERO_WIDTH_SPACE,
+ );
+ expect(shownMessage()).toBe("payU+200Bpal.com");
+});
+
+test("a line feed is shown as a line break", async () => {
+ await openPersonalSign(hexlify(toUtf8Bytes("Sign in\nNonce: 7")));
+ expect(node("approve-sign-message").innerHTML).toBe("Sign in Nonce: 7");
+});
+
+test("the raw hex is shown alongside the text", async () => {
+ await openPersonalSign("0x48656c6c6f");
+ expect(shownMessage()).toBe("Hello");
+ expect(node("approve-sign-hex").textContent).toBe("0x48656c6c6f");
+ expect(node("approve-sign-hex-section").classList.contains("hidden")).toBe(
+ false,
+ );
+});
+
+test("bytes that are not text are shown only as hex", async () => {
+ await openPersonalSign("0xff00");
+ expect(node("approve-sign-message").textContent).toBe(
+ "This message is not text.",
+ );
+ expect(node("approve-sign-hex").textContent).toBe("0xff00");
+});
+
+test("a message that is not hex is shown as text and cannot be signed", async () => {
+ await openPersonalSign("Hello world");
+ expect(shownMessage()).toBe("Hello world");
+ expect(node("approve-sign-error").textContent).toBe(
+ "This message is plain text, not hex, so it cannot be signed.",
+ );
+ expect(node("btn-approve-sign").disabled).toBe(true);
+ expect(node("approve-sign-hex-section").classList.contains("hidden")).toBe(
+ true,
+ );
+});